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INGINGO ZOSE N'AMAKURU Y’IBICURUZWA BITANZWE KURI URU RUBUGA BISANZWE KUBONA AMAKURU N'INTEGO Z'UBUREZI.
Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe kururu rubuga bigenewe gusa mubushakashatsi bwa vitro. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vitro (Ikilatini: * mu kirahure *, bisobanura mu bikoresho by'ibirahure) bikorwa hanze y'umubiri w'umuntu. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari imiti, ntabwo byemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA), kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa mu gukumira, kuvura, cyangwa gukiza indwara iyo ari yo yose y’ubuvuzi, indwara, cyangwa indwara. Birabujijwe rwose n'amategeko kwinjiza ibyo bicuruzwa mumubiri wabantu cyangwa inyamaswa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Incamake
Ubuzima bwubuhumekero bumaze igihe cyibandwaho mubushakashatsi mubuvuzi nubumenyi bwubuzima. Mugihe dusobanukiwe n'amayobera yubuzima bugenda bwiyongera, uruhare rwibintu bitandukanye bioaktike mugukomeza imirimo isanzwe yubuhumekero ndetse no gutangira no gutera indwara buhoro buhoro. Isano iri hagati ya Bronchogen nubuzima bwubuhumekero ntabwo ikubiyemo inzira zifatika zifatika gusa ahubwo ifitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwindwara zindwara zubuhumekero.
Ibinyabuzima biranga Bronchogen
(1) Ibiranga Imiterere
Bronchogen ifite imiterere yihariye ya molekile. Irimo domaine yihariye ikora yitabira imikoranire nizindi biomolecules, nko guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile hamwe no kumenya poroteyine zijyanye n'inzira zerekana ibimenyetso. Uru rwego rwimiterere rugize ishingiro ryimikorere yibinyabuzima, rugena aho rugenewe nuburyo bwo gukora muburyo bwubuhumekero.
(2) Inkomoko nogukwirakwiza
Mu mubiri, Bronchogen ifite amasoko menshi. Irashobora guhuzwa no gusohora ingirabuzimafatizo zaho mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, nka selile epithelial selile na selile selile. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukora imvugo ya genes zijyanye no gusubiza ibintu byihariye, bityo bigahuza Bronchogen. Bronchogen irashobora kandi kujyanwa mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ikoresheje amaraso ava mu zindi ngingo n'ingingo. Mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza, Bronchogen iboneka ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, harimo izuru ryizuru, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, na alveoli. Ubwinshi bwa Bronchogen burashobora gutandukana mubice bitandukanye bitewe nibikorwa bya physiologique byaho hamwe na patologi. Ubu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza bufitanye isano rya hafi na fiyologiki yimikorere yimikorere yubuhumekero nakarere gakunze kwibasirwa nindwara.
Uruhare rwa Bronchogen mumikorere yubuhumekero
(1) Ingaruka zo Gukingira
Amabwiriza yibikorwa bya selile
Bronchogen irashobora kugenzura neza imikorere yingirabuzimafatizo ziri mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Irashobora kuzamura imikorere ya fagocytike ya macrophage, bityo igashimangira ubushobozi bwabo bwo kumenya no kurandura virusi. Nkumurongo wingenzi wokwirinda sisitemu yubuhumekero bwubuhumekero, imikorere ya macrophage yorohereza gukuraho byihuse bagiteri, virusi, nizindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi, bityo bikomeza kuringaniza ubudahangarwa mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Bronchogen kandi igenga itandukaniro nogukwirakwiza kwa lymphocytes T na lymphocytes B, bigira ingaruka kumyerekezo nicyerekezo cyibisubizo byihariye byumubiri. Iyo uhuye n'indwara ziterwa na virusi, Bronchogen irashobora kuyobora lymphocytes T gutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye nka Th1 cyangwa Th2, bityo bikamenya niba igisubizo cyumudugudu gishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa giteye urwenya, byemeza ko sisitemu y’umubiri ishobora gufata ingamba zifatika zo gusubiza zishingiye ku bwoko bwa virusi.
Amabwiriza yo gusohora ibintu birinda umubiri
Mugihe cyo kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, Bronchogen nayo igira uruhare runini mugutegekanya ibintu bitandukanye birinda umubiri. Irashobora guteza imbere ururenda ruciriritse rwibintu bitera indwara nka interleukine (urugero, IL-1, IL-6) hamwe nikibyimba cya niyose (TNF-α). Izi ngingo zitera inflammatory kwinjiza ingirabuzimafatizo aho zanduye mugihe cyambere cyo kwandura, zigatangira igisubizo kibabaza, kugirango zirwanye igitero cya virusi. Bronchogen irinda kandi gusohora gukabije kwibi bintu bitera umuriro, ikirinda ibisubizo bitagenzuwe bishobora kwangiza imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Byongeye kandi, Bronchogen iteza imbere gusohora ibintu birwanya inflammatory (nka IL-10), bigira ingaruka zo kurwanya inflammatory mugihe cyanyuma cyo gutwika, bikorohereza gusana ingirangingo zubuhumekero no gukemura umuriro, bityo bikagumya guhagarara neza mumyanya yubuhumekero yimbere.
(2) Kugumana Ubusugire bw'Ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubuhumekero
Guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ry'utugari no gusana
Ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zikora nk'inzitizi ya mbere y'umubiri y'ubuhumekero, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwabo ni ingenzi mu kwirinda igitero cya virusi. Bronchogen iteza ubwiyongere bw'uturemangingo twa epiteliyale y'ubuhumekero kandi byihutisha gusana ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse. Nyuma yo gukomeretsa mu myanya y'ubuhumekero iterwa no gukanguka hanze (nk'umwotsi cyangwa imiti), Bronchogen ikora inzira yerekana ibimenyetso, harimo inzira ya MAPK yerekana inzira n'inzira ya PI3K-Akt. Gukora kuriyi nzira biteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo zigenda zitera imbere, bigafasha ingirabuzimafatizo ya epiteliyale kuva mu cyiciro cya quiescent ikagera ku cyiciro cyo gukwirakwira, bityo umubare w’utugari ukuzuza uduce twangiritse no kugarura ubusugire bwa selitile.
Amabwiriza yo guhuza imiyoboro
Usibye guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ry'utugingo ngengabuzima, Bronchogen agira uruhare mu kugenzura isano iri hagati ya selile zifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Epiteliyale selile ikora inzitizi ikomeza binyuze mumyubakire nkibintu bifatanye kandi bifatanye. Bronchogen irashobora kugenga imvugo nogukwirakwiza izo poroteyine zihuza (nka occludin na claudin), bikagumya guhuza imiyoboro ihuza imitsi. Iyo selile zifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero zanduye virusi cyangwa ziterwa no gutwikwa, ihuriro ry'imitsi rishobora guhungabana, bigatuma imikorere ya bariyeri idahungabana. Bronchogen irashobora gusana bidatinze no gushimangira iyo miyoboro, ikarinda indwara ziterwa n’ibintu byangiza kwinjira mu gice cy’imyanya myanya y'ubuhumekero, bityo bigatuma imikorere isanzwe y’imyanya y'ubuhumekero.
(3) Kugena imyuka yo mu kirere no gusiba
Amabwiriza yo gusohora kwa mucus
Umwuka wo mu kirere ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize uburyo bwo kwirinda inzira z'ubuhumekero, bushobora gufata no gukuraho indwara ziterwa na virusi, umukungugu, n'ibindi bice by'amahanga. Bronchogen igira uruhare runini mugusohora umwuka. Ibyo bigerwaho no guhuza reseptors hejuru ya selile yubuhumekero ya epiteliyale yubuhumekero, gukora inzira yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana inzira, no kugenzura imiterere ya genes ya mucin hamwe no guhuza no gusohora ururenda mu ngirabuzimafatizo (nka selile goblet). Ururenda rukwiye ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero n'imikorere isanzwe yo kwirwanaho. Bronchogen igenga neza urwego rwimyanya myibarukiro ikurikije physiologique ikenera inzira yubuhumekero, ikemeza ko mucus ifata neza uduce duto two mumahanga idateye inzitizi zumuyaga kubera gusohora gukabije.
Gutezimbere kwa Mucus
Usibye kugenzura ururenda, Bronchogen iteza imbere ururenda mu myuka. Yongera inshuro na amplitude yo gukubita ciliary mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Nka 'abiyuhagira ' b'inzira z'ubuhumekero, injyana ya cilia ikubita itera urusenda hamwe nuduce tw’amahanga itwara yerekeza ku mwuka uhumeka, hanyuma ikirukanwa mu mubiri ikoresheje inkorora cyangwa ubundi buryo. Bronchogen yongerera imbaraga za ciliary muguhindura imiyoboro ya ion no kwerekana inzira mumasemburo ya ciliated, nko kugenzura calcium ya ion hamwe no gukora protein kinase, bityo bikarushaho kunoza ururenda no gukomeza guhumeka neza.
Ihuriro Hagati ya Bronchogen n'indwara z'ubuhumekero
(1) Asima
Impinduka murwego rwa Bronchogen mubarwayi ba asima
Mu barwayi ba asima, urwego n'imikorere ya Bronchogen bikunze guhinduka cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mugihe cya asima, kwibumbira hamwe kwa Bronchogen mumuyaga bishobora kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka bidasanzwe. Mu barwayi bamwe na bamwe barwaye asima, urugero rwa Bronchogen mu myuka yo mu kirere ruri hasi cyane ugereranije n’abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kwangirika kw ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu kirere, bigatuma synthèse igabanuka no gusohora kwa Bronchogen. Mu barwayi bamwe na bamwe barwaye asima, nubwo Bronchogen yibanda mu myuka yo mu kirere ishobora kuguma mu ntera zisanzwe, isuzuma ry’imikorere ryerekana ko ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura imikorere y’uturemangingo ndetse no kurwanya indwara ziterwa na anti-inflammatory, byerekana ko ibikorwa by’ibinyabuzima bya Bronchogen byahinduye abarwayi ba asima.
Uruhare rwa Bronchogen muri Pathogenezi ya Asima
Urebye asima yatera indwara, Bronchogen igira uruhare munzira nyinshi. Amabwiriza adasanzwe yimikorere yubudahangarwa na Bronchogen atera ubudahangarwa bukabije bwumubiri kuri allergène kubarwayi ba asima. Ku barwayi ba asima, imikorere mibi ya Bronchogen itera gukora cyane mu ngirabuzimafatizo za Th2, zisohora cytokine nyinshi (nka IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, n'ibindi), Izi cytokine zitera kwinjira no gukora ingirabuzimafatizo nka eosinofile mu myuka yo mu kirere, bigatera uburibwe bwo mu kirere hamwe na hyperresponsiveness. Uruhare rwa Bronchogen rwacogoye mukubungabunga ubusugire bwimyanya myanya yubuhumekero ituma utugingo ngengabuzima tworoha cyane kwangirika kwa allergens hamwe n’abunzi batera umuriro, bikarushaho gukaza umurego wo guhumeka no guhindura inzira, bityo bigatuma asima itangira kandi igatera imbere.
(2) Indwara idakira yuburwayi (COPD)
Ibiranga Bronchogen mu barwayi ba COPD
Mu myuka ihumeka y'abarwayi ba COPD, Bronchogen yerekana kandi imiterere itandukanye n'iy'abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Mugihe COPD igenda itera imbere, kwibanda no gukwirakwiza Bronchogen mumuyaga bihinduka. Mu bihaha no mu myanya myuka y’abarwayi ba COPD, intumbero ya Bronchogen irashobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi imvugo yayo muri selile epithelial selile na selile selile ziragabanuka cyane. Izi mpinduka zifitanye isano rya bugufi no kugabanuka kwimikorere yibihaha no kwiyongera k'umuriro uhumeka ku barwayi ba COPD. Imiterere ya molekuline ya Bronchogen mu barwayi ba COPD irashobora guhinduka, bigatuma ibikorwa byibinyabuzima bigabanuka kandi bikabangamira imikorere isanzwe mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.
Uruhare rwa Bronchogen mubikorwa byindwara ya COPD
Bronchogen nayo igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byindwara ya COPD. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga indwara ya COPD harimo gutwika umwuka, gusohora cyane kwa mucus, gusenya parenchyma y'ibihaha, no guhindura inzira yo guhumeka. Bitewe no kugabanuka kwimikorere yubudahangarwa na Bronchogen, ibisubizo byumuriro mumuyaga birakomeza kandi biragoye kubigenzura. Utugingo ngengabuzima nka neutrophile na macrophage twirundanya cyane mu myuka ihumeka, tukarekura abunzi batandukanye ndetse na protease, biganisha ku kwangirika kw'ibihaha no kwangiza imiterere y'umwuka. Ubusumbane mu mabwiriza ya Bronchogen agenga imyuka yo mu kirere no gusohora biva mu musemburo ukabije ndetse no kutaboneka neza, bikarushaho kwiyongera ku guhagarika inzira. Kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwa Bronchogen mugutezimbere epiteliyale yubuhumekero no gukomeza guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo byihutisha inzira yo guhindura imyuka ihumeka, amaherezo biganisha ku kwangirika kwimikorere yibihaha kubarwayi ba COPD.
(3) Indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero
Uruhare rwa Bronchogen mu kwandura indwara
Mugihe c'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, Bronchogen igira uruhare mu kurinda umubiri. Iyo bagiteri yibasiye inzira y'ubuhumekero, Bronchogen irashobora gukora ingirabuzimafatizo, ikongerera ubushobozi bwa fagocytike na cytotoxic kurwanya bagiteri. Bronchogen kandi igenga ururenda rwibintu birinda umubiri, igakora ibidukikije byangiza umubiri bifasha ibikorwa bya antibacterial. Irashobora guteza imbere imvugo ya peptide yica mikorobe, ikora kuri bagiteri mu buryo butaziguye, igahagarika ingirabuzimafatizo zabo hamwe n'inkuta za selile, bityo bikabuza gukura kwa bagiteri no kubyara. Nyamara, mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe zandura za bagiteri, virusi zishobora kubangamira synthesis ya Bronchogen n'imikorere, bigatuma igabanuka ry'ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umubiri kandi bigatuma kwandura bigorana.
Uruhare rwa Bronchogen mu kwandura virusi
Bronchogen nayo igira uruhare runini mu kwandura virusi z'ubuhumekero. Mugihe cyambere cyo kwandura virusi, Bronchogen irashobora gukora ingirabuzimafatizo z'umubiri (nka selile dendritic selile selile selile selile selile) kugirango itangire gukingira virusi. Itera gusohora cytokine ya virusi nka interferon, ishobora kubuza kwandura virusi no gukwirakwira, bikagabanya ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Bronchogen kandi igenga uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, igateza imbere kumenyekanisha no gusubiza Lymphocytes T na lymphocytes B kuri virusi ya virusi, bigatuma habaho antibodi zihariye na selile cytotoxic T, bityo bikuraho burundu selile zanduye virusi.
Umwanzuro
Bronchogen igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga ubuzima bwubuhumekero no gutera indwara zubuhumekero. Mu bihe bitandukanye by'ubuhumekero nka asima, COPD, n'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, urwego, imikorere, no gukwirakwiza Bronchogen birahindurwa, kandi bigira uruhare mu buryo bwa patrophysiologique bw'izi ndwara.
Inkomoko
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