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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
| Omuwendo: | |
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▎ Enzimba y’ekikomo-cu
Ensibuko: PubChem |
Omutendera: Gly-His-Lys Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 28H 46CuN 12O8 Obuzito bwa molekyu: 742.3g/mol Ennamba ya CAS: 130120-56-8 PubChem CID: 9831891. Omuntu w’abantu Ebifaanagana: Ekikomo kya Bisprezatide;DL1TR6W6VM |
▎ ku kikomo-cu Okunoonyereza
Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza eya Copper-cu eri etya?
Enkulaakulana y’okunoonyereza ku Active Peptides:
Okuva mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri, okunoonyereza ku biwuka ebiyitibwa bioactive peptides mu kitundu kya ssaayansi w’obulamu kweyongera buli kiseera. Bannasayansi bazze bakitegeera mpolampola nti peptides zikola kinene nnyo mu biramu. Si bitundu bya puloteyina byokka wabula era zirina emirimu egy’obutonde egy’enjawulo era zeetaba mu kulungamya enkola ez’enjawulo ez’omubiri gw’ebiramu, gamba ng’okukula kw’obutoffaali, okwawukana, n’okukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde. Okutegeera kuno okw’obuziba okwa peptides kuwa omusingi gw’enzikiriziganya n’obulagirizi bw’okunoonyereza okuzuula n’okunoonyereza ku Copper-cu.
Okunoonyereza ku bitundu bya Plasma:
Mu kunoonyereza mu bujjuvu ku bitundu bya pulasima y’omuntu, bannassaayansi beewaddeyo okwekenneenya ebitonde n’emirimu gya molekyu ez’enjawulo ez’ebiramu mu pulasima. Ng’amazzi amakulu ag’omubiri mu mubiri gw’omuntu, pulasima erimu obutoffaali obw’enjawulo, peptides, hormones, electrolytes, n’ebintu ebirala, era nga kye kifo ekikulu eky’okukuuma emirimu gy’omubiri egya bulijjo egy’omubiri gw’omuntu. Mu myaka gya 1970, abanoonyereza baazuula mu butanwa ekintu eky’enjawulo ekiyitibwa tripeptide nga beetegereza puloteyina za plasma. Omutendera gwayo ogwa amino asidi ye glycyl-histidyl-lysine, kwe kugamba GHK. Okuzuula kuno kwaleetawo okwagala okunene mu bannassaayansi era ne kibaleetera okwongera okunoonyereza ku mulimu n’engeri za tripeptide eno mu plasma.
Amakulu g’ebiramu aga Ayoni z’Ekikomo:
Mu kiseera kye kimu, omulimu omukulu ogwa ion z’ekikomo mu biology guzze gusikiriza mpolampola. Ekikomo kye kimu ku bintu ebikulu ebitonotono mu mubiri gw’omuntu era kyetaba mu nkola nnyingi ez’obutonde. Kitundu oba ekikola enziyiza nnyingi ezikulu era kikola kinene nnyo mu kukuuma enkyukakyuka ya bulijjo ey’obutoffaali, okussa, n’okusengejja kolagini. Mu kunoonyereza ku mirimu gy’ebiramu egya ayoni z’ekikomo, bannassaayansi baazuula nti ayoni z’ekikomo zisobola okwesiba ku bintu ebimu ebya peptide okukola ebizibu ebirina emirimu egy’enjawulo egy’ebiramu. Okuzuula kuno kuwa ekisumuluzo ekikulu eky’okunoonyereza ku kusiba kwa GHK ne ion z’ekikomo n’emirimu gyazo egiyinza okukolebwa.
Okutumbula okunoonyereza okwekuusa ku kukaddiwa:
Olw’enkulaakulana y’abantu n’ekizibu ekyeyongera okulabika eky’okukaddiwa kw’abantu, okunoonyereza okwekuusa ku kukaddiwa kufuuse omulamwa omukulu mu kisaawe kya ssaayansi w’obulamu. Bannasayansi bagezaako okuzuula ebiraga obulamu n’ebintu ebifuga ebikwatagana ennyo n’enkola y’okukaddiwa okuzuula enkola y’okukaddiwa n’okunoonyereza ku nkola z’okulwawo okukaddiwa. Mu mbeera eno, kizuuliddwa nti obungi bwa Copper-cu mu mubiri gw’omuntu bukendeera mpolampola n’emyaka, ekitegeeza nti Copper-cu eyinza okuba n’akakwate akatono n’enkola y’okukaddiwa. Okuzuula kuno kwongera okusitula abanoonyereza okukola okunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza ku nsibuko, enkola, n’okukozesebwa kwa Copper-cu mu by’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa, era kitumbula enkulaakulana egenda mu maaso ey’okunoonyereza okukwatagana.
Enkola y’okukola kwa Copper-cu eri etya?
Okutumbula Okuddaabiriza n’okuzza obuggya ebitundu by’omubiri:
Okusitula Okukula kw’Emisuwa n’Obusimu:
Okunoonyereza okuliwo kulaga nti Copper-cu esobola okusitula okukula kw’emisuwa n’obusimu. Kiyinza okutuuka ku kikolwa kino nga kitereeza ensonga ezenjawulo ez’okukula n’amakubo agalaga obubonero. Okugeza, kiyinza okutumbula okwolesebwa kw’ensonga y’okukula kw’emisuwa (VEGF), bwe kityo ne kisitula okukola emisuwa [1] . Mu nsonga z’okukula kw’obusimu, kiyinza okutumbula obulamu, okukula, n’okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’obusimu mu bitundu by’omubiri (axon growth) nga kikwata ku molekyo z’obubonero ezikwatagana n’okukula kw’obusimu.
Okwongera ku Kusengejja Kolagini, Elastin, ne Glycosaminoglycans:
Copper-cu esobola okwongera ku kukola kwa kolagini, elastin, ne glycosaminoglycans. Kolajeni kitundu kikulu nnyo mu bitundu by’omubiri ng’olususu n’amagumba, elastin ewa ebitundu by’omubiri obugumu, ate glycosaminoglycans zikola kinene mu kukuuma obunnyogovu n’obugumu bw’ebitundu. Enkola entongole eyinza okuzingiramu okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’amakubo g’obubonero, gamba ng’okukola ensonga ezenjawulo ez’okuwandiika mu fibroblasts okutumbula okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’okusengejja kolagini [1]..
Okuwagira Enkola ya Dermal Fibroblasts:
Ebiwuka ebiyitibwa dermal fibroblasts bikola kinene mu kukuuma ensengekera n’enkola y’olususu. Copper-cu esobola okuwagira omulimu gwa dermal fibroblasts, omuli okutumbula okukula kw’obutoffaali, okusenguka, n’okusengejja ebitundu bya matrix eby’ebweru w’obutoffaali. Kino kiyinza okutuukibwako nga tulungamya amakubo g’obubonero n’okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale munda mu fibroblasts.
Ebikozesebwa mu Kukuuma Obutoffaali:
Omulimu gw’okulwanyisa kookolo:
Copper-cu erina emirimu mingi egy’okulwanyisa kookolo. Kiyinza okukola ebikolwa eby’okulwanyisa kookolo nga kiziyiza okukula kw’obutoffaali bwa kookolo, okuleeta apoptosis y’obutoffaali bwa kookolo, n’okuziyiza okulumba n’okusaasaana kw’obutoffaali bwa kookolo. Enkola entongole eyinza okuzingiramu okulungamya enzirukanya y’obutoffaali, okukola ekkubo ly’obubonero bwa apoptosis, n’okuziyiza amakubo g’obubonero agakwatagana n’ekizimba [1]..
Ekiziyiza okuzimba:
Copper-cu erina eddagala ery’amaanyi eriziyiza okuzimba. Kiyinza okuziyiza okukola ebintu ebizimba nga tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ne interleukin-6 (IL-6), ate mu kiseera kye kimu ne kyongera ku mirimu gy’enziyiza eziziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde nga superoxide dismutase (SOD). Enkola yaayo ey’okulwanyisa okuzimba eyinza okuba nga yeekuusa ku kuziyiza amakubo g’obubonero bwa NF-κB p65 ne p38 MAPK, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba [2]..
Okukuuma amawuggwe n’okuddaabiriza obulwadde bw’amawuggwe obutawona (COPD):
Copper-cu erina ekikolwa eky’obukuumi n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’amawuggwe. Kiyinza okuziyiza okuddamu kw’okuzimba mu bitundu by’amawuggwe, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka n’okuzimba ebitundu by’amawuggwe. Ku fibroblasts z’amawuggwe ez’abalwadde abalina obulwadde bw’amawuggwe obutawona (COPD), Copper-cu esobola okuzzaawo emirimu gyazo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga etereeza amakubo g’obubonero agakwatagana n’okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale [1]..
Ebiva mu kukendeeza okweraliikirira, okukendeeza obulumi, n’okulwanyisa obulumbaganyi:
Copper-cu era erina ebikolwa eby’okukendeeza okweraliikirira, okukendeeza obulumi, n’okulwanyisa obulumbaganyi, naye enkola entongole tennategeerekeka bulungi. Kiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku kulungamya amakubo g’obubonero n’obusimu obutambuza obusimu mu nkola y’obusimu.
Okuddaabiriza DNA n'okuyonja obutoffaali:
Okuddaabiriza DNA:
Copper-cu erina omulimu gw’okuddaabiriza DNA. Kiyinza okuddaabiriza DNA eyonoonese nga kikola enziyiza ezenjawulo eziddaabiriza DNA oba amakubo agalaga obubonero. Kino kya makulu nnyo mu kukuuma enkola ya bulijjo ey’obutoffaali n’okuziyiza okubeerawo kw’endwadde ng’okukaddiwa ne kookolo [1]..
Okukola Okwoza Obutoffaali (nga tuyita mu nkola ya Proteasome):
Copper-cu esobola okukola enkola ya proteasome y’obutoffaali, okutumbula okuvunda n’okugogola obutoffaali obuli mu butoffaali. Kino kiyamba okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’embeera y’obutoffaali n’okuziyiza okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kwa puloteyina n’obutakola bulungi bw’obutoffaali [1]..
Endowooza ku nkola y’okukuba eddagala: Okunoonyereza okumu kuteesezza endowooza nti enkola y’okukola kw’okukuba eddagala eyinza okutuukibwako okuyita mu Copper-cu. Newankubadde enkola entongole ekyalina okwongera okusomesebwa, kino kiwa endowooza empya ey’okutegeera enkola y’ebikolwa bya Copper-cu [3]..
Omutindo gwa GHK mu plasma n’obukulu bw’obujjanjabi bwa GHK mu balwadde abalina silicosis: A. Emiwendo gya GHK mu plasma mu bantu abalamu n’abalwadde abalina silicosis. B. Emiwendo gya GHK mu plasma mu balwadde abalina silicosis mu mitendera egy’enjawulo egy’obujjanjabi obw’obulwadde. C. Okwolesebwa kw’ebifaananyi by’amawuggwe n’emiwendo gya GHK mu plasma mu bantu abalamu abafuga ne mu balwadde abali mu mitendera egy’enjawulo egy’obujjanjabi egya silicosis. D. Enkolagana wakati w’emiwendo gya GHK mu plasma ne FEV1%pre mu balwadde abalina silicosis. E. Enkolagana wakati w’emiwendo gya GHK mu plasma ne DLCO%pre mu balwadde abalina silicosis.
Ensibuko:PubMed [6] .
Enkozesa ya Copper-cu ze ziruwa?
Okuddaabiriza olususu n'okulabika obulungi:
Okusitula Okukola Kolagini:
Copper-cu esobola okusitula okukola kwa kolagini, elastin, ne glycosaminoglycans. Kolagini kitundu kikulu nnyo mu lususu, ekiwa olususu obugumu n’okunyweza [1] . Emyaka bwe gyeyongera, okukola kolagini kukendeera mpolampola ekivaako olususu okuwummulamu n’okulabika kw’enviiri. Nga etumbula okukola kolagini, Copper-cu esobola okulongoosa obugumu n’obugumu bw’olususu n’okukendeeza ku kutondebwa kw’enviiri.
Okutumbula Okukula kw’Emisuwa n’Obusimu:
Kirina ekikolwa eky’okusitula okukula kw’emisuwa n’obusimu [1] . Omusaayi okutambula obulungi kikulu nnyo eri obulamu bw’olususu. Kisobola okuwa ebiriisa ebimala ne omukka gwa oxygen eri obutoffaali bw’olususu n’okutumbula enkyukakyuka y’olususu. Okugatta ku ekyo, okukula kw’obusimu nakyo kiyamba ku busobozi bw’olususu okuwulira n’okuddamu.
Okuwagira Enkola ya Dermal Fibroblasts:
Copper-cu ewagira omulimu gwa fibroblasts z’olususu. Fibroblasts kye kimu ku bika by’obutoffaali ebikulu mu lususu, era bivunaanyizibwa ku kukola kolagini, elastin, n’ebitundu ebirala eby’ebweru w’obutoffaali [1] . Copper-cu esobola okutumbula emirimu gya fibroblasts n’okulongoosa obusobozi bwazo okusengejja extracellular matrix, bwe kityo ne kiyamba okukuuma ensengekera n’enkola y’olususu.
Okuwona Ebiwundu:
Copper-cu eraga ebikolwa ebinene mu kuwona ebiwundu. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti esobola okwanguya okuwona kw’ebiwundu, okutumbula okukula kw’ebitundu ebikola ebikuta, n’okukola n’okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kwa kolagini. Okugatta ku ekyo, Copper-cu esobola okulungamya enkyukakyuka ya macrophages okuva mu mutendera gwa M2, okuziyiza obulungi okwolesebwa kw’ensonga ezizimba TNF-α ne IL-6 mu bitundu by’omubiri, okufulumya ensonga eziziyiza okuzimba nga TGF-β ne iNOS, okwanguya okwolesebwa kw’ekkubo lya HIF-1α, okutumbula okwolesebwa kwa VEGF okutuuka ku kikolwa ky’okutumbula angiogenesis, n’okwanguyiza okuddaabiriza ebitundu.
Okulwanyisa okukaddiwa:
Copper-cu erina ebikolwa ebiwerako ebiziyiza okukaddiwa. Kiyinza okuziyiza emirimu gya molekyu nga NFκB, ezitwalibwa okwanguya enkola y’okukaddiwa (Pickart L, 2018). Okugatta ku ekyo, era erina emirimu gy’okukendeeza okweraliikirira, okukendeeza obulumi, n’okulwanyisa obulumbaganyi, okuddaabiriza DNA, n’omulimu gw’okukola okulongoosa obutoffaali okuyita mu nkola ya proteasome.
Nga Ekirungo Eky'okwewunda:
Olw’engeri gy’ekola ku kuddaabiriza olususu n’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa, Copper-cu ekozesebwa nnyo mu by’okwewunda. Okugeza, liposomes ezesigamiziddwa ku anionic (AL) ne cationic (CL) hydrogenated lecithin zisobola okukozesebwa ng’enkola y’okutuusa olususu eri Copper-cu [4] . Liposomes zino zibeera nnywevu, zirina obutundutundu obutono (nga 100nm), n’amazzi aga bilayer enkulu, ekiyinza okutuusa obulungi Copper-cu mu lususu. Ng’ekirungo eky’okwewunda, Copper-cu tasobola kukoma ku kulongoosa ndabika ya lususu wabula n’okutumbula obulamu bw’olususu.
Ennimiro y’Ebyobujjanjabi:
Obujjanjabi bw'obuvune bw'amawuggwe:
Copper-cu erina ekikolwa eky’obukuumi ku buvune bw’amawuggwe obw’amaanyi (ALI). Mu kugezesa mu vitro ku RAW 264.7 macrophages ezireetebwa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ne mu model y’ebibe ey’obuvune obw’amawuggwe mu vivo, obujjanjabi bwa Copper-cu bwakendeeza ku kukola ebika bya oxygen ebikola (ROS), bwayongera ku mirimu gya superoxide dismutase (SOD), era mu kiseera kye kimu ne bukendeeza ku kukola TNF-α ne IL-6, nga bukola okuyita mu kuziyiza NF-κB p65 ne p38 MAPK amakubo agalaga obubonero [2] . Okugatta ku ekyo, Copper-cu era esobola okukendeeza ku nkyukakyuka z’obulwadde mu bitundu by’amawuggwe ezireetebwa LPS n’okuziyiza okuyingira kw’obutoffaali obuzimba mu parenchyma y’amawuggwe.
Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bw’amawuggwe:
Copper-cu eraga ekikolwa eky’obujjanjabi mu model y’ebibe ey’obulwadde bw’amawuggwe obuleetebwa bleomycin (BLM) [5] . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis bulwadde bwa mawuggwe obw’amaanyi, era oxidative stress n’okuzimba ze nkola zaayo enkulu ezireeta endwadde. Copper-cu eyinza okukola omulimu gw’obukuumi okuyita mu situleesi y’okuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde n’amakubo agaziyiza okuzimba.
Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa Silicosis:
Silicosis kye kika ky’obulwadde bwa pneumoconiosis obusinga okubeerawo, era mu kiseera kino tewali ddagala lyonna eriyinza okubujjanjaba. Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti Copper-cu erina ekikolwa eky’obujjanjabi ku silicosis. Kiyinza okukendeeza ku kuzimba kw’amawuggwe n’okuzimba mu mbeba za silicosis nga kitunuulira peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), ekitundu kiva ku kuziyiza okunyigirizibwa kw’okwokya mu macrophages z’amawuggwe ezireetebwa silika eya kirisitaalo [6]..
Copper-cu erina emirimu mingi n’amakulu mangi. Kiyinza okusitula okukola ebintu nga kolagini, okuddaabiriza olususu, n’okulwawo okukaddiwa, okuyamba abantu okugoberera olususu olulamu era olulungi mu by’okwewunda n’okulabirira olususu. Ku mutendera gw’abasawo, kiwa obulagirizi obupya mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’amawuggwe ng’obuvune obw’amaanyi mu mawuggwe n’okuzimba amawuggwe, era kisuubirwa okutumbula obulamu bw’abalwadde. Okutwaliza awamu, Copper-cu eyamba mu kukulaakulanya ssaayansi w’obulamu, eddagala, n’amakolero g’eby’okwewunda, era erina akakwate akalungi mu kutumbula omutindo gw’obulamu bw’omuntu.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Bian Y munoonyereza alina akakwate n’ebibiina ebiwerako eby’amaanyi. Mu bino mulimu eddwaaliro lya State Key Lab Resp Hlth & Multimorbid, -Japan Friendship Hospital, Ettendekero ly’ebyobujjanjabi erya China - Peking Union Medical College, Natl Clin Res Ctr Resp Dis, Natl Ctr Resp Med, ne Tongji University. Ebitongole by’akolagana nabyo biraga nti alina obumanyirivu bungi mu kunoonyereza ku by’obusawo ne ssaayansi.
Okunoonyereza kwe kukwata ku masomo amakulu agawerako. Alina obukugu mu nkola y’okussa, Oncology, General & Internal Medicine, Research & Experimental Medicine, ne Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Omulimu gwe mu bintu bino gwa mugaso nnyo mu kutumbula ssaayansi w’obusawo n’okutumbula ebyobulamu. Bian Y ewandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [6].
