Amakuru ya Peptide

Ijambo 'peptide ' rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki 'πέσσειν ' (péssein), risobanura 'gusya. Peptide bond, ari amide bond, ituruka kumyuka ya dehidrasi hagati ya α-carboxyl groupe ya acide amine imwe na α-amino yandi. Urutonde rwa aminide acide, peptide ifite aside amine 2 kugeza kuri 20 yitwa oligopeptide, abafite 20 kugeza kuri 50 ni polypeptide, kandi urutonde rurenga 50 aside amine ifite imiterere yihariye isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa nka poroteyine. Peptide mubisanzwe ifite uburemere bwa molekile munsi ya 10 kDa. Soma Ibikurikira

Umubumbe wa peptide ni umwihariko wa covalent muri molekile ya poroteyine, ikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kubura umwuma hagati ya α-carboxyl (α-COOH) ya aside amine hamwe nitsinda α-amino (-NH₂) ya aside amine yegeranye. Imiterere yimiti ni isano hagati. Soma Ibikurikira

Peptide synthesis bivuga inzira yo kubaka aside amine ikurikirana no gukora amide (urugero, peptide bond) ikoresheje uburyo bwa chimique cyangwa biologiya, cyane cyane ituma hubakwa ibihimbano bya molekile ya oligopeptide cyangwa polypeptide ifite imikorere yihariye yibinyabuzima. Nka shami rikomeye rya chimie bioorganic, tekinoroji yibanda kubikorwa byo gutoranya aminide acide amino, guhuza icyerekezo, no kugenzura neza inteko ikurikirana, ikurikirana ibintu byose uhereye kuri miligarama nini ya laboratoire kugeza ku nganda zingana na kilo. Bishingiye ku ngamba zinyuranye za syntetique, ishyirwa muburyo bwa biosynetique bushingiye kuri sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima hamwe na synthesis ya chimique ishingiye kumahame ya synthesis. Soma Ibikurikira

Peptide solubilité bivuga umubare ntarengwa wa peptide ushobora gushonga mubunini bwumubyimba wubushyuhe bwihariye nubushyuhe bwa pH, mubisanzwe birangwa nubushuhe bwinshi (g / L) cyangwa kwibumbira hamwe (mol / L). Nkumutungo wingenzi wa fiziki-chimique, bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo kwinjiza, gukwirakwiza, metabolisme, no gusohora (ADME) ya peptide muri vivo, kandi ikanagena ikoranabuhanga ryitegura, ihagarikwa ryububiko, hamwe nubuvuzi bukoreshwa nubuvuzi bwa peptide. Soma Ibikurikira

Amino acide ni ibinyabuzima birimo α-amino itsinda (α-NH₂) nitsinda α-carboxyl (α-COOH), hamwe na formula rusange RCH (NH₂) COOH. Atom α-karubone ihujwe nitsinda ryihariye ryuruhererekane (R itsinda), rigizwe nibice shingiro byimiterere ya macromolecules. Soma Ibikurikira

Peptide yoza ni inzira yo gutandukanya no gukungahaza imvange ya peptide yimbuto yabonetse binyuze muri synthesis cyangwa imvugo ukoresheje uburyo bwumubiri, imiti, cyangwa ibinyabuzima kugirango ubone peptide yibintu byera cyane. Soma Ibikurikira

Peptide ivanze, bitewe na aside amine yihariye ikurikirana hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, bifite ibimenyetso biranga ibikorwa byabo byibinyabuzima byibasirwa cyane n’ibidukikije. Impamvu y'ibanze yo kubika peptide ni ukurinda imiti y’imiti nko kwangirika, okiside, hamwe no kwegeranya, bityo bikagumana ubusugire bwimiterere n'imikorere yibinyabuzima. Soma Ibikurikira

Ubushakashatsi bwa peptide bwakozwe na molekile ikora neza ikomatanyirizwa muri laboratoire, agaciro kayo kibanze mugutanga inkunga yibikoresho byubushakashatsi bwubuzima kandi bigakoreshwa gusa mubushakashatsi bwa vitro. ' Soma Ibikurikira