Ozi Peptide

Okwu a bụ 'peptide' sitere na okwu Grik 'πέσσειν' (péssein), nke pụtara 'ịgbari.' Otu peptide bụ ngwakọta nke amino acid jikọtara site na peptide bonds. Njikọ Peptide, nke bụ njikọ amide, na-esite na njupụta nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ n'etiti otu α-carboxyl nke otu amino acid na otu α-amino nke ọzọ. Nkewa site na ọnụ ọgụgụ amino acid, peptides nwere amino acid 2 ruo 20 ka a na-akpọ oligopeptides, ndị nwere 20 ruo 50 bụ polypeptides, na usoro gafere amino acid 50 nwere oghere oghere ka a na-ekewakarị dị ka protein. Peptides na-enwekarị ịdị arọ molekụla n'okpuru 10 kDa. GỤKWUO

Njikọ peptide bụ njirimara covalent njikọ dị n'ime ụmụ irighiri protein, nke etolite site na mmeghachi omume nkụnye mmiri n'etiti otu α-carboxyl (α-COOH) nke otu amino acid na otu α-amino (-NH₂) nke amino acid dị n'akụkụ. Ọdịdị kemịkal ya bụ njikọ amide. GỤKWUO

Ngwakọta peptide na-ezo aka na usoro iwulite usoro amino acid na imepụta njikọ amide (ya bụ, njikọ peptide) site na ụzọ kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ ndu, na-enyere aka wuo oligopeptide ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ polypeptide arụrụ arụ ọrụ. Dị ka ngalaba dị oke egwu nke kemịkalụ bioorganic, teknụzụ a na-elekwasị anya n'ime nhọrọ nke amino acid monomers, njikọ ntụzịaka, na njikwa ziri ezi nke mgbakọ usoro, na-agbasa ụdịdị dị iche iche site na nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha milligram ruo na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ kilogram. Dabere na atụmatụ sịntetik dị iche iche, a na-ekewa ya na ụzọ biosynthetic na-adabere na usoro ndu na ụzọ njikọ kemịkalụ gbadoro ụkwụ na ụkpụrụ njikọ organic. GỤKWUO

Peptide solubility na-ezo aka na oke peptide nwere ike igbari n'ime otu olu nke ihe mgbaze n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kpọmkwem na ọnọdụ pH, nke a na-ejikarị mkpokọta mkpokọta (g / L) ma ọ bụ mkpokọta molar (mol / L). Dị ka ihe onwunwe physicochemical dị oke egwu, ọ na-emetụta kpọmkwem ntinye, nkesa, metabolism, na excretion (ADME) nke peptides na vivo, ma na-ekpebikwa nkà na ụzụ nkwadebe, nkwụsi ike nchekwa, na ngwa ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ nke ọgwụ ndị dabeere na peptide. GỤKWUO

Amino acids bụ ogige organic nwere otu α-amino (α-NH₂) na otu α-carboxyl (α-COOH), nwere usoro izugbe RCH (NH₂) COOH. Atọm α-carbon jikọtara ya na otu akụkụ-agbụ a kapịrị ọnụ (R Group), na-eme usoro nhazi ntọala nke macromolecules dị ndụ. GỤKWUO

Peptide dị ọcha bụ usoro nkewa na ime ka ngwakọta peptide crude nweta site na njikọ ma ọ bụ nkwupụta site na iji anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ, ma ọ bụ usoro ndu iji nweta peptides lekwasịrị anya nke ịdị ọcha dị elu. GỤKWUO

Ngwakọta peptide, n'ihi usoro amino acid ha kpọmkwem na nhazi oghere, nwere njirimara na ihe omume ndụ ha na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Ebumnuche bụ isi maka nchekwa peptide bụ igbochi mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị ka mmebi, oxidation, na mkpokọta, si otú ahụ na-edobe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nhazi ha na ọrụ ndu. GỤKWUO

A haziri peptides nyocha arụ ọrụ arụpụtara na ụlọ nyocha, nke uru ya bụ inye nkwado akụrụngwa maka nyocha sayensị ndụ yana ejiri ya naanị na ntọala nyocha vitro. 'Nnyocha in vitro,' ewepụtara site na okwu Latịn 'in vitro' (nke pụtara 'n'ime iko'), na-ezo aka na ọmụmụ ndị e mere na gburugburu nnwale nke ejiri aka arụsị, dị ka omenala cell, nyocha mmekọrịta molecular, ma ọ bụ nyocha mmeghachi omume biochemical. GỤKWUO