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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Epitalon Tsarin
Source: PubChem |
Jeri: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C 14H 22N 4O9 Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta: 390.35 g/mol Lambar CAS: 307297-39-8 Takardar bayanai:219042 Synonyms: Epithalon |
▎ Epitalon Binciken
Menene asalin binciken Epitalon?
A cikin 1980s, ƙungiyar masu bincike na Rasha karkashin jagorancin Vladimir Khavinson sun fara gano Epitalon1 [1] . Epitalon wani ɗan gajeren peptide ne na roba wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid guda huɗu: alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, da glycine. Haɗin sa yana dogara ne akan peptide epithlamion na halitta wanda aka samo daga pineal gland. An yi imanin Epitalon yana da tasirin antioxidant kwatankwacin na melatonin kuma yana iya samun fa'idar tsawaita rayuwa [2] . Masu bincike sun gano cewa Epitalon na iya motsa ayyukan telomerase. Telomerase wani enzyme ne wanda zai iya karewa da kuma mika telomeres a ƙarshen chromosomes. Yayin da mutane ke tsufa, telomeres yana raguwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru da kuma ɗan gajeren rayuwa. Ta hanyar ƙarfafa ayyukan telomerase, Epitalon na iya taimakawa wajen tsawaita telomeres, don haka rage saurin tsufa da kuma hana cututtukan da suka shafi tsufa [1] . Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa Epitalon na iya shiga cikin daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halittar CCL11 da HMGB1 kuma suna aiki a matsayin mai kunna bayyanar waɗannan kwayoyin halitta. A lokaci guda, dipeptide vilon (Lys-Glu) da tetrapeptide Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) na iya yin tasirin rigakafin tsufa ta hanyar hana waɗannan kwayoyin halitta. Tare, an san Epitalon da vilon don daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halitta da haɓakar furotin, inganta rage yawan mace-mace da raguwa a cikin ci gaban cututtuka a cikin tsofaffi [3] . A halin yanzu, binciken da aka yi kan Epitalon ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan matakin gwajin dabba, kuma ba a tabbatar da ingancinsa na dogon lokaci da amincinsa ga ɗan adam ba. Kodayake wasu nazarin dabbobi sun sami sakamako mai ƙarfafawa, kamar a cikin rodents, Epitalon yana da alaƙa da tsawon rayuwa da lafiya mafi kyau, amfani da waɗannan sakamakon a cikin mutane har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike [1].
Menene tsarin aikin Epitalon a fagen rigakafin tsufa?
Rage matakin nau'in oxygen mai amsawa:
Jinsunan oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin tsufa na oocytes. ROS mai yawa zai haifar da lalacewar oxidative ga oocytes, yana shafar ingancin su da haɓakar haɓaka. Nazarin ya nuna cewa Epitalon na iya rage yawan raguwar cytoplasmic na oocytes da ke haifar da tsufa da kuma abun ciki na nau'in oxygen mai amsawa na ciki [2] . A matsayin antioxidant, Epitalon na iya kawar da ROS na cikin salula kuma ya rage lalacewar oocytes. Musamman, ana iya samun ta ta hanyoyi biyu masu zuwa: Na farko, zazzage ROS kai tsaye. Epitalon na iya samun ikon amsawa kai tsaye tare da ROS kuma ya canza shi zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani. Na biyu, haɓaka aikin enzymes antioxidant. Epitalon na iya motsa ayyukan enzymes antioxidant na ciki, irin su superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), da dai sauransu. Wadannan enzymes na iya taimakawa wajen lalata ROS da kuma kula da ma'auni na redox na ciki.
Inganta aikin mitochondrial:
Mitochondria yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na makamashi da kuma rayuwar kwayar halitta na oocytes. Yayin da shekarun oocytes, aikin mitochondrial zai ragu a hankali, yana bayyana azaman raguwa a yuwuwar mitochondrial membrane da raguwa a cikin kwafin adadin DNA na mitochondrial. Epitalon na iya ƙara yuwuwar mitochondrial membrane da kwafin adadin DNA mitochondrial~!phoenix_var102_1!~~!phoenix_var102_2!~
Rage ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da exocytosis na cortical granules:
A lokacin tsarin tsufa na oocytes, ma'auni na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta za ta haifar da hadi da haɓakar amfrayo na oocytes. Epitalon na iya rage ma'auni na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara kyau da kuma exocytosis na cortical granules [2] . Wannan yana iya kasancewa saboda tasirin tsarin Epitalon akan kwanciyar hankali na cytoskeleton da membrane cell: Na farko, daidaita tsarin spindle. Single wani muhimmin tsari ne a cikin tsarin rarraba tantanin halitta, kuma yanayin halittarsa mara kyau zai haifar da rarrabuwar chromosome mara kyau kuma yana shafar ci gaban oocytes. Epitalon na iya daidaita tsarin spindle ta hanyar sarrafa polymerization da depolymerization na tubulin, yana rage faruwar yanayin halittar ɗan adam. Na biyu, kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na cortical granules. Cortical granules suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin hadi na oocytes. Epitalon na iya kula da kwanciyar hankali na granules na cortical ta hanyar daidaita iyawar membrane cell ko siginar calcium ion, rage abin da ya faru na exocytosis mara kyau.
Rage siginar apoptosis:
A lokacin tsarin tsufa na oocytes, alamun apoptosis zasu karu, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar kwayar halitta. Epitalon na iya rage madaidaicin ƙimar Annexin V tabo da ƙarfin haske na γH2AX a cikin in vitro tsofaffin oocytes [2] . Wannan yana nuna cewa Epitalon na iya rage apoptosis na oocytes. Ƙayyadadden tsarin zai iya haɗawa da: Na farko, hana hanyar siginar apoptosis. Epitalon na iya hana watsa siginar apoptosis ta hanyar daidaita mahimman sunadaran a cikin hanyar siginar apoptosis, kamar sunadaran dangin Bcl-2 da furotin iyali, da rage mutuwar tantanin halitta. Na biyu, kiyaye zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta. γH2AX yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun lalacewar DNA. Epitalon na iya kiyaye zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar rage lalacewar DNA da rage siginar apoptosis.
Epitalon ya kiyaye mutuncin spindle na al'ada da rarraba CGs.
Source:PubMed [2]
Menene takamaiman yanayin aikin Epitalon a cikin maganin cututtukan neurodegenerative?
Tsarin aikin rigakafi:
Nazarin ya nuna cewa Epitalon na iya rinjayar amsawar rigakafi na mice a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. A cikin fuskantar matsalolin jujjuyawar jujjuyawar rigakafi da rigakafin rigakafi hadewar damuwa, Epitalon na iya haɓaka ayyukan haɓakar thymocytes [4] . Wannan yana nufin cewa Epitalon na iya haɓaka juriyar jiki ga cututtukan neurodegenerative ta hanyar daidaita tsarin rigakafi. Yaduwar thymocytes yana da alaƙa da aikin tsarin rigakafi, kuma tsarin rigakafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen faruwa da ci gaban cututtukan neurodegenerative. Alal misali, wasu cututtuka na neurodegenerative na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da kunnawa mara kyau ko rashin aiki na tsarin rigakafi. Tasirin haɓakawa na Epitalon akan haɓakar thymocytes na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ma'auni na tsarin rigakafi, ta haka ne ke rage alamun cututtukan cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Tasiri kan hanyar isar da sigina:
Epitalon yana da tasiri na tsari akan hanyar watsa siginar interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Musamman, Epitalon na iya ƙara tasirin haɗin gwiwa na IL-1β kuma yana rinjayar aikin maɓallin enzyme mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyar siginar siginar ceramide a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (nSMase) [4] . IL-1β wani muhimmin cytokine ne wanda ke da hannu a cikin nau'o'in tsarin ilimin lissafi da pathological. A cikin cututtuka na neurodegenerative, maganganun da ba a saba ba na IL-1β na iya haifar da neuroinflammation da lalacewar neuronal. Ta hanyar daidaita hanyar siginar siginar IL-1β, Epitalon na iya rage kumburin neuroinflammation kuma yana kare ƙwayoyin cuta daga lalacewa. Bugu da ƙari, canje-canje a cikin ayyukan nSMase kuma suna da alaƙa da cututtukan neurodegenerative. Tsarin aiki na nSMase ta Epitalon na iya taimakawa wajen kula da aikin al'ada na ƙwayoyin jijiya.A ƙarshe, yanayin aikin Epitalon a cikin maganin cututtuka na neurodegenerative zai iya haɗawa da tsarin rigakafi da tsarin tsarin siginar siginar. Duk da haka, bincike na yanzu akan Epitalon a cikin maganin cututtukan neurodegenerative har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da tasiri da amincinsa.
Ci gaban bincike na Epitalon
Tasiri kan ingancin oocytes
Jinkirta tsufa na oocytes:
Nazarin gwaji na in vitro sun gano cewa Epitalon na iya rage matakin nau'in oxygen mai amsawa na ciki (ROS) a cikin tsofaffin oocytes na linzamin kwamfuta bayan kwai. Bayan lokaci, ƙarfin haɓakar oocytes zai ragu sannu a hankali bayan ovulation a vivo ko in vitro. A matsayin ɗan gajeren peptide na roba, Epitalon yana aiki daidai da melatonin kuma yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi na antioxidant, wanda zai iya samun fa'idar tsawaita rayuwa. Jiyya tare da Epitalon yana da mahimmanci rage yawan lahani na spindle da kuma rarrabawar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin sa'o'i 12 da sa'o'i 24 na tsufa, kuma a lokaci guda yana haɓaka yuwuwar mitochondrial membrane da adadin kwafin DNA na mitochondrial, don haka rage apoptosis na oocytes a cikin sa'o'i 24 na tsufa na in vitro. Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna cewa Epitalon na iya jinkirta tsarin tsufa na oocytes a cikin vitro ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan mitochondrial da matakan ROS [2].
Inganta ingancin oocytes:
Ƙara 0.1 mM na Epitalon zuwa matsakaicin al'adun in vitro na iya rage ƙimar rarrabuwar cytoplasmic a cikin kunnawar parthenogenetic na oocytes wanda ya haifar da tsufa a cikin vitro bayan kwai, rage ƙimar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara kyau da ƙarancin exocytosis na cortical granules, haɓaka ƙimar mitochondrial na mitochondrial da ingantaccen adadin DNA. Annexin V tabo da tsananin haske na γH2AX a cikin in vitro tsofaffin oocytes. Wannan yana nuna cewa Epitalon na iya inganta rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta yayin tsarin tsufa na in vitro na oocytes da kuma inganta ingancin oocytes (Xue Yue).
Tasiri akan bambancin ƙwayoyin jijiya
Nazarin ya gano cewa AEDG peptide (Epitalon) na iya ƙara haɓakar alamomin bambance-bambancen neurogenic a cikin ƙwayoyin gingival mesenchymal stem cell, irin su Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III, da Doublecortin. Hanyoyin ƙirar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun nuna cewa Epitalon ya fi dacewa yana ɗaure ga H1/6 da H1/3 histones, wanda zai iya zama ɗayan hanyoyin haɓaka rubutun waɗannan ƙwayoyin bambance-bambancen neuronal [5].
Sakamakon tsari akan tsarin jin tsoro
Gudanar da aikin neuronal:
Ta hanyar bincike game da berayen, an gano cewa jiko na ciki na Epitalon (2 ng) na iya yin tasiri sosai ga ayyukan jijiyoyi na ƙwayoyin berayen a cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan, kuma ana ƙara yawan harbe-harbe na neurons da sau 2-2.5 [6] . A wasu rikodi, an kuma ga rikitattun martani da suka ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Haɓaka ayyukan jijiyoyi na kai tsaye ta hanyar Epitalon yana faruwa ne ta hanyar mafi girman mitar raka'a masu aiki da kuma sa hannu na sel marasa shiru a baya. Aƙalla matakin farko na aikin Epitalon ana iya bayyana shi ta hanyar tasirin wannan peptide kai tsaye akan sel na cortex na motsi.
Tasirin kariyar damuwa:
Epitalon yana da tasirin kariyar damuwa akan berayen da aka fallasa ga yanayin damuwa daban-daban. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa Epitalon yana ƙara haɓaka ayyukan thymocytes. Ko an inganta shi a ƙarƙashin damuwa mai motsa jiki mai motsa jiki ko kuma an hana shi a ƙarƙashin haɗin haɗin gwiwar immunosuppressive, Epitalon na iya taka rawar tsari (Vladimir Kh Khavinson, 2002). A lokaci guda kuma, Epitalon na iya haɓaka tasirin haɗin gwiwa na interleukin-1β (IL-1β) kuma yana da tasiri akan canje-canje a cikin ayyukan sphingomyelinase (nSMase) a cikin membrane cortex na cerebral wanda ya haifar da damuwa. Wannan yana nuna cewa Epitalon yana da tasirin kariyar danniya a matakin IL-1β siginar watsa siginar a cikin hanyar sphingomyelin kuma a matakin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar thymocyte a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya.
Tasiri kan aikin endocrine na primates ba na ɗan adam ba:
A cikin tsofaffin birai rhesus, Epitalon na iya rage matakan basal na glucose da insulin kuma yana haɓaka matakin melatonin na dare. A lokaci guda, Epitalon na iya rage yankin da ke ƙarƙashin madaidaicin matakin amsawar glucose na plasma, yana haɓaka ƙimar glucose 'bacewar', da daidaita tasirin insulin na plasma don amsawar glucose. Wannan yana nuna cewa Epitalon wani al'amari ne mai ban sha'awa don maido da rashin aikin endocrin da ke da alaƙa da shekaru a cikin primates [7].
Yiwuwar aikace-aikacen Epitalon a cikin maganin cututtukan tsarin jin tsoro
Cutar Alzheimer: Cutar Alzheimer cuta ce ta neurodegenerative ta gama gari, galibi ana nuna ta da raguwar aikin fahimi da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa. Bincike na yanzu ya nuna cewa cutar Alzheimer tana da alaƙa da ƙarancin bambance-bambancen neurogenic. Adadin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwar masu cutar Alzheimer suna raguwa, kuma ana hana su iya bambanta. Epitalon na iya haɓaka haɓakawa da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jijiya, da haɓaka aikin fahimi na masu cutar Alzheimer. Bugu da kari, Epitalon na iya tsara sakin masu amfani da neurotransmitters, inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ikon koyo na masu cutar Alzheimer [8].
Cutar Parkinson: Cutar Parkinson cuta ce ta neurodegenerative da aka fi sani da cututtukan mota. Babban fasalinsa na cututtukan cututtukan cuta shine asarar dopaminergic neurons a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin nigra. Hanyoyin jiyya na yanzu sun fi sauƙaƙa alamun ta hanyar ƙara dopamine ko hana lalata dopamine, amma waɗannan hanyoyin ba za su iya dakatar da ci gaban cutar ba. Dashen ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi hanya ce mai yuwuwar magani, amma tushe da ikon bambance bambancen ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi har yanzu suna da matsala. Epitalon na iya haɓaka haɓakawa da bambance bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopaminergic, da haɓaka aikin motsa jiki na masu cutar Parkinson [8].
Ciwon bugun jini da raunin kwakwalwa: Shanyewar jiki cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma babban abin da ke haifar da shi shine mutuwar jijiyoyin jiki da rashin aikin jijiya. Raunin kwakwalwa kuma na iya haifar da asarar neurons da rashin aiki. Kwayoyin jijiyoyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyarawa da farfadowa bayan bugun jini da raunin kwakwalwa. Epitalon na iya haɓaka haɓakawa da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, da haɓaka aikin jijiya na bugun jini da marasa lafiya na kwakwalwa [8].
A ƙarshe, a matsayin tetrapeptide na roba, ainihin tsarin rigakafin tsufa na Epitalon ya ta'allaka ne akan kunna maganganun telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit (TERT), tsawaita tsawon telomeres da kiyaye ayyukan telomerase, ta haka ne ke shiga cikin ainihin aiwatar da tsufa na salula. Muhimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne a farkon fahimtar rigakafin tsufa daga mahangar ilmin halitta ta telomere, karya ta hanyar iyakancewar maganin antioxidants na gargajiya wanda kawai ke kaiwa ga radicals kyauta, da kuma samar da sabon manufa don jinkirta cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru kamar cutar Alzheimer da cututtukan zuciya. Kodayake amincinsa na dogon lokaci (musamman haɗarin ciwon daji) har yanzu yana buƙatar tabbatarwa a cikin gwaji na asibiti na kashi na III, a matsayin bincike da haɓaka fasalin farkon telomerase activator-nau'in maganin tsufa, yana nuna nasarar juyin juya hali a cikin tsofafin tsufa daga haɓaka alamun alama zuwa tsarin tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana tsammanin zai haɓaka haɓaka tsawon rayuwar lafiyar ɗan adam.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya Vladimir Khavinson fitaccen masanin ilimin halittu na Rasha ne kuma mai binciken bioregulator peptide. Shi ne Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Gerontology ta St. Khavinson ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga fannin binciken tsufa kuma ya rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa a cikin manyan mujallu irin su 'Molecular Biology of Aging' da 'Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine'. Ayyukansa da farko sun fi mayar da hankali kan haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen bioregulators peptide don magance cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru da inganta lafiyar jiki. Binciken Khavinson ya kasance mai tasiri a fagen ilimin gerontology, yana ba da sabbin fahimta da hanyoyin warkewa don tsufa. An jera Vladimir Khavinson a cikin ambaton ambaton [5].
