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▎What is Cagrilintide?
Cagrilintide is a Dual Amylin-Calcitonin Receptor Agonist (DACRA) designed based on the structural framework of the amylin molecule. By simultaneously targeting and activating the amylin receptor and the calcitonin receptor, it demonstrates the potential for multi-dimensional regulation of metabolic parameters, including mechanisms of action such as weight management, maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis, and appetite regulation. The concept of its research and development is derived from an in-depth analysis of the physiological functions of natural amylin: as a hormone secreted by pancreatic β cells, natural amylin participates in the regulation of blood glucose metabolism at multiple levels, such as regulating satiety, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying. However, its clinical application is limited by a short half-life (approximately 20 minutes), necessitating frequent administration.
Cagrilintide extends the half-life to 7 to 8 days through molecular modification, thus significantly reducing the frequency of administration and greatly improving clinical compliance. This long-acting design not only optimizes the convenience of drug delivery but also achieves long-term intervention in metabolic disorders by continuously activating the amylin and calcitonin receptors. Specifically, Cagrilintide collaboratively contributes to the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis by inhibiting postprandial glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and enhancing satiety. At the same time, its activation of the calcitonin receptor further enhances the functions of bone density protection and appetite regulation. This multi-target synergistic mechanism endows it with broad application prospects in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, and provides an innovative treatment strategy for the comprehensive management of metabolic syndrome.
▎What is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide, as a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By mimicking the physiological functions of natural GLP-1, this drug triggers multiple metabolic regulation mechanisms after activating the GLP-1 receptor, including the enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, the inhibitory regulation of glucagon release, the delay of gastric emptying rate, and the central appetite suppression effect, thereby achieving the synergistic effect of precise control of blood glucose levels and weight management. Its unique pharmacokinetic properties endow it with a half-life of up to 7 days, supporting a once-weekly subcutaneous injection regimen or a daily oral administration mode, which significantly optimizes the treatment experience of patients and improves medication compliance.
Clinical trial data show that semaglutide can significantly reduce the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by up to 1.8%, and the incidence of hypoglycemic events is extremely low, which gives it a unique advantage in blood glucose management. In addition, the cardiovascular protective effect of this drug has been fully verified, which can reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 26%, providing additional therapeutic benefits for diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the treatment of diabetes, semaglutide can be used for the long-term management of obesity and has shown potential therapeutic value in clinical research on diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and Alzheimer's disease.
This multi-target treatment mechanism based on GLP-1 receptor activation not only comprehensively optimizes metabolic parameters by improving insulin sensitivity, inhibiting excessive glucagon secretion, and regulating the central energy balance center, but also provides an innovative treatment strategy for the comprehensive management of chronic metabolic diseases through the cardiovascular protective effect and potential benefits of the central nervous system. Its application potential in multiple disease areas further confirms the important position of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a core treatment method in modern metabolic medicine.
▎Summary
The combination of Cagrilintide and Semaglutide (Cagrisema) shows significant synergistic effects in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This combination therapy achieves multi-dimensional regulation of appetite, blood glucose metabolism, and weight management by simultaneously targeting the amylin and GLP-1 receptors. Cagrilintide regulates through delayed gastric emptying and central satiety regulation, while Semaglutide inhibits glucagon secretion and enhances insulin secretion. The synergistic effect of the two significantly enhances the effects of weight loss and blood glucose control.
Clinical trial data show that Cagrisema (the combination of Cagrilintide 2.4mg and Semaglutide 2.4mg) leads to an average weight loss of 9.07% (an absolute weight loss of 9.11kg) during the treatment period of 20 to 32 weeks, which is significantly better than the treatment regimen of using Semaglutide 2.4mg once a week alone[1]. In a 32-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 clinical trial, the weight loss of patients treated with CagriSema was significantly greater than that of patients treated with Semaglutide or Cagrilintide alone.
The weight loss in the CagriSema group was -15.6%, that in the Semaglutide group was -5.1%, and that in the Cagrilintide group was -8.1%[2]. In addition, Cagrisema also performs well in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and improving cardiovascular risk indicators, while the risk of hypoglycemia is extremely low. Through a multi-target mechanism, this combination treatment regimen not only optimizes metabolic parameters but also significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, providing a more comprehensive treatment option for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
About The Author
The above-mentioned materials are all researched, edited and compiled by Cocer Peptides.
▎Relevant Citations
[1] Dutta D, Nagendra L, Harish B G, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024,28:436-444.DOI:10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24.
[2] Frias J P, Deenadayalan S, Erichsen L, et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet, 2023,402(10403):720-730.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01163-7.
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