Chonluten 20mg

▎ Chonluten Structure

▎Chonluten Research

What is Chonluten?

Chonluten is a peptide bioregulator mainly derived from bronchial tissues, possessing multiple potential biological activities and application values.

What is the research background of Chonluten?

1. The Macro Background of Research on Bioactive Peptides

Since the 20th century, with the rapid development of disciplines such as molecular biology and biochemistry, scientists have conducted in-depth explorations of the structures and functions of various molecules in living organisms. Proteins, as the main bearers of life activities, the short peptide sequences formed by their constituent units - amino acids have been found to contain rich biological information and possess diverse physiological activities. In many key life processes such as cell signaling, metabolic regulation, and immune responses, short peptides often play an indispensable role. This understanding has prompted global research teams to actively engage in the research of excavating short peptides with special functions from various biological tissues, hoping to bring innovative changes to multiple fields such as medicine, food science, and agriculture. The research on Chonluten is carried out precisely against this backdrop.

2. The Opportunity for the Discovery of Chonluten in the Bronchus

Among the studies of numerous animal tissues, the bronchus of the respiratory system has attracted the special attention of scientists. As an important channel for gas to enter and exit the lungs, the mucosal tissue of the bronchus directly contacts the external environment and plays a crucial role in resisting the invasion of pathogens and maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the respiratory tract. 

From a physiological perspective, the epithelial cells of the bronchial mucosa are constantly renewed and repaired, and can secrete various bioactive substances to regulate local immunity and inflammatory responses, which means that there is a high probability of the existence of short peptides with special functions in this tissue. Based on this, the research team took the bronchus as the entry point for research and used advanced molecular biology and biochemistry technologies to conduct in-depth research on the extracts of bronchial tissues. After long-term experimental observations and analyses, Chonluten was finally successfully discovered. This discovery not only provides new clues for a deeper understanding of the physiological regulation mechanism of the bronchus but also lays the foundation for subsequent explorations of the application of Chonluten in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and other related health fields.

What is the mechanism of action of Chonluten?

1. Regulatory Effect on Inflammation

Inhibiting the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

The tripeptide Chonluten can inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes after exposure to pro-inflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ^[1]. The release of low levels of TNF is related to the mechanism of TNF tolerance, which helps to reduce the inflammatory response.

Specifically, Chonluten may affect the gene expression or protein activity related to TNF production in monocytes through a certain specific signaling pathway or molecular interaction, thereby reducing the synthesis and release of TNF.

Inhibiting the Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

All five Khavinson Peptides (including Chonluten) can inhibit the expression of TNF and pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokines in terminally differentiated THP-1 cells stimulated by LPS^[1]. This indicates that Chonluten has a broad role in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines in the inflammatory response.

The possible mechanism is that Chonluten interferes with the binding of LPS to cell surface receptors or regulates the downstream signal transduction pathway, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Reducing Cell Adhesion

By culturing THP1 cells treated with Chonluten on a layer of endothelial cells (HUVECs) activated by LPS, a reduction in cell adhesion was observed^[1]. Cell adhesion is a typical pro-inflammatory mechanism, and the reduction of cell adhesion by Chonluten may help to alleviate the inflammatory response.

This may be because Chonluten changes the expression or activity of cell surface molecules, thereby affecting the interaction between cells or between cells and the matrix.

2. Regulatory Effect on the Proliferation Process

Increasing Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Like other Khavinson Peptides, Chonluten can increase the tyrosine phosphorylation of mitogen-activated cytoplasmic kinases^[1]. This indicates that Chonluten can regulate the key signaling pathway in the cell proliferation process. Tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the important mechanisms of intracellular signal transduction, which can activate or inhibit the activity of various proteins, thus affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chonluten may increase the tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoplasmic kinases by regulating the activity of specific kinases or phosphatases, and then affect the cell proliferation pattern.

3. Role in Cervical Mucus

In a study of 14 women treated with Conluten (possibly related to Chonluten) and 9 women treated with Conlunett, it was found that detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), during the treatment period, both drugs could transform the cervical mucus from the estrogen type (type E) that allows sperm migration to the progesterone type (type G) that prevents sperm migration during ovulation. This change occurred in 74% of the women in the Conluten group and 64% of the women in the Conlunett group ^[2].

What are the applications of Chonluten?

Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma: Chonluten shows therapeutic potential in respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Studies have shown that it can reduce inflammation ^[1]. Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of COPD and asthma. By reducing the inflammatory response, Chonluten can relieve symptoms such as airway stenosis and dyspnea. At the same time, this peptide complex can also promote the repair and regeneration of lung tissues. The damage to lung tissues will lead to a decline in respiratory function, and the repair effect of Chonluten can improve the structure and function of the lungs, thereby enhancing respiratory function.

Repair of Gastric Mucosal Injury: Chonluten shows potential in the repair of gastric mucosal injury. It can regulate the gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase)^[1]. The antioxidant defense mechanism in the gastric mucosa is crucial for protecting the gastric tissue from oxidative stress damage. The regulatory effect of Chonluten can help restore the balance of the antioxidant defense mechanism and reduce the damage of oxidative stress to the gastric mucosa. In addition, this peptide complex can also promote cell regeneration and accelerate the repair process of gastric mucosal injury.

In conclusion, Chonluten demonstrates potential clinical application values in the fields of anti-inflammation, tissue repair, and immune regulation.

About The Author

The above-mentioned materials are all researched, edited and compiled by Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Francesco Avolio is an academic associated with the G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, specifically within the Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (Ctr Adv Studies & Technol). His research interests span several scientific disciplines, including Research & Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Physiology, Immunology, and Endocrinology & Metabolism. As part of the university's research community, he contributes to the institution's focus on advancing scientific knowledge and innovation. Francesco Avolio is listed in the reference of citation [1].

▎Relevant Citations

[1]    Avolio F, Martinotti S, Khavinson V K, et al. Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the  Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022,23(7).DOI:10.3390/ijms23073607.

[2]    Odeblad E. Biophysical composition of cervical mucus and spermigration during treatment with  Conluten and Conlunett[J]. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 1968,47(S8):7-19.DOI:10.3109/00016346809156616.

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