Ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o nā maʻi metabolic e like me ke kaumaha nui, ka momona, a me ka maʻi diabetes i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua lilo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i kumuhana wela i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Heluhelu hou aku

Hoʻoponopono nā ʻōnaehana metabolic a me endocrine i ka metabolism kanaka, ke kaulike o ka ikehu, a me ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma o kahi ʻoihana hormonal paʻakikī. Heluhelu hou aku

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā peptides noiʻi i nā molekole i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā laboratories, nona ka waiwai nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo kōkua no ka noiʻi ʻepekema ola a hoʻohana wale ʻia i loko o nā hoʻonohonoho noiʻi in vitro. ʻO ka 'noiʻi in vitro,' i loaʻa mai ka huaʻōlelo Latin 'in vitro' (ʻo ia hoʻi 'i ke aniani''), pili pono i nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ma nā kaiapuni hoʻokolohua i hoʻomalu ʻia, e like me ka moʻomeheu cell, molecular interaction analysis, a i ʻole biochemical reaction assays. Heluhelu hou aku

ʻO ka paʻa peptide kahi paʻa covalent maʻamau i loko o nā molekele protein, i hana ʻia ma o ka hopena condensation dehydration ma waena o ka pūʻulu α-carboxyl (α-COOH) o hoʻokahi waikawa amino a me ka pūʻulu α-amino (-NH₂) o kahi waikawa amino pili. ʻO kona ʻano kemika he paʻa amide. Heluhelu hou aku

ʻO nā ʻakika amino he mau mea olaola i loaʻa kahi pūʻulu α-amino (α-NH₂) a me kahi pūʻulu α-carboxyl (α-COOH), me ke ʻano maʻamau RCH(NH₂)COOH. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻātoma α-carbon i kahi pūʻulu kaulahao ʻaoʻao kikoʻī (R group), e hana ana i nā ʻāpana kumu kumu o nā macromolecules biological. Heluhelu hou aku

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka peptide ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hui peptide crude i loaʻa ma o ka synthesis a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano kino, kemika, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea olaola e loaʻa ai nā peptides target o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. Heluhelu hou aku

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe peptide e pili ana i ka nui o ka peptide e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka nui o ka solvent ma lalo o ka mahana a me nā kūlana pH, maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻike nui (g/L) a i ʻole ka molar concentration (mol/L). Ma ke ʻano he waiwai physicochemical koʻikoʻi, pili pono ia i nā kaʻina absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) o nā peptides i loko o vivo, a hoʻoholo pū i ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau, ka paʻa ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau peptide. Heluhelu hou aku

ʻO nā pūhui peptide, ma muli o kā lākou mau kaʻina amino acid a me nā hoʻolālā spatial, loaʻa ke ʻano o kā lākou mau hana olaola e maʻalahi loa i nā hopena o waho. ʻO ke kumu kumu nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka peptide ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā hopena kemika e like me ka degradation, oxidation, a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, no laila e mālama ai i kā lākou hana pono a me nā hana biological. Heluhelu hou aku

Hoʻohana mua ʻo Dermorphin i kāna mau hopena analgesic ma o ka launa pū ʻana me ka μ-opioid receptor (MOP). ʻO ka μ-opioid receptor he lālā koʻikoʻi o ka ʻohana opioid receptor a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻeha. Heluhelu hou aku