Na Cocer Peptides 
1 mahina aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
Ma ke kahua o ka nani a me ka mālama ʻili, ʻo nā lāʻau anti-wrinkle he kumuhana hoihoi nui. ʻO Snap-8 a me botulinum toxin ʻelua mau mea anti-wrinkle maʻamau, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano hana kūikawā a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi.
1. Mechanism of Action
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana a Snap-8: ʻO Snap-8 kahi peptide kikoʻī nona ka hana o ka hana e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka complex SNARE. Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka paʻakikī SNARE, hoʻemi ʻo Snap-8 i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurotransmitters, a laila e kāohi ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻiʻo a loaʻa i ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā wrinkles. Ma ka pae cellular, i ka wā e hoʻouna ʻia ai nā hōʻailona neural i nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo, hoʻomaka lākou i ke ʻano o nā pane physiological, me ka hui maʻamau o ka complex SNARE he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka neurotransmitter. ʻO ka hikiʻana o Snap-8 ke pale i ka hana maʻamau o ka SNARE complex, e alakaʻi ana i ka hikiʻole o nā neurotransmitters ke hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka synaptic cleft. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā cell muscle nā hōʻailona contraction, e hōʻemi ana i ka pinepine a me ka ikaika o nā ʻokiʻoki. Hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ke hoʻemi mālie i ka hohonu o nā wrinkles.
ʻO keʻano o ka hana o ka botulinum toxin: Botulinum toxin i hanaʻia e Clostridium botulinum he neurotoxin. Hana nui ia ma ka hui neuromuscular ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā protein e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neurotransmitter, e like me SNAP-25, a laila e pale ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ʻO ka Acetylcholine ka neurotransmitter kī e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona nerve i nā ʻiʻo a hoʻoulu i ka ʻokiʻoki. Ke ālai ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka acetylcholine, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻiʻo ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha. I nā ʻiʻo o ka helehelena, hoʻonāwaliwali ka botulinum toxin i ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo i ka wā o nā hiʻohiʻona maka, a laila e hōʻemi ana i nā wrinkle i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, e like me nā wāwae o ka crow a me nā laina glabellar.
2. Nā noi
Hoʻohana i nā huahana mālama ʻili - Snap-8: Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo Snap-8 i nā huahana mālama ʻili like ʻole, e like me nā creams a me nā serum. Aia kona pōmaikaʻi i ka lilo ʻana i mea hoʻohui anti-wrinkle haʻahaʻa kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻili. Ma ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā huahana mālama ʻili i loaʻa iā Snap-8 ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi mālie ʻia nā wrinkle o ka ʻili. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka ʻano huahana skincare, maʻalahi ia e hoʻohana a ʻaʻole koi i nā limahana lapaʻau ʻoihana e lawelawe, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pale e hoʻohana.
Noi i loko o ka nani a me ka Skincare Products - Botulinum Toxin: Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka toxin Botulinum i ka māla nani ma o ka injection. Hāʻawi pololei kēia ʻano hana i ka mea hana i nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo kikoʻī, e kuhikuhi ana i nā pilikia wrinkle. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka mālama ʻana i nā wrinkle static hohonu, e like me nā laina lae a me nā wāwae crow. Eia nō naʻe, koi ʻo Botox i nā limahana lapaʻau ʻoihana e lawelawe iā lākou, me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka dosage, nā wahi injection, a me nā papa. I ka hana ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wrinkle maka, pono nā kauka e helu a hoʻopaʻa pono i ka dosage Botox e pili ana i ke kūlana wrinkle o ka mea maʻi a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka maka no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena anti-wrinkle maikaʻi loa me ka pale ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻiʻo maka.
Nā noi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau - Snap-8: I kēia manawa, he liʻiliʻi loa ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka noi ʻana o Snap-8 i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kāna ʻano hana, hiki ke loaʻa ka waiwai ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau hoʻohui no kekahi mau kūlana haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻiʻo nui. No ka ʻehaʻeha o ka maka a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻomaha ʻia nā ʻano kumuhana i loaʻa iā Snap-8.
Nā Lapaʻau Lapaʻau - Botulinum Toxin: Loaʻa nā noi nui o ka Botulinum toxin i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka wrinkle cosmetic, hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i nā kūlana pili i ka ʻiʻo. I ka neurology, hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka dystonia, me ka cranial dystonia, cervical dystonia, a me limb dystonia. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka toxin botulinum i loko o nā ʻiʻo i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka dystonia, hoʻopuka ia i ka localized, controlled peripheral paralysis, e hoʻēmi ana i ka ʻeha nui o ka ʻiʻo a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hōʻailona. I loko o ka otolaryngology, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka botulinum toxin e mālama i nā kūlana e like me Lucia Frey syndrome, salivary fistula, excessive salivation syndrome, laryngeal dystonia, leo haʻalulu leo, vocal cord granuloma, synkinesis ma hope o ka facial nerve palsy, dysphagia, a me refractory rhinitis. Eia kekahi, i ka ophthalmology, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi ʻiʻo o ka maka, e like me ka blepharospasm.
Nā kumu
[1] Wee SY, Park E S. Immunogenicity o botulinum toxin[J]. Nā waihona o ka ʻauʻau kino-Aps, 2022,49(1):12-18.DOI:10.5999/aps.2021.00766.
[2] Dołomisiewicz D, Lipiec M, Mielniczek K, et al. Botulinum toxin - he hiʻohiʻona o nā noi i ka otorhinolaryngology[J].Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny, 2022. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254297988
