Semax 10mg

▎ Enzimba ya Semax

▎ Okunoonyereza kwa Semax

Semax kye ki?

Semax kirungo kya peptide ekikolebwa era nga kya kika kya nootropic. Ekitundu kyayo ekikulu ye analog ya thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), nga egattibwa wamu ne amino acids endala (nga valine ne leucine). Semax esobola okulongoosa emirimu gy’okutegeera ng’etereeza obusimu obutambuza obusimu (nga dopamine ne norepinephrine) mu nkola y’obusimu obw’omu makkati, omuli okutumbula okujjukira, okulongoosa okufaayo, n’obusobozi bw’okuyiga.

Semax y’akola mu kunoonyereza kuliwa?

Enkulaakulana eyesigamiziddwa ku bitundutundu bya ACTH: 

Semax ekolebwa ekitundu kya ACTH (4 - 7) ne tripeptide Pro - Gly - Pro (PGP). ACTH, kwe kugamba, obusimu obuyitibwa adrenocorticotropic hormone, busimu obufulumizibwa enseke y’omu maaso (anterior pituitary gland) era ekola kinene mu kulungamya enkola y’ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa adrenal cortex. Abanoonyereza beekenneenyezza ensengekera ya ACTH, ne bagiggyamu akatundu akagere (4 - 7), ne bagigatta ne tripeptide PGP okukola Semax. Enkola eno ey’okusengejja esobozesa Semax okusigaza ekitundu ku mirimu gya ACTH era nga nayo erina engeri ez’enjawulo ez’ebiramu ^[1]..

Okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bw’okusannyalala: 

Obulwadde bw’okusannyalala buzibu mu nkola y’obwongo obumanyiddwa olw’okukendeera kw’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo. Okukonziba kabonero kanene ak’obulwadde bw’okusannyalala, ebiseera ebisinga buva ku buvune ku bwongo. Wadde ng’eddagala erijjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala eririwo kati lirina ebikosa ebimu, era lirina ebikosa ebimu ku bulamu. Mu mbeera eno, abanoonyereza baatandika okunoonya enkola empya ez’obujjanjabi. Nga neuropeptide, Semax peptide ekola butereevu ku busimu obw’omu makkati era terina mirimu gya busimu, kale tejja kuleeta buzibu bubi ku bulamu. Kino kiwa ebipya ebisoboka mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala ^[2]..

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa ischemic stroke: 

Ischemic stroke bulwadde bwa maanyi, era olw’obungi bwayo n’omuwendo gw’abalema omungi, bulijjo bubadde businga kutunuulirwa mu kunoonyereza kw’abasawo. Semax peptide, olw’obusimu bwayo obw’okukuuma obusimu n’okukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, ekozesebwa mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bwa ischemic stroke. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Semax esobola okuziyiza okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obuzimba n’okukola okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obutambuza obusimu, bwe kityo n’ekola ebikolwa eby’okukuuma obusimu ku mitendera gy’okuwandiika ne puloteyina ^{[3, 4].}.

Obulagirizi obupya obw’okujjanjaba ekiwuubaalo: 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) ddagala eritera okukozesebwa okujjanjaba okwennyamira ng’oli lubuto, naye SSRIs zisobola okusalako enseke era ziyinza okukosa okukula kw’obwongo bw’omwana ali mu lubuto. Nga synthetic analog ya ACTH (4-10), Semax erina emirimu egyeyoleka egya nootropic ne neuroprotective. Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti Semax esobola okukendeeza ku nkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa n’obusimu mu nvunza ezireetebwa okukwatibwa amangu eddagala lya fluvoxamine, ne kiwa ekirowoozo ekipya ku kujjanjaba okwennyamira ^[5]..

Ebirungi ebiri mu bintu ebiyitibwa peptide: 

Semax kintu kya peptide ekikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo nga kirina enkola ey’enjawulo ey’okukola. Kisobola okukola butereevu ku busimu obw’omu makkati, okukola obutoffaali obumu mu bwongo, n’okukola ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde. Okugeza, mu nkola y’envunza ey’obulwadde bw’okusannyalala, Semax peptide esobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gwa MDA n’okukola puloteyina ssatu ezitakolebwa mu nvunza ezirina okusannyalala ^[2]..

Nga peptide efugira, ebyafaayo by’okunoonyereza ku Semax bisobola okulondoolebwa edda ennyo. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Semax erina essuubi ly’okukozesa mu buzibu bw’okujjukira, okukendeeza ku bulungibwansi bw’emirimu gy’obwongo, n’obulwadde bwa COVID oluvannyuma lw’obulwadde bwa COVID, ng’oggyeeko endwadde za somatoform ne psychosomatic ^[6]..

Okwekenenya enkyukakyuka mu ddaala lya puloteyina za pJNK ne pCREB mu kiseera ky’okujjanjaba ischemia ne Semax mu nsengekera z’omubiri (subcortical structures) ne frontoparietal cortex z’envunza ku ssaawa 24 oluvannyuma lwa tMCAO.

Ensibuko:PubMed ^{[4] .}

Enkola y’okukola kwa Semax mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala ekosa etya mu ngeri ey’enjawulo enkola y’obwongo?

Ekikolwa ekiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde

Semax alina eddagala eriziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde. Obulwadde bw’okusannyalala butera okuvaako okweyongera kw’okunyigirizibwa kw’okwokya mu bwongo, era Semax esobola okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obwongo obuva ku situleesi y’okwokya. Oxidative stress ejja kuleeta ebika bya oxygen ebisukkiridde ebikola, nga malondialdehyde (MDA). Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Semax esobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gwa MDA mu bwongo bw’envunza ezirina ekirwadde ky’okusannyalala okutuuka ku bitundu 40.46% ^[2] . Nga ekendeeza ku mutindo gwa MDA, Semax esobola okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kwa oxidative stress eri obusimu obuyitibwa neurons, bwe kityo n’ekuuma enkola y’obwongo.

Okusengejja obutoffaali bw’obwongo

Semax esobola okukola obutoffaali obumu mu bwongo. Mu kunoonyereza ku nvunza ezilwala okusannyalala, oluvannyuma lw’okujjanjabwa ne Semax, puloteyina ssatu ezitakolebwa mu nvunza ezilwala okusannyalala zakolebwa. Obuzito bwa molekyu za puloteyina zino buli 93.54kDa, 66.76kDa, ne 59.66kDa ^[2] . Ziyinza okukola emirimu emikulu mu kukuuma emirimu gy’obwongo egya bulijjo n’okuddaabiriza obusimu obuyitibwa neurons obwonooneddwa.

Enkola ku mutimbagano gw’obusimu bw’obwongo

Okuyita mu kunoonyereza mu mbeera y’okuwummula (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging) (resting-state FMRI), kizuuliddwa nti Semax erina akakwate ku mutimbagano gw’obusimu bw’obwongo. Mu kunoonyereza ku bannakyewa abalamu, bw’ogeraageranya n’ekibinja ekifuga, ekitundu ekinene ekya rostral (intermediate anterior cortex) sub-component of the default mode network kyazuulibwa mu kibinja kya Semax ^[7] . Kino kiraga nti Semax eyinza okulongoosa enkola y’obwongo ng’etereeza enkolagana n’emirimu gy’omukutu gw’obusimu bw’obwongo.

Semax bwe yafukibwa buli lunaku mu nvunza ezitera okukonziba okuva ku lunaku olw’omusanvu okutuuka ku lunaku olw’ekkumi n’olumu olw’obulamu, kyazuulibwa nti enkola y’okukonziba kw’amaloboozi kw’envunza yakyuka nga ziwezezza omwezi gumu, era eddagala lyombi lyali lisobola okutumbula obusimu mu hippocampal dentate gyrus. Ensengekera y’obusimu eyinza okuba nga yeekuusa ku kuyiga, okujjukira, n’okuddaabiriza emirimu gy’obwongo, era Semax eyinza okulongoosa enkola y’obwongo ng’etumbula enkola y’obusimu.

Semax bwe yafukibwa mu bika by’ebibe bitaano eby’abalongo (okuva ku lunaku olw’okubiri okutuuka ku lunaku olw’omusanvu olw’obulamu), kyakendeeza nnyo ku buzibu bw’okukonziba mu mbeba za DBA / 2J ez’omwezi gumu gwokka ^[8] . Kino era kiraga nti Semax eyinza okukosa enkola y’obwongo ng’ayita mu nkola ezimu n’okukendeeza ku buzibu bw’okulwala obulwadde bw’okusannyalala.

Obutakola mirimu gya busimu

Semax ye neuropeptide ekola butereevu ku busimu obw’omu makkati era nga terina mirimu gya busimu, kale tegenda kuleeta buzibu mu bulamu (Puspita R, 2018). Kino kiwa Semax ebirungi ebimu mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala, okwewala ebizibu ebiyinza okuva mu ddagala ly’ekinnansi eriweweeza ku bulwadde bw’okusannyalala.

Enkola ki entongole Semax gy’akozesa okulungamya enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri?

Okwongera ku makubo g’obubonero agakwatagana n’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri: 

Semax esobola okutumbula ekkubo ly’obubonero bw’okulaga antigen. Okwanjula antigen nkola nkulu eri abaserikale b’omubiri okutegeera n’okukola ku antigens ez’ebweru. Nga eyongera ku kkubo lino ery’obubonero, Semax esobola okutumbula okutegeera n’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri eri ebintu eby’ebweru nga obuwuka obuleeta endwadde ^[1] . Okugatta ku ekyo, Semax era esobola okunyweza enkola ya ischemia ku kkubo ly’obubonero bwa interferon. Interferon ekola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya mu kuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri, omuli antiviral, antitumor, n’okulungamya emirimu gy’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale. Okunyweza ekkubo ly’obubonero bwa interferon nga Semax kiyamba okulongoosa emirimu okutwalira awamu egy’abaserikale b’omubiri ^[1]..

Okufuga enkola y’okusengejja immunoglobulin: 

Semax eyongera nnyo ku kwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obuwandiika enjegere enzito eza immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins zikola kinene mu humoral immunity era zisobola okwesiba mu ngeri ey’enjawulo ku antigens, bwe kityo ne zimalawo ebintu eby’ebweru nga pathogens. Semax etumbula okukola kwa immunoglobulins, eziyamba okutumbula enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri mu humoral ^{[1] .}.

Okulungamya emirimu gy’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde: 

Semax erina kinene ky’ekola ku buzaale obuwandiika enkodi za cytokines, okuddamu ku situleesi, ne puloteyina za ribosomal. Cytokines zikola kinene mu kukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde era zisobola okulungamya okukula, okwawukana, n’okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Semax etereeza emirimu gy’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri nga ekwata ku kwolesebwa kw’obuzaale buno, bwe kityo n’etereeza enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri ^[1]..

Seamx ekozesebwa ki?

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bw’okusannyalala

Enkola ku busimu obuyitibwa neurons: 

Obulwadde bw’okusannyalala buzibu mu nkola y’obwongo obumanyiddwa olw’okukendeera kw’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo. Semax peptide ye neuropeptide ekola butereevu ku busimu obw’omu makkati era terimu mirimu gya busimu, kale tegenda kuba na buzibu ku bulamu. Semax esobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gwa MDA mu bwongo bw’envunza ezirina ekirwadde ky’okusannyalala. MDA kiraga nti lipid peroxidation, era emiwendo gya MDA egy’amaanyi gikwatagana ne oxidative stress n’okwonooneka kw’obutoffaali. Semax esobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gwa MDA mu bwongo bw’envunza ezirina okusannyalala okutuuka ku bitundu 40.46% ^[9]..

Okusengejja obutoffaali obukola omubiri: 

Semax era esobola okukola obutoffaali obumu mu bwongo bw’envunza ezilwala ekirwadde ky’okusannyalala. Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti Semax esobola okukola puloteyina ssatu ezaali tezaasooka kusengekebwa mu bwongo bw’envunza ezirina okusannyalala, era obuzito bwa molekyu za puloteyina zino buli 93.54 kDa, 66.76 kDa, ne 59.66 kDa ^[9]..

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa ischemic stroke

Okwongera ku biwandiiko by’obusimu obuyitibwa neurotrophin: 

Semax (MET-GLU - amino acid - phenylalanine - proline - glycine - proline) peptide kirungo kya melanocortin ekikoleddwa mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bwa ischemic stroke. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Semax esobola okutumbula okuwandiika kwa neurotrophins n’ebizikwata n’okukyusakyusa okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatibwako mu kuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri. Okwekenenya ensengeka ya RNA mu nsengekera y’obutonde bwonna kulaga nti mu nkola ya transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model mu nvunza, Semax eziyiza okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obuzimba era ekola okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obutambuza obusimu ^[4]..

Okulungamya okwolesebwa kwa puloteyina enkulu: 

essaawa 24 oluvannyuma lwa tMCAO, upregulation ya active CREB yalabibwa mu subcortical structures, omuli okussa essira ku ischemic obuvune; MMP - 9 ne c - fos zaali downregulated mu frontoparietal cortex eriraanyewo; wansi w’ekikolwa kya Semax, active JNK nayo yali downregulated mu bitundu bino ebibiri. Okuziyiza n’okuddamu okukola mu nkola z’okuzimba n’okufa kw’obutoffaali kuyinza okuyamba ku busimu obukuuma obusimu bwa Semax ku mitendera gy’okuwandiika ne puloteyina ^[4]..

Okumalawo situleesi ey’amaanyi

Okukendeeza ku bulumi: 

Mu nkola ya acute stress model, Semax erina akakwate akalala ku nneeyisa n’okuwulira obulumi bw’envunza. Mu nkola y’okunyigirizibwa kw’ebigere okutambula obutasalako n’okukaka okuwuga mu mazzi agannyogoga, byombi Semax ne opioid receptor antagonist naloxone bisobola okukendeeza ku situleesi-induced analgesia (SIA) mu inescapable foot shock stress model, naye tebikosa bulumi threshold mu forced water cold water swimming stress model ^[10]..

Tewali kikwata ku nkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa: 

Semax ne naloxone byombi tebikosa nneeyisa ya nvunza mu bikolwa ebyo waggulu eby’okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi ^[10]..

Okulongoosa okujjukira n’okussaayo omwoyo: 

Semax esobola okusitula okujjukira okukola n’okufaayo kw’ebisolo n’abantu ebigezeseddwa, okwongera okuziyiza obulwadde bwa hypoxia, n’okulongoosa entambula y’omusaayi mu bwongo. Semax erongoosa nnyo okujjukira n’okufaayo kw’abantu abalamu mu mbeera z’okukola ennyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, mu kiseera kino Semax ekozesebwa bulungi okujjanjaba abalwadde abalina endwadde ez’enjawulo ez’obusimu obw’omu makkati. Ebiseera ebisinga, peptide eno eraga ebirungi awatali kuleeta bikolwa bibi oba ebizibu ebikwatagana n’okugiwa ^[11]..

Mu kumaliriza, nga ekirungo kya peptide ekikoleddwa, Semax eraga ebikolwa ebinene eby’okuwonya mu bitundu by’okusannyalala, okusannyalala kw’omusaayi, situleesi ey’amaanyi, n’okulemererwa kw’okutegeera okuyita mu nkola eziwera nga okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obusimu obuyitibwa neurotrophins (nga BDNF) n’ebikwata byabyo (TrkB), okuziyiza okuddamu kw’okuzimba, okuziyiza okunyigirizibwa okw’okwokya, n’okukyusakyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde. Era kiyinza okulongoosa enkola y’obusimu okuddamu okukola, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obwongo, n’okutumbula okujjukira n’okussaayo omwoyo.

Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi

Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.

Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal

Sudarkina OY munoonyereza alina akakwate ku National Research Center - Kurchatov Institute ne Russian Academy of Sciences. Okunoonyereza kwe kukwata ku bintu bya ssaayansi ebiwerako, omuli Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Genetics & Heredity, ne Chemistry. Akoze kinene nnyo mu by’obutonde, okuzaala molekyu, ne molekyu y’ebimera. Omulimu gwe guzingiramu okunoonyereza ku nkola z’obuzaale, enkolagana ya molekyu, n’enkola z’ebiramu eziwanirira ebintu eby’enjawulo eby’ebiramu. Okuyita mu kunoonyereza kwe, agenderera okutumbula okutegeera kwaffe ku nkola zino enzibu n’okukola eby’okugonjoola ebiyiiya okusobola okukozesebwa mu nkola mu bulimi, eddagala, n’amakolero amalala. Sudarkina OY ewandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [4].

▎ Ebiwandiiko Ebikwatagana

[1] Medvedeva E. V., Dmitrieva V. G., Limborska S. A., n’abalala. Semax, analog ya ACTH(4-7), etereeza okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale bw’okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu kiseera ky’obuvune bw’obwongo obuyitibwa ischemic brain injury mu nvunza[J]. Obuzaale bwa molekyu n'obuzaale, 2017,292 (3): 635-653.DOI: 10.1007 / s00438-017-1297-1.

[2] Puspita R, Pratamastuti D, Safitri A, n’abalala. Amaanyi g’obujjanjabi bwa Semax Peptide okutuuka ku MDA Level ne Protein Profile mu Nvunza ezilwaza ekirwadde ky’okusannyalala (Rattus norvegicus), 2018 [C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90160574. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi

[3] Dergunova LV, Dmitrieva VG, Filippenkov I. B., n’abalala. Eddagala lya Peptide ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax) Linyigiriza ebiwandiiko bya mRNA ebiwandiika enkodi z’abatabaganya abazimba ebireetebwa Ischemia ekyukakyuka ey’obwongo bw’envunza[J]. Ebiramu mu molekyu, 2021, 55 (3): 346-353.DOI: 10.1134 / S0026893321010040.

[4] Sudarkina OY, Filippenkov I. B., Stavchansky V. V., n’abalala. Obwongo Protein Expression Profile Ekakasa Obukuumi Effect ya ACTH (4-7) PGP Peptide (Semax) mu Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion[J]. Ekitabo ky’ensi yonna ekya Sayansi wa Molekyulu, 2021,22 (12).DOI:10.3390/ijms22126179.

[5] Glazova NY, Manchenko D. M., Volodina M. A., n’abalala. Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, ekendeeza ku nkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa n’obusimu oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa fluvoxamine mu bulamu obusookerwako mu nvunza enjeru[J]. Obusimu obuyitibwa Neuropeptides, 2021,86.DOI:10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114.

[6] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. Semax-okukozesa essuubi (obubaka mu bufunze okulambika).[J]. Eddagala ly’obujjanjabi n’eddagala, 2021.DOI:https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513.

[7] Lebedeva I. S., Panikratova Y. R., Sokolov O. Y., n’abalala. Ebikolwa bya Semax ku Default Mode Network y’obwongo[J]. Bulletin y'okugezesa ebiramu n'obusawo, 2018,165 (5): 653-656.DOI: 10.1007 / s10517-018-4234-3.

[8] Boyarshinova O. S., Perepelkina O. V., Markina N. V., n’abalala. Audiogenic Epilepsy mu mbeba ento ez’ebika eby’enjawulo oluvannyuma lw’okujjanjabwa neonatal Semax[J]. Bulletin y'okugezesa ebiramu n'obusawo, 2008,146 (1): 86-88.DOI: 10.1007 / s10517-008-0212-5.

[9] Puspita R. Semax okujjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala[M]. 2020.DOI:10.31219/osf.io/hcn3g.

[10] Glazova NY, Manchenko D. M., Vilensky D. A., n’abalala. Ebikolwa bya Semax mu bikolwa by’envunza eby’okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Ebiramu n'Ebyobulamu, 2023,59 (1): 200-212.DOI: 10.1134 / S0022093023010179.

[11] Ashmarin I. P., Nezavibatko V. N., Myasoedov N. F., n’abalala. Nootropic analogue of adrenocorticotropin 4-10-semax (obumanyirivu mu kukola dizayini n’okunoonyereza okumala emyaka 15)[J]. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I. P. Pavlova, 1997, 47 (2): 420-430. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9173745/ Enkola y'okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.

EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA BYOKA.  

Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.