Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob metabolic xws li rog dhau, rog, thiab ntshav qab zib tseem nce ntxiv thoob ntiaj teb, kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj kho tau zoo dua tau dhau los ua cov ncauj lus kub hauv kev kho mob. Nyeem ntxiv

Cov kab mob metabolic thiab endocrine tswj tib neeg cov khoom siv metabolism, lub zog sib npaug, thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal. Nyeem ntxiv

Kev tshawb fawb peptides yog cov qauv tsim qauv tsim los ua ke hauv cov chaw soj nstuam, uas nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev muab cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua neej thiab tsuas yog siv hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. 'Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro,' muab los ntawm Latin lo lus 'in vitro' (lub ntsiab lus 'hauv iav'), tshwj xeeb yog hais txog cov kev tshawb fawb ua nyob rau hauv cov kev sim tswj cov kev sim, xws li kab lis kev cai ntawm tes, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas molecular, lossis kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas biochemical. Nyeem ntxiv

Ib daim ntawv cog lus peptide yog tus yam ntxwv covalent daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov protein molecules, tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm α-carboxyl pawg (α-COOH) ntawm ib qho amino acid thiab α-amino pawg (-NH₂) ntawm ib qho amino acid uas nyob ib sab. Nws cov tshuaj lom neeg yog ib daim ntawv cog lus amide. Nyeem ntxiv

Amino acids yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj α-amino pawg (α-NH₂) thiab α-carboxyl pawg (α-COOH), nrog rau cov qauv dav dav RCH (NH₂)COOH. Lub α-carbon atom yog txuas mus rau ib qho tshwj xeeb sab-chain pawg (R pab pawg), tsim cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm cov macromolecules lom. Nyeem ntxiv

Peptide purification yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais thiab ua kom cov khoom siv peptide sib xyaw ua ke tau los ntawm kev sib txuas lossis kev qhia siv lub cev, tshuaj, lossis cov txheej txheem lom neeg kom tau txais lub hom phiaj peptides siab purity. Nyeem ntxiv

Peptide solubility yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm peptide uas tuaj yeem yaj hauv ib chav ntim ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab pH, feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm huab hwm coj concentration (g / L) lossis molar concentration (mol / L). Raws li cov cuab yeej physicochemical tseem ceeb, nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev nqus, faib, metabolism, thiab tso tawm (ADME) cov txheej txheem ntawm peptides hauv vivo, thiab tseem txiav txim siab txog kev npaj thev naus laus zis, kev cia ruaj khov, thiab kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm peptide-based tshuaj. Nyeem ntxiv

Peptide tebchaw, vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb amino acid sequences thiab spatial cov qauv, muaj cov yam ntxwv uas lawv cov kev ua ub no lom neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam rau sab nraud ib puag ncig. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia peptide yog los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li degradation, oxidation, thiab kev sib sau ua ke, yog li tswj hwm lawv cov qauv kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg. Nyeem ntxiv

Dermorphin feem ntau siv nws cov teebmeem analgesic los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog μ-opioid receptor (MOP). Lub μ-opioid receptor yog tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg opioid receptor thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob. Nyeem ntxiv