Research Ubushakashatsi bwa Pinealon
Ni ubuhe bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Pinealon?
Pinealon ikomoka mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwimikorere ya physiologique ya pineine. Kuva kera, abahanga bashishikajwe cyane nuru rugingo rudasanzwe rwa endocrine, glande. Nubwo ari ntoya mubunini, igira uruhare runini mugutunganya injyana yumubiri yumubiri nibindi bice. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwerekanye ko gineine ishobora gusohora ibintu bitandukanye bioaktike, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abashakashatsi bashishikarira gushakisha ibice bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zabyo. Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji yubushakashatsi bwa polypeptide, abantu bashoboye gukora isesengura rirambuye ryibintu bifitanye isano na gineine. Nka tripeptide ya syntetique, Pinealon yitaruye kandi imenyekana muriki gice. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe burimo kandi impungenge zijyanye n'indwara zitandukanye zifata imitsi, ibibazo bijyanye no gusaza, nibindi. Abahanga biteze ko bazabona uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza imikorere yubwonko no gutinda gusaza, kandi kuvuka kwa Pinealon byazanye ibyiringiro bishya byo gukemura ibyo bibazo, bityo bigatangira ubushakashatsi kuri yo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora bwa Pinealon?
Kubuza kwirundanya kwubwoko bwa ogisijeni ikora
Pinealon yerekana urugero rushingiye ku kugabanya uburyo bwo kwegeranya amoko ya ogisijeni (ROS) mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya granule granule, neutrophile, na pheochromocytoma (PC12) iterwa na reseptor cyangwa biterwa na okiside itera imbaraga (Khavinson V, 2011). Ibi byerekana ko igira uruhare runini mukurwanya okiside kandi irashobora kugabanya kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo ziterwa na stress ya okiside. Muguhagarika ikwirakwizwa rya ROS, Pinealon ifasha kugumana imikorere isanzwe ya physiologique yingirabuzimafatizo kandi igabanya ingaruka ziterwa na okiside yangiza selile.
Kugabanya urupfu rwa selile
Pinealon irashobora kugabanya urupfu rwa selile nérotic yapimwe na propidium iodide assay [1] . Ibi bivuze ko Pinealon ishobora kurinda selile iterabwoba ryurupfu kandi ikagumana ubuzima bwimikorere. Uburyo bwihariye bwibikorwa bushobora kuba bukubiyemo kugenzura urupfu rwerekana inzira yo kubuza ingirabuzimafatizo kwinjira muri gahunda ya nérosose.
Gukora ERK 1/2 no kugenzura ingirabuzimafatizo
Ingaruka zo gukingira Pinealon iherekejwe no gukora ERK 1/2 hamwe nigihe cyigihe cyo gutinda kwingirabuzimafatizo [1] . ERK 1/2 ningirakamaro ya molekile yerekana ibimenyetso, kandi kuyikora birashobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ry'uturemangingo, gutandukana, no kubaho. Gukora ERK 1/2 na Pinealon birashobora kuba bumwe muburyo bwingenzi kugirango bugire ingaruka zo kurinda selile. Byongeye kandi, Pinealon irashobora kandi kugenga ingirabuzimafatizo, ishobora gufasha ingirabuzimafatizo kwisana no gukomeza gukura no gutera imbere bisanzwe mugihe uhangayitse.
Imikoranire ishoboka na selile genome
Kubera ko kugabanuka kwa ROS no gupfa kwakagari byuzuyemo imbaraga nkeya, mugihe amategeko agenga ingirabuzimafatizo akomeje kuba hejuru ya Pinealon, dushobora kwemeza ko usibye ibikorwa bizwi na antioxydeant, Pinealon ishobora no gukorana na genome selile [1] . Iyi mikoranire na genome selile irashobora kuba ikubiyemo kugenzura imiterere ya gene, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikorere ya physiologique na metabolike ya selile.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na Pinealon?
1. Kunoza kwibuka
Kwibuka ni kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byubwonko, kandi Pinealon irashobora kugira uruhare runini mugushinga no gushimangira kwibuka. Irashobora kunoza imikorere yibikorwa binyuze muburyo nko kugenzura uburinganire bwa neurotransmitter, guteza imbere imitsi, no kongera plastike ya synaptique.
Pinealon irashobora guteza imbere gukura no gusana ingirabuzimafatizo, kandi iyi ngaruka irashobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwinshi. Gukura no gusana ingirabuzimafatizo ni ingenzi mu gukomeza imirimo isanzwe y'ubwonko. Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora gutera imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo ngengabuzima, bityo bikongera kubyara ingirabuzimafatizo nshya [2] . Ingirabuzimafatizo ngengabuzima zifite ubushobozi bwo kwivugurura no gutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye bwingirabuzimafatizo, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryayo no gutandukana kwayo bishobora kuzuza ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse cyangwa zishaje kandi bikanoza imiterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko. Ku rundi ruhande, Pinealon irashobora guteza imbere gukura no gusana ingirabuzimafatizo zigenga imiterere ya neurotrophique. Ibintu bya Neurotrophique ni urwego rwa poroteyine zigira uruhare runini mu kubaho, gukura, no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo. Zishobora guteza imbere imikurire ya axon, gukora synaps, hamwe na neuron kubaho kwingirabuzimafatizo [3].
Byongeye kandi, Pinealon kunoza umuvuduko wamaraso mubwonko nabyo bifasha kongera ubushobozi bwubwenge. Gutembera neza kwamaraso birashobora guha ubwonko ogisijene nintungamubiri zihagije kandi bikagumana metabolisme isanzwe nimirimo ya selile nervice. Irashobora kuzamura umuvuduko wamaraso mubwonko mugukwirakwiza imiyoboro yubwonko bwubwonko no kongera amaraso yubwonko. Kubimenyetso nkindwara ya Alzheimer no gutakaza kwibuka, ingaruka za Pinealon zishobora kuba mubushobozi bwayo bwo kunoza imikorere ya neurobiologique yubwonko no kudindiza inzira ya neurodegeneration. Indwara zifata ubwonko nkindwara ya Alzheimer zisanzwe ziherekejwe nimpinduka ziterwa nindwara nkurupfu rwimitsi, gutakaza synaptic, na neuroinflammation. Pinealon irashobora kugabanya ibyo bimenyetso ikoresheje uburyo nko guteza imbere imikurire no gusana ingirabuzimafatizo no kugenzura neuroinflammation [4].
2. Impamvu zikabije zo mumitekerereze no mumarangamutima
Impamvu zikabije zo mumitekerereze no mumarangamutima nko guhangayika igihe kirekire, guhangayika, no kwiheba bishobora kwangiza sisitemu y'imitsi, biganisha kubibazo nko kudakora neza. Pinealon irashobora kunoza ingaruka ziterwa na psychologue n’amarangamutima bikabije kuri sisitemu ya nervice binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura imiterere ya neurotransmitter, kugabanya igisubizo cy’umuriro, no guteza imbere imitekerereze mishya [5] . Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko Pinealon ishobora guteza ibibazo byamarangamutima nko guhangayika no kwiheba no kuzamura ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’abarwayi.
3. Kugenga ibitotsi
Pinealon irashobora kugenga isaha yumubiri yumubiri wumuntu no guteza imbere imisemburo ya hormone yo gusinzira, ifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere ibitotsi no kugabanya ibimenyetso byo kudasinzira.
Imisemburo yo gusinzira yerekeza cyane cyane kuri melatonine, ikaba ari imisemburo isohorwa na glande ya pinusi kandi ikagira uruhare runini mugutunganya ukwezi-gusinzira. Pinealon irashobora guteza imbere ururenda rwa melatonine muguhindura imikorere ya gine ya pineine [6] . Indwara ya pineal ni urugingo rwa endocrine ruherereye mu bwonko. Irumva cyane urumuri-rwijimye. Isohora melatonine ahantu hijimye kugirango iteze imbere ibitotsi, mugihe izabuza gusohora melatonine ahantu horoheje kugirango iteze imbere gukanguka.
Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zo gusinzira za Pinealon zishobora no kuba zifitanye isano nizindi ngaruka zayo zigenga sisitemu y'imitsi. Kurugero, irashobora kugenga sisitemu ya neurotransmitter mubwonko, nka serotonine na dopamine, nayo igira uruhare runini mugutunganya ibitotsi [7] . Serotonine ni neurotransmitter ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'imikorere ya physiologique nk'amarangamutima, ibitotsi, no kurya. Irashobora guteza imbere ibitotsi no kugabanya ibibazo byamarangamutima nko guhangayika no kwiheba. Dopamine ni neurotransmitter ifitanye isano cyane nimirimo ya physiologique nko guhemba, gushishikara, no kwitabwaho. Irashobora kugenga ubujyakuzimu nubwiza bwibitotsi.
4. Kongera ubudahangarwa
Pinealon irashobora gukangura ibikorwa bya selile sisitemu yumubiri no kunoza imikorere yumubiri. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni uburyo bwo kwirinda umubiri, bugizwe na selile na molekile zitandukanye, harimo selile yera, antibodies, cytokine, nibindi. Izi selile na molekile zikorana kugirango zimenye kandi zikureho virusi zitera umubiri kandi zirinde umubiri indwara n'indwara.
Pinealon irashobora gukangura ibikorwa bya selile yumubiri ikoresheje uburyo bwinshi. Irashobora gukora mu buryo butaziguye ingirabuzimafatizo z'umubiri, nka lymphocytes na macrophage, kandi igateza imbere ikwirakwizwa ryayo, itandukaniro, n'ibikorwa [8] . Lymphocytes ni selile zingenzi mumikorere yubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butandukanye nka T selile, B selile, na selile selile zica, bigira uruhare mubudahangarwa bw'umubiri hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'urwenya. Macrophage ni ubwoko bwa fagocyte ishobora gutera fagocytose no gusya ibyorezo byangiza umubiri kandi ikanasohora cytokine kugirango igenzure imikorere yubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
Mu gusoza, Pinealon igira ingaruka zidasanzwe mugutezimbere imikorere yubwonko. Irashobora kongera neza kwibuka no kwitabwaho, igafasha abantu gukora neza mukwiga no mukazi, cyane cyane bifite akamaro kanini kubantu bageze mu za bukuru ndetse n’abarwayi bafite ubwonko. Kubijyanye no kugenzura ibitotsi, irashobora gutuma isaha yibinyabuzima ikora mubisanzwe, ikagabanya ibibazo byo kudasinzira, kandi igahindura ireme ryibitotsi, itanga garanti yumubiri gukira no kubungabunga imikorere. Ibiranga kongera ubudahangarwa bifasha umubiri wumuntu kurwanya igitero cyindwara zitandukanye kandi bigabanya ibyago byindwara.
Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi
Ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru byose byakorewe ubushakashatsi, byahinduwe kandi byakozwe na Cocer Peptides.
Umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru
Altschule M yari umushakashatsi wimenyereza umwuga kandi wubushakashatsi. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y'ubuvuzi yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi rya Harvard mu 1932. Altschule yabaye Porofeseri w’Ubuvuzi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard, kandi yari Umuyobozi w’Ubuvuzi bw’imbere n’ubushakashatsi muri Clinical Psychology mu bitaro bya McLean i Belmont, muri Massachusetts, kuva mu 1947 kugeza mu 1968. Inyungu z’ubushakashatsi yakoze zishingiye ku ngingo zitandukanye, harimo na sisitemu y’umutima, imitsi, ndetse na sisitemu ya endocrine.
Altschule yanditse ibitabo n'ibitabo byinshi. Kimwe mu bikorwa bye bizwi ni 'The Pineal, ' cyasohotse mu 1969 muri JAMA. Iyi ngingo, yanditswe na Julian I. Kitay, itanga isubiramo ryimbitse ryimiterere ya pineine glande ningaruka zayo muburyo butandukanye bwimiterere. Umusanzu wa Altschule mu bushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi no mu burezi wasize ingaruka zirambye ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bw'imbere na endocrinology.
Altschule M iri kurutonde rwibisobanuro [2].
