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di imyun sistεm de mεnten di bכdi homכstasis tru wan kכmpleks nεtwכk fכ sεl dεm εn mכlikul dεm, we di imyun rεspכns dεm we dεn nכ de rεgεl fayn kin mek infεkshכn, krεse inflameshn, כ כtoimyun sik dεm. di kכr fכ imyun rεguleshכn, inflameshn εliviεshכn, εn adjuvant tεrapi fכ כtoimyun sik dεm de insay prεsis intavεnshכn in imyun sεl aktibכshכn, inflammatory signal path dεm, εn imyun tכlerεns mεkanism dεm. as bayoaktiv mכlikul dεm, pεptida sכbstans dεm, wit dεn hכy tכgεt spεsifisiti εn bayokompatibiliti, kin spεshal mכdulet imyun sεl fכnshכn dεm, blכk pro-inflammatory signal transdyushכn, εn rishεp di imyun maykro envayroment, we de gi nyu sכlushכn fכ di tritmεnt fכ infεkshכn sik dεm, כtoimyun dizכrd dεm, εn kכndishכn dεm we rilet to inflameshn.
Fig 1 Wan Jɛnɛral Skim fɔ Ɛksplen di Ɔrijin fɔ Kronik Inflameshɔn. Sos: Innate Immunity Gone Awry: Linking Maykrobial Infεkshכn to Krכnik Inflamεshכn εn Kεnsar (2006).
Di Kɔr Aplikeshɔn Ɛria dɛn
1. Imyun Rεgulεshכn: Rishεp imyun sεl rεspכns ikwilεbri
di pεptida sכbstans dεm de achy baydayrεkshכnal rεguleshכn fכ di intensiti εn dεyshכn fכ di imyun rεspכns dεm bay we dεn de mכdulet di difrεns, proliferashכn, εn ifektכ fכnshכn dεm fכ di imyun sεl dεm.
Dairekt rεgulεshכn כf T sεl sכbsεt dεm
di pεpti dεm lεk TA1, as bayoaktiv pεptida dεm we kכmכt frכm di taymus, de fכs fכ protεkt di machכreshכn fכ di T sεl prεkursכr dεm insay fכnshכnal T sεl dεm, we de εnhans di sinagεstik ifekt dεm bitwin CD4+ εlp T sεl dεm εn CD8+ saytotoksik T sεl dεm. bay we dεn de aktibכt di intasεlulyar signal path dεm, dεn pεpti dεm ya de impruv di antijen rεkכgnishכn abiliti fכ T sεl dεm, de protεkt saytokכn sekreshכn, εn εnhans di bכdi in efyushכn fכ klia pathogens εn abnכmal sεl dεm, we de mek dεn fit fכ infεkshכn prεvεnshכn in imyun kכmprכmis individכl dεm εn adjuvant kεnsar tεrapi.
rεgεlεtכri T sεl-indyus pεpti dεm
sכt pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm nεchכral hכman protin dεm kin sεlektivli aktibכt di proliferashכn fכ rεgεdyushכn T sεl dεm (Tregs) εn inhεbit כva aktibכt εfεktכ T sεl dεm. dis Treg dεm de mεnten imyun tכlerεns insay כgan transplant rijekshכn εn כtoimyun sik dεm bay we dεn de sekret inhibitory saytokεn dεm fכ sכpres εksyכsiv imyun aktibכshכn.
εnhansmεnt fכ di innate imyun sεl fכnshכn dεm
di antimaykrobial pεpti dεm (AMP) lεk LL37 de sho tu fכnshכn dεm fכ antimaykrobial aktiviti εn imyun rεguleshכn. dεn de akt dayrekt pan di patכgen mεmbran fכ baktericidal ifekt dεm εn indyuz dεndritik sεl machכ, we de protεkt antijen prεzεntεshכn εn T sεl aktibכshכn, so dεn de ple imכtant rol fכ imyun difεns pan fכshal barεri dεm lεk di skin εn mכkus.
Figure 2 di rεgεdyushכn mεkanism fכ AMP dεm pan makrofag dεm. Sos: Di Kɔntribyushɔn fɔ Antimaykrobial Pɛptayd to Imyun Sɛl Fɔnkshɔn: Wan Rivyu fɔ Risɛnt Advans (2023).
2. Inflamεshכn Aliviεshכn: Mכlti-pathway Blכkεd fכ Inflammatory Kaskad dεm
tכgεt di ki no dεm fכ di inflammatory rεspכns, pεptida sכbstans dεm de εksyεrt ifekt dεm bay we dεn de inhεbit pro-inflammatory signal dεm, promuot anti-inflammatory mεdiate prodakshכn, εn ripa di tisu maykro envayroment.
Sεntrial inhibishכn fכ di NF-κB path
di gεstrointestinal protεktiv pεpti dεm lεk BPC-157 de intavεn insay di nyuklia fכktכ κB (NF-κB) signal path, we de sכpres di transkripshכn εn rilis fכ pro-inflammatory saytokεn dεm εn ridyus di lokal tisu inflammatory εdima. apat frכm dat, dεn de protεkt di εksprεshכn fכ di mכkus ripa-rεlatεd jin dεm, aksεlεrat di hεl fכ di tisu dεm we dεn dכn pwεl, dεn de sho tu anti-inflammatory εn riparativ ifekt dεm na sik dεm lεk inflammatory bowel disease εn gastric ulcers.
Pεptida dεm we kכmכt frכm kininojen
di pεptayd dεm lεk KPV de rεgεl nyutrofil aktiviti εn adheshon mכlikul εksprεshכn, we de ridyus di infiltεshכn fכ inflammatory sεl dεm na injuri sayt dεm, dεn de dכn כksidεtiv strεs dεmεj, εn impruv di lokal maykro envayroment. Dɛn prɔpati ya de mek dɛn fayn fɔ trit sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit inflamɛns lɛk ischemia-reperfusion injury ɛn dayabitik fut ɔlsa.
Sinajistik rεguleshכn fכ di maytochכndria εn כksidεtiv strεs
di pεpti dεm we di maytochכndria tכgεt lεk SS-31 de tכgεt di maytochכndrial mεmbran strכkchכ dεm, we de protεkt di maytochכndrial fכnshכnal integriti, we de ridyus εksyכsiv riaktiv כksijεn spεs (ROS) prodakshכn, εn we de inhεbit apoptosis signal aktibכshכn. dis de mek di tisu dεm we di oksidativ strεs de mek i dכn pwεl εn i de gi כgan protεkshכn insay di kכdivaskyul inflameshn εn nyurodijεnεraytiv sik dεm.
3. Adjuvant Tεrapi fכ כtoimyun sik dεm: Rikכnstrכkt di Imyun Tכlerεns Maykro envayroment
aim pan di misdayrεkt atak fכ di imyun sistεm pan sεlf-kכmכpכnt dεm na כtoimyun sik dεm, pεptida sכbstans dεm de εksyεrt adjuvant tεrapi ifekt dεm bay we dεn de rεgεl imyun rεkכgnishכn εn εfεktכ fכnshכn dεm.
Antijen-spεsifi k imyun tכlerεns indukshכn
sכt pεpti dεm we kכmכt frכm sεlf-antijen εpitכp dεm de biεn mכlikul dεm na di sεf fכ di antijen-prεzεnt sεl dεm, we de mek imyun sεl tכlerεns to sεlf-antijen dεm. dis de ridyus di prodakshכn fכ כtoantibodi dεm εn di tisu atak we di ifektכ T sεl dεm de atak, we de gi wan tכgεt intavεnshכn stratεji fכ sik dεm lεk rεumatoid atraytis εn sεstεmik lupus εrythεmatosus.
bεlεns rεguleshכn fכ di saytokεn nεtwכk
sכm pεpti dεm de mכdulet di difrεns fכ Th1/Th2/Th17 sεl sכbsεt dεm εn saytokεn sekreshכn patεn dεm, we de inhεbit εksyכs εksprεshכn fכ pro-inflammatory fכktכ dεm εn promuot di prodyushכn fכ anti-inflammatory saytokεn dεm. dis de mek di krεse inflammatory rεspכns dεm na כtoimyun sik dεm εn i de impruv di tisu dεm we dεn dכn pwεl.
Dɔn
Pεptida sכbstans dεm na di fil fכ imuniti εn anti-inflameshכn dεn bi imכtant tul fכ rεgεl imyun bεlε εn kכntrכl inflammatory rεspכns dεm bikoz fכ dεn prεsis tכgεt spεsifisiti εn mכlti-mεkanik sinagεstik ifekt dεm. bay we dεn de intavεn insay T sεl difrεns, inflammatory signal pathways, εn imyun tolerans mεkanism dεm, dεn tin ya nכ de nכmכ de εnhans di bכdi in difεns εgεst di pathogens bכt dεn de inhibit di tisu dεm we de kכz fכ di imyun rεspכns dεm we pasmak, we de gi difrεnt sכlushכn fכ di tritmεnt fכ infεkshכn sik dεm, כtoimyun dizכrd dεm, εn krεse inflameshn.
ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.
Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto famasitik, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.
