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1kits（10Vials）
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▎Ipamorelin Structure
Source: PubChem | Sequence: XHXFK Molecular Formula: C38H49N9O5 Molecular Weight: 711.9 g/mol CAS Number: 170851-70-4 PubChem CID: 9831659 Synonyms: NNC-26-0161；UNII-Y9M3S784Z6；Ipa ACETATE |
▎Ipamorelin Research
Molecular Background
Ipamorelin is a synthetic amidated pentapeptide with the sequence Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂. PubChem lists Ipamorelin under CID 9831659, with the molecular formula C38H49N9O5 and a molecular weight of approximately 711.9 g/mol. Published studies have characterized Ipamorelin as a growth hormone secretagogue acting at the ghrelin/growth hormone-secretagogue receptor system.[1,8]
Research Progress
Peter B. Johansen and colleagues administered Ipamorelin to adult female rats three times daily for 15 days and measured longitudinal growth rate using tetracycline labeling of the proximal tibia. The authors reported a dose-related increase in longitudinal growth rate and body-weight gain over the study period. Total IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins, serum markers of bone formation and resorption, and pituitary GH content were also evaluated. The study found no corresponding change in total IGF-I or the measured bone-turnover markers, while the GH response to an acute Ipamorelin challenge was modestly lower after repeated exposure. These findings were generated in a rat growth model under the dosing conditions used in the publication.[2]
Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld and colleagues evaluated Ipamorelin in a rat model of postoperative ileus produced by laparotomy and intestinal manipulation. Gastric emptying was measured using a radiolabeled meal, and separate gastric-fundus preparations were used to examine smooth-muscle contractile responses. The authors reported less gastric retention after intravenous Ipamorelin exposure than in vehicle-treated postoperative animals and observed changes in acetylcholine- and electrical-field-stimulated contractility in the isolated tissue experiments. The investigators interpreted the findings as consistent with a ghrelin-receptor-mediated response in this rodent model.[3]
Figure 1. Gastric-emptying measurements reported after Ipamorelin exposure in the rat postoperative-ileus model.[3]
The source figure compares gastric retention, geometric center, and movement of the radiolabeled meal in non-POI controls, vehicle-treated POI rats, and Ipamorelin study groups. Group size, study dose, route, statistical methods, and complete experimental procedures are reported in the original publication.[3]
Data and statistical annotations shown in the figure are reproduced from the cited study and describe the specific postoperative-ileus experiment only.[3]
J. Svensson and colleagues compared Ipamorelin, GHRP-6, growth hormone, and vehicle in 13-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats during a 12-week study. Bone measurements were obtained by DXA, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, Archimedes' principle, and ash-weight analysis. The authors reported higher body weight and total tibial and vertebral bone mineral content in the treatment groups compared with vehicle; however, bone mineral content corrected for body-weight gain was unchanged. The increase in cortical bone mineral content was associated with larger bone cross-sectional area rather than increased volumetric bone mineral density.[4]
Sabrina Lall and colleagues compared twice-daily Ipamorelin and growth hormone exposure in GH-deficient and GH-intact mice. The investigators measured body weight, fat-pad weight, relative body fat, serum leptin, and food intake. The authors reported a modest increase in body weight with Ipamorelin, together with higher relative fat-pad weight and body-fat measurements in selected mouse groups. GHS exposure, including Ipamorelin, was also associated with higher serum leptin and food intake in GH-intact mice. The study was designed to examine GH-independent metabolic responses in mouse models and does not establish effects in humans.[5]
Ian Ahnfelt-Rønne and colleagues examined the distribution of the related growth hormone secretagogues NN703 and GHRP-6 in rats and investigated the effect of gastrointestinal resection on GHRP-6-associated GH release. NN703 had been developed through a peptidomimetic program that included Ipamorelin as an intermediate lead compound, but the experiments reported in this publication did not directly administer Ipamorelin. The authors observed substantial localization of the tested secretagogues in the glandular stomach and a reduced GHRP-6-associated GH response after gastrointestinal resection. This paper therefore provides related GHS mechanistic context rather than direct evidence for Ipamorelin.[6]
Mallikarjun Gouda and C. B. Ganesh studied Ipamorelin acetate in male Oreochromis mossambicus for 21 days. The investigators evaluated food intake, testicular histology, gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity, androgen-receptor expression, and circulating luteinizing hormone and 11-ketotestosterone. They reported dose-related differences in food intake and several germ-cell populations, together with higher androgen-receptor expression and hormone concentrations in selected Ipamorelin acetate groups. No significant difference was found in the proportion of GnRH-immunoreactive fibers across the groups. These findings are specific to a fish reproductive model and to the acetate form used in the study.[7]
Fig2. Testicular histology and germ-cell quantification reported after Ipamorelin acetate exposure in Oreochromis mossambicus.[7]
The source figure shows seminiferous lobules and germ-cell populations in control fish and the Ipamorelin acetate study groups. Histological labels, group size, study doses, and experimental methods are reported in the original publication.[7]
Research Limitations
The studies summarized above were conducted primarily in rats, mice, isolated tissues, or fish and address different experimental questions. Results from these systems are not directly interchangeable. Species, receptor biology, chemical form, exposure route, study duration, and endpoint selection can materially affect the observations reported. In addition, the Ahnfelt-Rønne study evaluated NN703 and GHRP-6 rather than Ipamorelin itself, while the Gouda study used Ipamorelin acetate rather than the free-base compound.[6,7]
FDA has identified safety and characterization concerns for compounded Ipamorelin acetate intended for certain routes of administration, including potential immunogenicity associated with aggregation or peptide-related impurities and additional characterization complexity arising from unnatural amino acids. FDA also notes that a published clinical study of intravenous Ipamorelin reported serious adverse events, including death, while sufficient safety information for certain other injectable routes has not been identified.[9] These regulatory observations concern compounded drug use and do not establish the safety, efficacy, or equivalence of independently supplied laboratory research material.
COCER Peptides presents Ipamorelin solely for laboratory research and analytical use. It is not intended for human or veterinary use. The research described above summarizes findings reported in third-party publications and is not a statement of clinical efficacy, safety, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or an instruction for use.
