Pinealon 20 mg

▎ Pinealon Structure

Source: PubChem

Sequence: EDR Molecular Formula: C 15H 26N 6O8 Molecular Luj:   418.40 g / mol CAS Nr .: 175175-23-2 PIB: 102735022 Synonyms: glutamyl-aspartyl-arginine

▎ Pinealon Kev Tshawb Fawb

Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Pinealon yog dab tsi?

Pinealon pib los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tob ntawm lub cev kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas pineal. Tau ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kab mob endocrine no, lub caj pas pineal. Txawm hais tias nws yog me me, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj lub cev lub cev lub cev thiab lwm yam. Kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov pom tias lub caj pas pineal tuaj yeem zais ntau yam khoom siv bioactive, uas txhawb cov neeg tshawb nrhiav kev txaus siab los tshawb txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm nws. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis ntawm polypeptide, tib neeg tau ua tiav kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau lub caj pas pineal. Raws li ib qho hluavtaws tripeptide, Pinealon tau cais thiab txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntsiab lus no. Cov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los kuj suav nrog kev txhawj xeeb txog ntau yam kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, teeb meem kev laus, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias yuav nrhiav tau txoj hauv kev zoo los txhim kho lub hlwb thiab ncua kev laus, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Pinealon tau coj kev cia siab tshiab los daws cov teeb meem no, yog li pib tshawb fawb txog nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Pinealon?

Inhibiting lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm reactive oxygen hom

Pinealon qhia txog kev txwv koob tshuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) hauv cerebellar granule hlwb, neutrophils, thiab pheochromocytoma (PC12) hlwb induced los ntawm receptor-dependent lossis ywj siab oxidative stimuli (Khavinson V, 2011). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Los ntawm inhibiting lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm ROS, Pinealon pab tswj lub cev lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb thiab txo cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm oxidative puas hlwb rau cov hlwb.

Txo cov necrotic cell tuag

 Pinealon tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tuag ntawm tes necrotic ntsuas los ntawm propidium iodide assay ^[1] . Qhov no txhais tau hais tias Pinealon tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm kev tuag thiab tswj xyuas cov cell viability. Nws cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav suav nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cell tuag taw qhia txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov kev pab cuam necrosis.

Ua kom ERK 1/2 thiab tswj lub voj voog ntawm tes

Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv ntawm Pinealon yog nrog los ntawm kev ua kom ERK 1/2 thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tes ^[1] . ERK 1/2 yog ib qho tseem ceeb intracellular teeb liab transduction molecule, thiab nws ua kom muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa cell proliferation, sib txawv, thiab ciaj sia taus. Kev ua kom ERK 1/2 los ntawm Pinealon tuaj yeem yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau nws kom ua rau nws lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, Pinealon tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm lub voj voog ntawm tes, uas tuaj yeem pab cov hlwb kho lawv tus kheej thiab tswj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob zoo thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab.

Muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov genome ntawm tes

Txij li thaum qhov kev txwv ntawm ROS tsub zuj zuj thiab kev tuag ntawm tes yog saturated ntawm qis concentrations, thaum txoj cai ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau dua ntawm Pinealon, nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias ntxiv rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant paub, Pinealon tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog lub cell genome ^[1] . Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov genome ntawm tes yuav koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov noob qhia, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov hlwb.

Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov ntawm Pinealon?

1. Txhim kho kev nco

Kev nco yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb, thiab Pinealon tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev tsim thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm kev nco. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurotransmitters, txhawb cov paj hlwb, thiab txhim kho synaptic plasticity.

Pinealon tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb, thiab cov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau lub tshuab. Kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob neural qia hlwb, yog li ua kom muaj cov paj hlwb tshiab ^[2] . Neural qia hlwb muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tus kheej rov ua dua tshiab thiab sib txawv rau ntau hom paj hlwb, thiab lawv cov kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov paj hlwb puas lossis laus laus thiab txhim kho cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Pinealon tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb los ntawm kev tswj cov kev qhia ntawm neurotrophic yam. Neurotrophic yam yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov proteins uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ciaj sia, kev loj hlob, thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov paj hlwb. Lawv tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm axonal, tsim synapse, thiab neuron ciaj sia ntawm cov paj hlwb ^[3].

Tsis tas li ntawd, Pinealon txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb kuj pab txhim kho kev txawj ntse. Cov ntshav khiav zoo tuaj yeem muab lub hlwb nrog cov pa oxygen txaus thiab cov as-ham thiab tswj cov metabolism thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov paj hlwb. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv lub hlwb los ntawm dilating cerebral cov hlab ntsha thiab ua kom cov ntshav cerebral txaus. Rau cov tsos mob xws li Alzheimer's kab mob thiab tsis nco qab, cov nyhuv ntawm Pinealon tuaj yeem pw hauv nws lub peev xwm los txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm neurodegeneration qeeb. Cov kab mob neurodegenerative xws li Alzheimer's kab mob feem ntau yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov pauv xws li paj hlwb tuag, synaptic poob, thiab neuroinflammation. Pinealon tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob no los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb thiab tswj cov kab mob neuroinflammation ^[4].

2. Kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav tsis zoo

Kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav tsis zoo xws li kev ntxhov siab ntev, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb, ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev paub tsis meej. Pinealon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev xav ntawm lub paj hlwb los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurotransmitters, txo cov lus teb inflammatory, thiab txhawb cov paj hlwb rov qab los ^[5] . Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Pinealon tuaj yeem txhim kho cov teeb meem kev xav xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab thiab txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov neeg mob.

3. tswj kev pw tsaug zog

Pinealon tuaj yeem tswj hwm tib neeg lub cev lub sijhawm lom neeg thiab txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones pw tsaug zog, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo thiab txo cov tsos mob insomnia.

Cov tshuaj hormones pw tsaug zog feem ntau yog hais txog melatonin, uas yog cov tshuaj hormones zais los ntawm lub caj pas pineal thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj lub voj voog pw tsaug zog. Pinealon tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm melatonin los ntawm kev tswj cov haujlwm ntawm lub caj pas pineal ^[6] . Lub caj pas pineal yog ib qho kab mob endocrine nyob hauv lub hlwb. Nws yog heev rhiab heev rau lub teeb-dub voj voog. Nws yuav zais melatonin nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus ntuj los txhawb kev pw tsaug zog, thaum nws yuav inhibit qhov tso tawm ntawm melatonin nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lub teeb los txhawb kev wakefulness.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev pw tsaug zog tswj cov nyhuv ntawm Pinealon kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau nws lwm yam kev tswj hwm ntawm lub paj hlwb. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov kab mob neurotransmitter hauv lub hlwb, xws li serotonin thiab dopamine, uas tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kev pw tsaug zog ^[7] . Serotonin yog ib qho neurotransmitter ze ze rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev xws li kev xav, pw tsaug zog, thiab qab los noj mov. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev pw tsaug zog thiab daws teeb meem kev xav xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab. Dopamine yog ib qho neurotransmitter ze ze rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev xws li khoom plig, kev txhawb siab, thiab kev saib xyuas. Nws tuaj yeem tswj qhov tob thiab zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog.

4. Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv

Pinealon tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub hlwb thiab cov molecules, suav nrog cov qe ntshav dawb, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cytokines, thiab lwm yam. Cov hlwb thiab cov molecules no ua haujlwm ua ke kom paub txog thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob.

Pinealon tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm ntau lub tshuab. Nws tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li lymphocytes thiab macrophages, thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob, kev sib txawv, thiab kev ua haujlwm ^[8] . Lymphocytes yog cov hlwb tseem ceeb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom xws li T hlwb, B hlwb, thiab cov hlwb tua neeg, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral. Macrophages yog ib hom phagocyte uas tuaj yeem phagocytose thiab zom cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab tseem tso cov cytokines los tswj cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev.

Hauv kev xaus, Pinealon muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho lub hlwb kev txawj ntse. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco thiab kev mloog zoo, ua rau tib neeg ua tau zoo hauv kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg mob hlwb. Hais txog kev tswj kev pw tsaug zog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub moos lom neeg ua haujlwm ib txwm, txo cov teeb meem insomnia, thiab txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog zoo, muab kev lav phib xaub rau lub cev rov qab thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv pab tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Altschule M yog tus kws kho mob tseem ceeb thiab kws tshawb fawb. Nws tau txais nws daim ntawv kho mob los ntawm Harvard Medical School nyob rau xyoo 1932. Altschule tau ua haujlwm raws li kws kho mob kws kho mob ntawm Harvard Medical School thiab yog tus thawj coj ntawm Internal Medicine thiab tshawb fawb hauv Clinical Psychology ntawm McLean Tsev Kho Mob hauv Belmont, Massachusetts, los ntawm 1947 txog 1968. Nws cov kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob plawv, nrog rau cov kab mob plawv, thiab cov kab mob plawv. endocrine system.

Altschule tau sau ntau yam kev tshaj tawm thiab phau ntawv. Ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog 'Pineal,' luam tawm xyoo 1969 hauv JAMA. Kab lus no, tau sau nrog Julian I. Kitay, muab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tob ntawm lub caj pas pineal lub cev thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam txheej txheem physiological. Altschule qhov kev koom tes rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm kho mob tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau kev kho mob sab hauv thiab endocrinology.

Altschule M tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj [2].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1]    Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, et al. Pinealon Ua kom muaj zog ntawm tes los ntawm kev txwv cov qib dawb radicals thiab ua kom muaj cov txheej txheem proliferative [J]. Rejuvenation Research, 2011,14(5):535-541.DOI:10.1089/rej.2011.1172.

[2]    Altschule M. The Pineal[J]. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 1969,208:1193.DOI:10.1001/jama.1969.03 16007007103 0.

[3]    Chlubek D, Sikora M. Fluoride and Pineal Gland[J]. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, 2020, 10: 2885. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219100653.

[4]    Arutjunyan A, Kozina L, Stvolinskiy S, et al. Pinealon tiv thaiv cov nas cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm prenatal hyperhomocysteineemia [J]. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2012,5(2):179-185.

[5]    Rao Y, Medini E, Haselow RE, et al. Pineal thiab ectopic pineal qog - lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob kho[J]. Cancer, 1981,48(3):708-713.DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(19810801)48:3<708::AID-CNCR2820480308>3.0.CO;2-S.

[6]    Huang P, Wu Z. Muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv Melatonin ntawm Alzheimer's Disease Los ntawm Kev Tswj Kev Pw Tsaug Zog thiab Circadian Rhythms[J]. 2022 International Conference On Biotechnology, Life Science thiab Medical Engineering (Blsme 2022), 2022. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248936297.

[7]    de Souza CAP, Nishino FA, Do Amaral FG, et al. Pineal Microdialysis[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2022,2550:63-74.DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_9.

[8]    Bharti VK, Pandi-Perumal SR, Subramanian P. Pineal Gland Physiology and Aging-Related Alterations in the Circadian Timing System[M]//Jagota A. Pw tsaug zog thiab Clocks nyob rau hauv kev laus thiab ntev. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023: 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22468-3_11

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.