GLP-2 20mg

▎ Kūlana GLP-2

▎ ʻImi GLP-2

He aha ke kumu noiʻi o GLP-2?

ʻO ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana o GLP-2 ma muli o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau metabolism a me ke koi no nā lāʻau hoʻokele paona. Loaʻa nā palena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau metabolism kuʻuna, ʻoiai ʻo GLP-1 receptor agonists e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mana glucose koko, e koi ana i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka papa like. Ma ke ʻano he GIP/GLP-1 ʻelua receptor agonist, hiki i ka GLP-2 ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i nā pae glucose koko. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka nui o ka nui a me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i hana i ka mālama paona i mea e koi koke ai. Loaʻa i ka GLP-1 receptor agonists nā hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i pahuhopu no ka pohō kaumaha. Ua loaʻa ka manaʻo o GLP-2 ma muli o kāna mau hopena hoʻemi kaumaha.

He aha ke ʻano o ka hana a GLP-2?

ʻO ka hana agonist receptor pālua: 

ʻO GLP-2 kahi glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) a me ka glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist [1,2] (Wong E, 2023; Kumar D, 2022). ʻO GLP-1 a me GIP nā hormones incretin i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis glucose. Hoʻohana ʻo GLP-2 i kahi hopena synergistic ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka GLP-1 a me GIP receptors, a laila hoʻoponopono i nā pae glucose koko.

Hoʻoponopono i ka insulin a me ka huna ʻana o ka glucagon: 

Hoʻonui ia i ka synthesis a me ka huna ʻana o ka insulin i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka glucagon ma ke ʻano pili glucose. Ke piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i ke koko, hoʻoulu ʻo GLP-2 i nā pancreatic β-cells e huna i ka insulin, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glucose, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae glucose koko; I ka manawa like, ke kāohi nei ia i nā pancreatic α-cells mai ka huna ʻana i ka glucagon, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka glucose hepatic, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko, a me ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka hoʻokē ʻai a me nā pae glucose koko postprandial ^[1,3].

Nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe: 

Hoʻoikaika pū ʻo GLP-2 i ka māʻona, e pili ana paha i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea loaʻa GLP-1, e hana ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kikowaena hoʻoponopono makemake, e alakaʻi ana i nā mea maʻi e hōʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai a ma laila e kōkua ai i ka pohō kaumaha. Hoʻopaneʻe ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻōpū, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e waiho ai ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū a komo mālie i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a laila e pale ai i ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko ^[1].

Kiʻi 1 Mechanism o ka hana o T irzepatide ^[6].

He aha nā mea hoʻohana o T irzepatide?

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka metabolism type 2: 

Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo GLP-2 no ka mālama ʻana i nā poʻe maʻi makua me ke ʻano 2 metabolism ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻāʻo SURPASS e hoʻemi nui ka GLP-2 i nā pae hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), me ka hoʻemi ʻana mai -1.87% a i -2.59% (-20 a -28 mmol/mol). Hōʻike pū ia i ka mana glycemic kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau agonist receptor GLP-1, e like me GLP-1 1 mg i ka hoʻāʻo SUPRASS-2. Eia hou, hiki iā ia ke hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kino, me ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha mai -6.2 a -12.9 kg i nā haʻawina hauʻoli, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā poʻe maʻi me ke ʻano 2 metabolism i loaʻa pinepine i nā pilikia kaumaha a i ʻole ka momona ^[1,4].

Ka mālama ʻana i ka momona: 

No ka mea, hoʻolalelale ʻo GLP-2 i ka māʻona, hoʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, a hoʻolalelale i ke kaumaha, loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai therapeutic no nā maʻi me ka momona. Hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ma luna o 20%, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana metabolic o ka poʻe maʻi, a lawelawe i kahi koho lapaʻau hou no ka momona, kōkua i nā poʻe maʻi obese e hoʻemi i ka kaumaha a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā maʻi like ʻole e pili ana i ka momona ^[1,2].

Hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi cardiovascular: 

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ke ʻano 2 metabolism ke alo pinepine i ka piʻi nui o ka maʻi cardiovascular. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kō koko a me ke kaumaha, he hopena maikaʻi ʻo GLP-2 i nā hōʻailona pili i ka cardiovascular, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko, hoʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili momona visceral, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pae triglyceride, e kōkua ana e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi cardiovascular a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena cardiovascular o nā maʻi ^[4].

Hiki ke mālama ʻia no ka steatohepatitis non-alcoholic (NASH): 

Loaʻa i ka GLP-2 nā hopena lapaʻau i ka NASH. Ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka naʻau o ka insulin a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka glucose a me ka metabolism lipid, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka steatosis hepatic a me ka mumū, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kuhikuhi hou no ka mālama NASH ^[5].

Ka hopena

Ma ke ʻano he GIP/GLP-1 ʻelua receptor agonist, ua hōʻike ʻo GLP-2 i ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka metabolism a me nā maʻi metabolic. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin a me ka glucagon, ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka māʻona, hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono ia i nā pae hemoglobin A1c a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka maʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻomaikaʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea pilikia cardiovascular e like me ka pae lipid a me ke kahe koko a hōʻike i ka pono i ka steatohepatitis non-alcoholic.

No ka mea kakau

ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.

Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo De Block C me ke Kulanui o Antwerp a me kāna mau ʻoihana pili i Belgium, me ka Inflamed Ctr Excellence, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA a me Univ Hosp Antwerp), a me ka Infla Med Ctr Excellence. ʻO kāna noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano aʻoaʻo, e like me Endocrinology & Diabetes, kahi e nānā ai ʻo ia i nā hormones a me nā maʻi metabolic; Gastroenterology & Hepatology, e ʻimi ana i nā maʻi ʻai a me nā ate; General & Internal Medicine, e kamaʻilio ana i ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau o loko; Nutrition & Dietetics, e noiʻi ana i ka meaʻai a me kona hopena olakino; a me Urology & Nephrology, ke aʻo ʻana i ka pathology a me ka hana lapaʻau o nā maʻi mimi a me nā maʻi maʻi. He haumana ʻo ia me nā haʻawina nui i nā ʻoihana lapaʻau he nui. Ua helu ʻia ʻo De Block C ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi [4].

▎ Nā ʻōlelo pili

[1] Wong E, Cope R, Dima L, et al. GLP-2: ʻAlua Glucose-hilinaʻi Insulinotropic Polypeptide a me Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist no ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi diabetes Mellitus [J]. American Journal of Therapeutics, 2023,30(1):e26-e35.DOI:10.1097/MJT.0000000000001588.

[2] Kumar D, Harshidha D, Mousigan M, et al. He Manaʻo ma luna o GLP-2, ʻelua-Targeted Lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi a me ka momona [J]. International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth, 2022,7:983.DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7420605.

[3] Sweta, Gupta S, Bansal S, et al. ʻO GLP-2 kahi molekele anti diabetic hou e wehe i ka hana pālua [J]. E ʻike i ke olakino lehulehu, 2024,21(1):75.DOI:10.1186/s12982-024-00200-2.

[4] De Block C, Bailey C, Wysham C, et al. ʻO GLP-2 no ka mālama ʻana i nā pākeke me ke ʻano 2 metabolism: He hiʻohiʻona endocrine [J]. Diabetes Obesity & Diabetes, 2023,25(1):3-17.DOI:10.1111/dom.14831.

[5] Sood A, Kaur P, Syed O, et al. Hoʻololi i ka mālama metabolism: wehe i ka hiki o GLP-2 i ka mana glycemic a ma waho aʻe [J]. Ka Manaʻo Manaʻo o Clinical Pharmacology, 2024,17(3):235-246.DOI:10.1080/17512433.2024.2310070.

[6] Grover-Páez F, Gómez A, Suárez A, et al. Mai kahi hoʻokokoke glycocentric i ka mea maʻi me ke ʻano 2 metabolism mellitus a hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka multi-organ prevention a me ka emi ʻana o nā hopena neuro-nephro-cardiovascular.[M]//2023.DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1002363.

ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.  

ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana i lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama a hoʻōla i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.