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▎ Hoʻolālā Semaglutid
Puna: Pub Chem |
Sequence: His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys (Aeea-Aeea-γ-glu-octadecanedioic)-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH Hui Molekala: C 187H 291N 45O59 Kaumaha Molekala: 4114 g/mol Helu CAS 910463-68-2 PubChem CID 56843331 Synonyms: Rybelsus; Ozempic ; ʻO Wegovy |
▎ ʻImi Semaglutid
He aha ke kumu noiʻi o Semaglutid?
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Semaglutid mai ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hopena physiological o GLP-1. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka poʻe ʻepekema e exendin-4 i loko o ka lizard saliva e hoʻomohala i ka agonist receptor GLP-1 mua. No ka hahai ʻana i kahi koho lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo Semaglutid ma o ka hoʻololi kemika o ke kaulahao peptide GLP-1, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kaulahao momona momona e hoʻonui i kona hapalua ola. I ka holomua ʻana o ka noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻia kona hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kaumaha a me ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi cardiovascular.
He aha ke ʻano o ka hana a Semaglutid?
Hoʻoponopono i ka insulin a me ka huna ʻana o ka glucagon:
Ma ke ʻano he GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), hoʻoulu ʻo Semaglutid i nā pancreatic β-cells e hūnā i ka insulin i ka wā e kāohi ana i nā α-cell mai ka huna ʻana i ka glucagon. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, i ka wā e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka semaglutide i nā mea hoʻokipa GLP-1, e hoʻāla ana i nā ala hōʻailona o lalo e hoʻolalelale i nā cell β e hoʻokuʻu i ka insulin, e hoʻonui ai i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka glucose i ke kino, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pae glucose koko. Ma ka pale ʻana i ka huna ʻana o ka glucagon a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka glucose hepatic, hoʻopaʻa hou ia i nā pae glucose koko. Ma lalo o nā kūlana physiological maʻamau, mālama ke kino i nā pae glucose koko paʻa ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaulike ma waena o ka insulin a me ka glucagon. Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Semaglutid i nā hopena o GLP-1, e hoʻonui ana i kēia kaʻina hoʻoponopono [1,2].
Kiʻi 1 Nā hopena pili i ka maʻi diabetes a me ka momona o GLP-1 [3].
Ka pale ʻana i ka gluconeogenesis hepatic:
Hoʻopili ʻo Semaglutid i ke kaʻina hana gluconeogenesis hepatic. ʻO Gluconeogenesis ke ala e hoʻohua ai ka ate i ka glucose i ka wā hoʻokē ʻai a i ʻole ka pōloli, e mālama ana i ka paʻa o ka glucose i ke koko ke haʻahaʻa nā pae glucose koko. Eia nō naʻe, i nā kūlana pathological e like me ka maʻi diabetes, hiki i ka gluconeogenesis ke lilo i mea ikaika loa, e alakaʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko. Hana ʻo Semaglutid i nā ala hōʻailona kūpono e hōʻemi i ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka hana o nā enzymes gluconeogenesis nui, a laila e hoʻemi ana i ka hana glucose hepatic a kōkua i ka hoʻokele glucose koko [1].
Nā hopena i ka metabolism ikehu a me ka makemake:
Loaʻa iā Semaglutid nā hopena hoʻoponopono i ka metabolism ikehu a me ka makemake. Hoʻemi ia i ka ʻai ʻana o ka ikehu, ma ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena e hoʻohuli i nā kikowaena hoʻoponopono makemake, e hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo o ka piha a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻai. Hoʻohui hou, he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o Semaglutid i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka ikehu, ʻoi aku ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono kaumaha ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikehu, e kōkua ana i ka pohō kaumaha no nā maʻi obese. I nā ho'āʻo, hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻohana ana iā Semaglutid i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻai a me ka pohō kaumaha [1,4].
Nā hana kūpono o ka hana ma ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular: Hiki i ka Semaglutid ke hana i nā hopena maikaʻi ma ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ma o nā hana he nui. Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glucose koko a me ke kaumaha o ke kino, a laila e hoʻēmi i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā maʻi metabolic i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana pololei ʻo Semaglutid i nā ʻiʻo cardiovascular, e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana endothelial vascular, e hōʻemi ana i nā pane inflammatory a me ke kaumaha oxidative, hoʻopaʻa i nā pā atherosclerotic, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hopena o nā maʻi cardiovascular. Hōʻike ka noiʻi a Cigrovski e hiki iā Semaglutid ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā cell endothelial vascular i ka huna ʻana i ka nitric oxide, hoʻonui i ka vasodilation, a pale i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular [5].
Nā hopena pololei i ka hana naʻau:
Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hopena inotropic maikaʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi ma luna o ka trabecula atrial kanaka me ka hoʻonui ʻole i ka manaʻo no ka arrhythmias. Hiki paha kēia hopena mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reuptake, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana atrial, a paʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā hōʻailona i nā poʻe maʻi hōʻeha puʻuwai. I nā hoʻokolohua pili, hōʻike ʻia nā trabeculae atrial i hōʻike ʻia iā Semaglutid i hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka ikaika contractile me ka ʻole o ka piʻi ʻana o ka arrhythmias [6].
He aha nā mea hoʻohana o Semaglutid?
No ka maʻi diabetes type 2:
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Semaglutid e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Inā hāʻawi ʻia ma ka waha a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele subcutaneous, hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono ia i nā pae hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [1].
No ka mālama ʻana i ka momona:
Hōʻike ʻo Semaglutid i ka maikaʻi nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka poʻe maʻi obese i mālama ʻia me ka semaglutide e loaʻa i ke kaumaha nui, me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o ka pūhaka, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻāpana koko, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae HbA1c, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā profile lipid (e laʻa, hoʻemi ʻia ka cholesterol holoʻokoʻa, lipoprotein cholesterol haʻahaʻa, a me nā triglycerides, a hoʻonui i ka lipoprotein cholesterol kiʻekiʻe). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona hopena ma mua o nā placebos a me nā lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha ʻē aʻe, e hālāwai ana i nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka EMA a me FDA no nā lāʻau hoʻemi kaumaha, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi koho lapaʻau hou no nā maʻi obese [1,2].
Hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi cardiovascular:
No nā poʻe mākua me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 a me ka maʻi naʻau i ʻike ʻia, hiki iā Semaglutid ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi cardiovascular. ʻO nā haʻawina e like me ka SUSTAIN 6 a me PIONEER 6 mau ho'āʻo i hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa a me ka palekana o ka subcutaneous a me ka waha Semaglutid i ke olakino cardiovascular, a ua hōʻoia hou ka hoʻokolokolo SELECT i kona mau pono kūpono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena cardiovascular, e kōkua ana e hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā hanana cardiovascular [1].
Nā hopena pale o ka renal:
I loko o kahi kiʻi kiʻi o ka ʻeha renal ischemia-reperfusion, ua hōʻike ʻo Semaglutid i nā hopena pale pale. Hoʻemi ia i nā kiʻekiʻe o nā molekole inflammatory e like me ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) a me kāna mea loaʻa, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hoʻemi i ka hana F8 prostaglandin, hoʻonui i ka pae PI3K a me AKT i loko o ka ʻiʻo renal, a hoʻēmi i ka hōʻeha renal, e manaʻo ana e loaʻa iā Semaglutid ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka hōʻeha ʻeha ʻeha [7].
Ka hopena
Ma keʻano he GLP-1 receptor agonist, Semaglutid e hoʻomalu pono i nā pae glucose koko i nā maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ma o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka insulin a me ka glucagon secretion, ke kāohiʻana i ka hepatic gluconeogenesis, a me ka hoʻouluʻana i ka ikehu metabolism a me ka makemake, oiai e hoʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o ke kino i nā poʻe paʻakikī. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena pale cardiovascular, hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi cardiovascular, a pale i nā puʻupaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena therapeutic i ka hōʻeha ʻeha ʻeha, nephropathy maʻi maʻi, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
No ka mea kakau
ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.
Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema
Aia ʻo Hegner, P. ma ke Kulanui o Regensburg ma Kelemānia a he nui kona ʻano noiʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular a me ka cardiology, kahi e ʻimi ai ʻo ia i nā hana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular; biochemistry a me molecular biology, e kālele ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻokō molecular biological a me biochemical reactions a me nā kaʻina hoʻoponopono; lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka loiloi pono; a me ka ʻōnaehana hanu a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a i loko, e kālele ana i ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu a me nā kūlana olakino maʻamau. He ʻepekema ʻo ia me nā holomua ma nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Hegner P ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi [6].
