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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
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▎ Enzimba ya Semaglutid
Ensibuko: Pub Chem |
Omutendera: His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys (Aeea-Aeea-γ-glu-octadecanedioic)-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 187H 291N 45O59 Obuzito bwa molekyu: 4114 g/mol Ennamba ya CAS 910463-68-2 PubChem CID 56843331. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo Ebigambo ebifaanagana: Rybelsus; Ozempic ow'ekika kya ; Wegovy |
▎ Okunoonyereza ku Semaglutid
Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza ku Semaglutid eri etya?
Enkula ya Semaglutid yasibuka mu kunoonyereza ku bikolwa bya GLP-1 mu mubiri. Bannasayansi baaluŋŋamizibwa eddagala lya exendin-4 mu ntuuyo z’enzige okukola ekirungo kya GLP-1 receptor agonist eky’omulembe ogusooka. Okugoberera enkola y’obujjanjabi ekola okumala ebbanga eddene, Semaglutid yakolebwa okuyita mu kukyusa eddagala mu lujegere lwa GLP-1 peptide, nga kwongerako enjegere za asidi w’amasavu okwongera ku kitundu ky’obulamu bwayo. Okunoonyereza bwe kwagenda mu maaso, obusobozi bwayo mu kugejja n’okuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’emisuwa nakyo kyalabika.
Enkola ya Semaglutid ekola ki?
Okulungamya okufulumya insulini ne glucagon:
Nga GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), Semaglutid esitula obutoffaali bwa β obw’olubuto okufulumya insulin ate nga eziyiza obutoffaali bwa α okufulumya glucagon. Oluvannyuma lw’okulya, glucose bw’alinnya, semaglutide yeekwata ku GLP-1 receptors, n’ekola amakubo g’obubonero wansi okusikiriza obutoffaali bwa β okufulumya insulin, okutumbula omubiri okutwala n’okukozesa glucose, n’okukendeeza ku glucose mu musaayi. Nga eziyiza okufulumya glucagon n’okukendeeza ku glucose efuluma mu kibumba, eyongera okutebenkeza emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi. Mu mbeera z’omubiri eza bulijjo, omubiri gukuuma emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi nga tegukyukakyuka nga gutereeza bbalansi wakati wa insulini ne glucagon. Semaglutid ekoppa ebikolwa bya GLP-1, okulongoosa enkola eno ey’okulungamya [1,2]..
Ekifaananyi 1 Ebikosa GLP-1 ebikwata ku ssukaali n’omugejjo [3]..
Okuziyiza ensengekera ya gluconeogenesis mu kibumba:
Semaglutid aziyiza enkola ya gluconeogenesis mu kibumba. Gluconeogenesis lye kkubo ekibumba mwe kikola glucose mu mbeera y’okusiiba oba enjala, okukuuma glucose mu musaayi ng’atebenkedde nga glucose mu musaayi ali wansi. Naye mu mbeera z’obulwadde nga sukaali, gluconeogenesis eyinza okufuuka ekola ennyo, ekivaako glucose mu musaayi okulinnya. Semaglutid ekola ku makubo agakwatagana ag’obubonero okukendeeza ku kwolesebwa oba emirimu gy’enziyiza enkulu ezikola gluconeogenesis, bwe kityo n’ekendeeza ku kukola glucose mu kibumba n’okuyamba mu kufuga glucose mu musaayi [1]..
Ebikosa enkyukakyuka y’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya:
Semaglutid erina ebikosa okulungamya ku nkyukakyuka y’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya. Kikendeeza ku maanyi agayingira, ekiyinza okuba nga kikola ku busimu obw’omu makkati okufuga ebifo ebitereeza okwagala okulya, okuleeta okuwulira ng’ojjudde n’okukendeeza ku mmere gy’olya. Okugatta ku ekyo, Semaglutid erina kitono kye yeekosa ku nsaasaanya y’amaanyi, okusinga etuuka ku kulungamya obuzito ng’eyita mu kukendeeza ku maanyi ge bakozesa, ekiyamba mu kugejja eri abalwadde abagejjulukuka. Mu kugezesebwa, abalwadde abakozesa Semaglutid batera okutegeeza nti okwagala okulya okukendeera n’okugejja oluvannyuma [1,4]..
Enkola eziyinza okukola ku nkola y’emisuwa n’emitima: Semaglutid eyinza okukola ebirungi ku nkola y’emisuwa n’emisuwa ng’eyita mu nkola eziwera. Ku ludda olumu, kisobola okukendeeza ku glucose mu musaayi n’obuzito bw’omubiri, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku kwonooneka okuva mu buzibu bw’okukyusakyusa emmere mu nkola y’emisuwa gy’omutima. Ku luuyi olulala, Semaglutid eyinza okukola butereevu ku bitundu by’emisuwa n’emisuwa, gamba ng’okulongoosa enkola y’emisuwa endothelial, okukendeeza ku kuddamu kw’okuzimba n’okunyigirizibwa okw’okwokya, okutebenkeza ebipande ebizimba emisuwa, n’okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa. Okunoonyereza kwa Cigrovski kulaga nti Semaglutid esobola okulongoosa enkola y’obutoffaali bw’emisuwa mu kufulumya nitric oxide, okutumbula okugaziwa kw’emisuwa, n’okukuuma enkola y’emisuwa gy’omutima [5]..
Ebikosa obutereevu ku nkola y’omutima:
Okunoonyereza okwakakolebwa kuzudde nti okukwatibwa ennyo Semaglutid kuyinza okuleeta dose-dependent strong positive inotropic effect ku human atrial trabeculae awatali kwongera ku mpisa ya arrhythmias. Ekikolwa kino kiyinza okuva ku kweyongera kw’okuddamu okukwata sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, okulongoosa enkola y’emisuwa, era kikwata ebirungi ku kukendeeza ku bubonero mu balwadde b’omutima abalemererwa. Mu kugezesa okukwatagana, atrial trabeculae exposed to Semaglutid yalaga significantly enhanced contractile force awatali kweyongera mu arrhythmias [6]..
Ebikozesebwa bya Semaglutid bye biruwa?
Ku ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri:
Semaglutid akozesebwa okujjanjaba ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri. Ka kibeere nga kiweebwa mu kamwa oba nga kiyita mu mpiso wansi w’olususu, kikendeeza bulungi ku muwendo gwa hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [1]..
Ku bujjanjabi bw’omugejjo:
Semaglutid eraga nti ekola bulungi mu kujjanjaba omugejjo. Okugezesebwa mu malwaliro kulaga nti abalwadde abagejjulukuka abajjanjabwa n’eddagala lya semaglutide bafuna okugejja okw’amaanyi, nga kuwerekerwako okukendeeza ku kwetooloola ekiwato, okulongoosa mu bipimo bya puleesa, okukendeera kw’emiwendo gya HbA1c, n’okulongoosa mu bitundu by’amasavu (okugeza, okukendeeza ku kolesterol yenna, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ne triglycerides, n’okweyongera kwa high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Ebikolwa byayo eby’okugejja bisukkulumye ku bya placebos n’eddagala eddala erikendeeza ku mugejjo, nga bituukana n’omutindo ogwateekebwawo EMA ne FDA ku ddagala ly’okugejja, n’okuwa obujjanjabi obupya eri abalwadde abagejjulukuka [1,2]..
Okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okulwala endwadde z’emisuwa:
Ku bantu abakulu abalina ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri n’obulwadde bw’omutima obumanyiddwa, Semaglutid asobola okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa. Okunoonyereza nga SUSTAIN 6 ne PIONEER 6 okugezesebwa kwalaga obutali bwa wansi n’obukuumi bwa Semaglutid wansi w’olususu n’omu kamwa mu bulamu bw’emisuwa, era okugezesebwa kwa SELECT kwayongera okukakasa ebirungi byayo ebiyinza okubaawo mu kulongoosa ebiva mu misuwa n’emitima, okuyamba okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’ebintu ebibaawo mu misuwa [1]..
Ebikozesebwa mu kukuuma ekibumba:
Mu nkola y’ebibe ey’obuvune bw’ekibumba ekiyitibwa ischemia-reperfusion, Semaglutid yalaga ebikolwa eby’okukuuma ekibumba. Kikendeeza ku miwendo gya molekyu ezizimba nga tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) n’ekirungo kyayo, interleukin-6 (IL-6), kikendeeza ku kukola prostaglandin ya F8, kyongera ku miwendo gya PI3K ne AKT mu bitundu by’ekibumba, era kikendeeza ku buvune bw’ekibumba, ekiraga nti Semaglutid eyinza okuba n’obusobozi obw’okujjanjaba obuvune obw’amaanyi mu kibumba [7].
Mu bufunzi
Nga GLP-1 receptor agonist, Semaglutid efuga bulungi emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi mu balwadde ba sukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri nga etereeza okufulumya insulin ne glucagon, okuziyiza hepatic gluconeogenesis, n’okukwata ku nkyukakyuka y’amaanyi n’okwagala okulya, ate nga ekendeeza nnyo ku buzito bw’omubiri mu bantu abagejjulukuka. Kirina ebirungo ebikuuma emisuwa gy’omutima, kikendeeza ku bulabe bw’endwadde z’emisuwa, era kikuuma ensigo. Kirina obujjanjabi ku buvune obw’amaanyi mu kibumba, obulwadde bwa sukaali obw’ekibumba, n’endwadde endala ez’ekibumba.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Hegner, P. asangibwa mu Yunivasite y’e Regensburg mu Girimaani era alina okunoonyereza kungi. Mu bino mulimu enkola y’emisuwa n’eby’omutima, gy’anoonyereza ku nkola n’obujjanjabi bw’endwadde z’emisuwa; biochemistry ne molecular biology, nga essira liteekeddwa ku kubikkula enkola z’ensengekera y’ebiramu n’ebiramu n’enkola z’okulungamya; pharmacology ne pharmacy, nga essira balitadde ku kukola eddagala n’okwekenneenya obulungi bwalyo; n’enkola y’okussa wamu n’eddagala erya bulijjo n’ery’omunda, nga essira liteekeddwa ku kuzuula n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’okussa n’embeera z’obujjanjabi ez’omunda eza bulijjo. Mukenkufu alina ebituukiddwaako mu by’obusawo ebiwerako. Hegner P awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [6].
