By Cocer Peptides 
Watanni 1 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Dubawa
Bam15, a matsayin mai zaɓin mitochondrial uncoupler, an yi amfani da shi a cikin filayen binciken da ke da alaƙa da rayuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana ba da sababbin zaɓuɓɓukan magani don cututtuka daban-daban na rayuwa. Mitochondria yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na makamashin salula, wanda ke da alhakin samar da ATP ta hanyar phosphorylation oxidative, don haka samar da makamashi don ayyukan salula daban-daban. A wasu jihohin cututtukan cututtuka, aikin mitochondrial na iya zama mai rauni, yana haifar da rikice-rikice na rayuwa da kuma kasancewa tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da farawa da ci gaba da cututtuka irin su kiba, ciwon sukari, da cututtukan hanta maras barasa.
Bam15 na musamman yana kai hari kan mitochondria kuma, ta hanyar keɓantaccen tsarin aiki, yana rushe ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin kai tsakanin jigilar lantarki da haɗin ATP. Yana inganta koma baya na protons a cikin membrane na mitochondrial na ciki, ta haka ne ya watsar da proton gradient, yana barin sarkar numfashi na mitochondrial ta ci gaba da aiki amma yana rage ingancin haɗin ATP. Wannan tasirin da ba a haɗa shi ba yana da mahimmancin ilimin ilimin lissafi, yayin da yake haɓaka numfashi na mitochondrial, yana ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi, kuma yana watsar da makamashi a cikin yanayin zafi, ta haka yana daidaita ma'aunin makamashi na jiki.
Hoto na 1 Mechanism na BAM15-induced uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
Tasiri
Haɓaka metabolism na makamashi: Bam15 yana haɓaka matakan makamashi na jiki sosai ta hanyar hanyoyin uncoupling na mitochondrial. Ƙarƙashin yanayin ilimin lissafi na al'ada, ƙwayar makamashin salula ya kasance a cikin ingantacciyar yanayi don ci gaba da ayyukan ilimin lissafi na al'ada. Lokacin da jiki ya cinye makamashin da ya wuce kima wanda ba za a iya cinye shi da sauri ba, ragowar makamashin yana adana shi azaman mai, yana haifar da karuwar nauyi da kiba. Bam15 yana rushe wannan ma'auni ta hanyar kunna numfashin mitochondrial, yana ba da damar abubuwan da ke cikin sel su zama oxidized kuma su lalace da sauri, don haka ƙara yawan kashe kuzari da rage tara mai. A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, berayen da aka yi musu magani da Bam15 sun baje kolin samun kiba sosai ko da a ƙarƙashin abinci mai kitse, wanda ke nuna rawar da Bam15 ke takawa wajen haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari.
Inganta juriya na insulin: juriya na insulin yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin ilimin halittar jiki waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. A cikin yanayin juriya na insulin, hankalin kyallen jikin jikin ga insulin yana raguwa, yana hana insulin inganta haɓakar glucose da amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar matakan glucose na jini. Bam15 na iya inganta juriya na insulin ta hanyoyi da yawa. Yana inganta metabolism na makamashi, yana rage yawan kitse a cikin kyallen takarda, musamman kitsen visceral. Kitse mai yawa yana ɓoye abubuwa masu kumburi masu yawa da adipokines, waɗanda ke tsoma baki tare da watsawar yau da kullun na hanyoyin siginar insulin, wanda ke haifar da juriya na insulin. Bayan rage yawan kitse, Bam15 yana rage martanin kumburi, don haka inganta aikin hanyar siginar insulin. Bam15 kuma yana iya yin aiki kai tsaye akan ƙwayoyin siginar insulin na ciki, haɓaka watsa siginar insulin da haɓaka ƙwarewar salula zuwa insulin, yana ba sel damar samun mafi kyawun ɗauka da amfani da glucose, don haka rage matakan glucose na jini.
Inganta mitochondrial autophagy: Mitochondrial autophagy wani muhimmin tsari ne ga sel don kula da ingancin mitochondrial da aiki. Lokacin da mitochondria ya lalace ko rashin aiki, sel suna fara aiwatar da tsarin autophagy na mitochondrial, suna ɗaukar lalata mitochondria da jigilar su zuwa lysosomes don lalata don kula da lafiyar mitochondrial yawan a cikin tantanin halitta. A karkashin yanayin cututtukan cututtuka irin su abinci mai kitse mai yawa, mitochondria yana da haɗari ga lalacewa, yana haifar da rashin aiki na mitochondrial da kuma kara tsananta matsalolin rayuwa. Bam15 yana inganta haɓakar autophagy na mitochondrial ta hanyar haɓaka bayanin mitochondrial autophagy marker genes Pink1 da Parkin, yana haifar da sel don kawar da mitochondria da sauri da sauri, haɓaka ingancin kula da mitochondrial, dawo da aikin mitochondrial na yau da kullun, da kula da makamashin salula na rayuwa homeostasis.
Tsarin metabolism na lipid: Bam15 yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita metabolism na lipid. Yana inganta lipolysis a cikin hepatocytes, yana hana haɓakar lipid, kuma yana rage tarin lipid a cikin hanta. A cikin cututtukan cututtuka irin su hyperlipidemia, haɓakar matakan lipid a cikin jini yana haifar da tarin lipid da yawa a cikin kyallen takarda kamar hanta, yana haifar da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da lipid kamar steatosis. Bam15 yana daidaita ayyukan enzymes da ke cikin metabolism na lipid, kamar inganta maganganun enzymes da ke da alaƙa da fatty acid oxidation da kuma hana ayyukan enzymes fatty acid synthesis, wanda hakan ya kara yawan iskar oxygen da lalatawa yayin da ake rage kira. Wannan yana rage matakan lipid a cikin hanta da jini, yana inganta rikice-rikice na lipid metabolism.
Aikace-aikace
Maganin kiba: Kiba ya zama ruwan dare gama gari batun kiwon lafiyar al'umma kuma yana da alaƙa da bullowar cututtuka daban-daban. Saboda iyawarta na haɓaka metabolism na makamashi da rage yawan kitse, Bam15 yana nuna babban tasiri a cikin maganin kiba. Sakamakon gwajin dabba ya nuna cewa berayen da aka yi wa Bam15 kiba sun sami asarar nauyi mai yawa, ingantaccen tsarin jiki, rage abun ciki mai mai, da kuma ƙara yawan abin da ke cikin tsoka. Don haka, Bam15 na iya zama wakili mai yuwuwar warkewa don maganin kiba ta hanyar daidaita ma'aunin kuzari, taimakawa asarar nauyi a cikin marasa lafiya masu kiba, da rage haɗarin rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da kiba.
Maganin Ciwon Suga: Ganin irin rawar da Bam15 ke takawa wajen inganta juriyar insulin da daidaita matakan glucose na jini, ya ba da kulawa sosai a cikin maganin ciwon sukari. Bincike na farko ya nuna cewa Bam15 na iya haɓaka haɓakar insulin a cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu ciwon sukari, rage matakan glucose na jini, da haɓaka rashin haƙuri na glucose. Wannan yana ba da sabuwar hanya da yuwuwar zaɓin magani don maganin ciwon sukari. Idan aka kwatanta da magungunan ciwon sukari na gargajiya, Bam15 yana daidaita metabolism ta hanyar keɓantaccen tsari, yadda ya kamata yana sarrafa matakan glucose na jini ba tare da haifar da mummunan sakamako kamar hypoglycemia ba, don haka yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako na jiyya ga masu ciwon sukari.
Maganin ciwon hanta mai kitse mara barasa: Cutar hanta mai kitse ba ta barasa cuta ce ta hanta ta gama gari wacce ke da tarin lipid a cikin hanta. Bam15 na iya rage yawan steatosis na hanta da inganta aikin hanta ta hanyar daidaita metabolism na lipid da inganta mitochondrial autophagy. A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, nau'in nau'in cutar hanta mai kitse ba tare da barasa ba da aka yi amfani da su tare da Bam15 sun nuna raguwa mai yawa a cikin abun ciki na lipid hanta da inganta alamun aikin hanta.
Takaitawa
Bam15 ya yi niyya ga metabolism na mitochondrial, yana taka rawa a cikin mahimman matakai kamar rashin daidaituwar kuzari, juriya na insulin, cututtukan lipid, da sarrafa ingancin mitochondrial, ta haka yana ba da sabbin dabarun warkewa don cututtukan rayuwa kamar kiba, ciwon sukari, da cututtukan hanta mai kitse, da kuma matsalolin da ke tattare da su.
Sources
[1] Xiong G, Zhang K, Ma Y, et al. BAM15 a matsayin mitochondrial uncoupler: mai ba da gudummawar maganin warkewa don cututtuka daban-daban [J]. Iyaka a cikin Ilimin Ilimin Halittu, 2023,14:1252141.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1252141.
[1] Paris V, Alexopoulos S, HU Y, et al. Mitochondrial Uncoupler BAM15 Ameliorates Associated Metabolic PCOS Halayen a cikin Tsarin Motsaran PCOS na Hyperandrogenic [J]. Haihuwa & Haihuwa, 2022,04:208.DOI:10.1142/S266 13182227411 94.
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