Na Cocer Peptides 
26 lā aku nei.
ʻO ke ake, ma ke ʻano he kikowaena no ka metabolism a me ka detoxification i ke kino o ke kanaka, hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi e like me ka biosynthesis, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea ʻino. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka oxidative, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā toxin, a me nā maʻi metabolic nā kumu mua o ka hōʻeha ate, ka momona momona, a me ka fibrosis hepatic. ʻO ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka ate, detoxification, a me ke koʻikoʻi antioxidative aia i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka hana hepatocyte, hoʻonui i ka hana enzyme detoxifying, a me ka scavenging excessive free radicals. ʻO nā mea peptide, me kā lākou hana olaola kiʻekiʻe a me ka kikoʻī kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻoponopono pono i nā ala metabolic hepatic, pale i nā hepatocytes mai ka pōʻino oxidative, a hoʻoikaika i ka biotransformation a me ka excretion o nā meaʻawaʻawa, e puka mai ana ma ke ʻano he mea hana hou no ka pale ʻana a me ke komo ʻana i nā maʻi ate-e hōʻike ana i ka mana nui i ka maʻi ʻaʻa ʻawaʻawa, non-alcoholic fatty liver.
Kiʻi 1 Nā kumu pilikia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai momona ʻole (NAFLD). Source: He Review on the Protecting Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Berries Against a Silent Public Health Concern: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2024).
Nā ʻāpana noi kumu
1. Palekana Hepatic: Mālama i ka Hepatocyte Structural and Functional Integrity
Hoʻokumu nā mea peptide i kahi pale pale no ke ake ma o ka anti-apoptosis, pro-repair, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metabolism hepatocyte.
Ka pale ʻana i ka apoptosis hepatocyte
ʻO nā peptides i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Mitochondria (eg, SS-31) i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hepatic a me ka mitochondrial membranes, hoʻopaʻa i ka hiki o ka membrane mitochondrial a ke kāohi nei i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cytochrome C a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o caspase-3. Hoʻemi kēia i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative a i ʻole ka lāʻau apoptosis hepatocyte. ʻO kā lākou hopena pale i nā paʻakikī mitochondrial e mālama i ka metabolism ikehu hepatocyte, ʻoi aku ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka necrosis lobular hepatic i ka ʻeha ischemia-reperfusion.
ʻO nā peptides keleawe (e laʻa, GHK-Cu) paipai i ka phosphorylation o ka hepatocyte growth factor receptors, hoʻoulu i nā ala i lalo e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻoponopono DNA a me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o nā organelle i nā hepatocytes i poino. Kāohi hoʻi lākou i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mea ulu-β (TGF-β)-mediated fibrogenic hōʻailona, hoʻopaneʻe i ka holomua o ka hepatic fibrosis.
ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka membrane hepatic
ʻO nā peptides pale-ākeʻa e hoʻemi i ka komo ʻana o nā endotoxins a me nā metabolite toxic ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā protein junction paʻa i loko o nā membrane hepatic, e hoʻemi ana i ka pōʻino pololei i nā hepatocytes e nā mea inflammatory. ʻO kēia ka mea kūpono iā lākou no ka hana mua ʻana i ka maʻi ate ʻona.
Hōʻike 2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) hoʻoponopono a me ka NRF2-mitochondrial interplay i ka maʻi ate maʻi. Puna: Nā kuleana o ka NFR2-Regulated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Chronic Liver Diseases (2023).
2. Detoxification: Hoʻonui i ka Hepatic Biotransformation a me ka Excretion Functions
ʻO ka ate ke kino detoxification o ke kino, kuleana no ka metabolizing a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea exogenous e like me nā toxins a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā peptides pale i ka ate i nā kaʻina detoxification hepatic, e hāpai ana i ka metabolism a me ka excretion o nā mea ʻawaʻawa e hōʻemi i kā lākou hopena hepatotoxic.
Hoʻoulu ʻia o nā ala metabolic Phase I/II
ʻO Glutathione (GSH, e like me GSH precursor peptides), ma ke ʻano he antioxidant koʻikoʻi a me ka conjugation substrate i loko o nā hepatocytes, komo pololei i nā hopena detoxification Phase II ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā toxins electrophilic e hana i nā paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ma o ka bile. Hoʻonui kekahi mau peptides i nā mālama GSH intracellular a hoʻonui i ka hana o ka glutathione S-transferase (GST), ka wikiwiki o ka detoxification o ka acetaminophen a me nā metabolites waiʻona (e laʻa, acetaldehyde).
ʻO Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, e like me NAD-related peptides), ma ke ʻano he coenzyme no ka redox reactions, komo i nā hopena catalytic o nā enzyme Phase I e like me ka alcohol dehydrogenase a me ka cytochrome P450, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā lipophilic toxins i polar metabolites. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae NAD e hoʻonui i ka hana metabolic o ka ate no nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā toxins.
Hoʻoponopono i ka metabolism bile acid
ʻO nā peptides pale-āpaʻa (e laʻa, Pnc 27) ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻāla i ka farnesoid X receptor (FXR) a i ʻole pregnane X receptor (PXR), e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā enzymes nui a me nā mea lawe i komo i ka synthesis acid bile. Hoʻoikaika kēia i ka excretion bile acid, hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili intrahepatic o nā waikawa bile ʻona, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana pathological o ka maʻi ate cholestatic.
3. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi Antioxidative: Hoʻopau i nā Radical Free a hoʻoponopono i nā pōʻino oxidative
ʻO ka hōʻeha Hepatocyte ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi oxidative kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka holomua o ka maʻi ate. Hoʻohana nā mea peptide i nā hopena pale ma o ka antioxidation multi-target.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā radical manuahi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana enzyme
Hoʻopau pololei ʻo Glutathione i nā radical manuahi e like me nā anion superoxide a me ka hydrogen peroxide. Ma ke ʻano he substrate no ka glutathione peroxidase, hoʻopiʻi ia i ka emi ʻana o nā lipid peroxides, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino o ka lipid peroxidation membrane.
ʻO nā peptides antimicrobial (eg, LL37), ma waho aʻe o kā lākou mau hana antimicrobial, keʻakeʻa i ka NADPH oxidase e hōʻemi i ka hana ʻana o intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) i loko o nā hepatocytes, e pale ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ala hoʻoneʻe oxidative a pēlā e kāohi ai i ka apoptosis hepatocyte a me ka mea huna huna.
Palekana hana Mitochondrial
ʻO nā peptides i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mitochondria (eg, SS-31) e mālama i ka pale kaulike mitochondrial, e hōʻemi ana i ka mitochondrial fragmentation a me ka dysfunction. Mālama kēia i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ikehu paʻa i nā hepatocytes a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole i ka hopena o ka pōʻino oxidative i ka DNA a me nā protein.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea peptide i ka antioxidation a me ke olakino o ke ake e pili ana i nā ʻano kumu o ka pale hepatocyte, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ala detoxification, a me ka hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi oxidative, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena multidimensional no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ate. Ma ka huli ʻana i ka hana mitochondrial, hoʻopau i nā ʻōnaehana enzyme, a me ke kaulike redox, ʻaʻole wale kēia mau mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā radical manuahi a keʻakeʻa i ka apoptosis hepatocyte akā hoʻohou hou i nā phenotypes metabolic hepatic ma o ka nuclear receptor regulation-e hōʻike ana i nā pono mechanistic i ka hoʻokele piha ʻana o ka momona momona, ʻeha ate, a me ka fibrosis hepatic.
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a maʻi paha. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
