By Cocer Peptides 
1 ọnwa gara aga
Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.
Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.
Nchịkọta
TB 500, nke a makwaara dị ka Thymosin Beta-4, bụ peptide nke nwere amino acid 43 mejupụtara. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na usoro physiological dị iche iche na ahụ mmadụ, karịsịa na mgbake ahụ ike. TB 500 na mbụ dịpụrụ adịpụ site na anụ ahụ thymus, nchọpụta egosiwokwa na ọ nwere ọrụ nchịkwa dị mkpa na mbugharị cell, angiogenesis, na nrụzi anụ ahụ.
Site n'echiche nhazi nke ihe omimi, usoro amino acid pụrụ iche nke TB 500 na-enye ọrụ ndu kpọmkwem. Nkwụsi ike nhazi ya na-enyere ya aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'ofe gburugburu physiological dị iche iche, na-atọ ntọala maka ọrụ ya na mgbake ahụ. A na-ekesa peptide a n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime ahụ niile, yana nnukwu ego dị na anụ ahụ akwara, na-egosi njikọ na ọrụ physiological muscle.
Ọgụgụ 1 ọgwụgwọ TB4 na-esochi njikọ akwara obi na-eme ka ọrụ myocardial dịkwuo mma na vivo. Nkesa nke mkpụmkpụ ventricular ventricular ekpe (FS).
Usoro nke TB 500 na-akwalite mgbake akwara
(1) Mbugharị cell na usoro mmeghari ohuru
Nkwalite nke mbugharị myoblast
Na-esochi mmerụ ahụ ahụ, myoblast migration dị oke mkpa maka ịrụzi saịtị mebiri emebi. TB 500 nwere ike jikọta ya na ndị na-anabata ya kpọmkwem na akpụkpọ ahụ cell, mee ka ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular rụọ ọrụ, ma kwalite myoblast ịkwaga na saịtị ahụ merụrụ ahụ. Nnyocha egosila na nnwale mkpụrụ ndụ vitro, ịgbakwụnye TB 500 na-eme ka ọsọ ọsọ myoblast dị ngwa ma na-abawanye anya ọpụpụ. Usoro a na-agụnye nhazigharị nke cytoskeleton, na TB 500 nwere ike ịhazi polymerization na depolymerization nke actin, na-eme ka myoblasts nwee ike ịkwaga nke ọma na mpaghara ahụ mebiri emebi ma nye isi iyi cellular dị mkpa maka ịmaliteghachi anụ ahụ.
Satellite Cell rụọ ọrụ na ọdịiche
Selụ satịlaịtị bụ sel steepụ n'ime anụ ahụ nke enwere ike ịgbalite ma kewaa n'ime myoblasts n'elu mmerụ ahụ ahụ, mechaa na-agbakọta iji mepụta eriri akwara ọhụrụ. TB 500 na-eme ka akara mmalite nke sel satịlaịtị na-akwalite, na-akwalite mgbanwe ha site na ọnọdụ dị jụụ gaa na ọnọdụ ịba ụba. Ọ na-ahazi okwu nke ihe odide ederede dị mkpa, dị ka MyoD na Myf5, iji duzie sel satịlaịtị gaa n'ichepụta myoblast. N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, ịgbanye TB 500 n'ime mpaghara ahụ n'ime akwara merụrụ ahụ butere mmụba dị ukwuu n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sel satịlaịtị na-arụ ọrụ, yana mmụba dị ukwuu na ịdị mma nke akwara akwara etolite ọhụrụ, na-egosi na TB 500 na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịkwalite mmụba nke akwara satịlaịtị na-emegharị ahụ.
(2) Angiogenesis Mechanism
Mmalite nke nkwupụta Uto Endothelial Vascular (VEGF).
Angiogenesis dị oké mkpa maka mgbake akwara, ebe ọ na-enye oxygen na nri nri na anụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ mgbe ọ na-ewepụ ihe mkpofu nke metabolic. TB 500 nwere ike kpalie mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na sel mesenchymal gbara ya gburugburu iji gosipụta ihe na-akpata uto endothelial vaskụla (VEGF). VEGF bụ isi ihe na-achịkwa angiogenesis, na-akwalite mmụba, mbugharị, na nhazi tubule nke sel endothelial vaskụla. Nnyocha na-egosi na n'ime anụ ahụ a na-eji TB 500 agwọ ọrịa, ma mRNA na nkwupụta protein nke VEGF na-ebuli elu nke ukwuu. A na-enweta nnabata a site na ịgbalite ụzọ mgbama intracellular akọwapụtara, dị ka ụzọ akara PI3K-Akt na MAPK. Ịkwalite ụzọ ndị a na-akwalite nsụgharị na nsụgharị nke mkpụrụ ndụ VEGF, si otú ahụ na-amụba ihe nzuzo nke VEGF ma na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọbara ọhụrụ dị ọhụrụ, na-eme ka ọbara na-enye ahụ ike merụrụ ahụ.
Ntugharị 2 Mgbanwe na mmemme ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ nke ẹmbrayo, jikọtara ya na ikpughe ugboro ugboro na ihe mgbakasị mpụga na nke ime, na-ebute mgbanwe dị iche iche nke pathological na obi okenye n'oge ndụ anyị niile.
Ịkwụsị usoro nke arịa ọbara ọhụrụ
Na mgbakwunye na ịkpalite angiogenesis, TB 500 na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado nhazi nke arịa ọbara ọhụrụ. Ọ na-ahazi nhazi na nhazigharị nke matriks extracellular (ECM), na-enyere arịa ọbara ọhụrụ aka ịbanye nke ọma n'ime anụ ahụ gbara ya gburugburu. TB 500 na-akwalite njikọ nke ECM components dị ka collagen na fibronectin mgbe ha na-edozi matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) na anụ ahụ ha inhibitors (TIMPs), na-egbochi arịa ọbara ọhụrụ ka ọ ghara imebi site na oke mmebi. N'ime oge ikpeazụ nke angiogenesis, omume a nke TB 500 na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ọrụ nke arịa ọbara ọhụrụ, na-ahụ na uru ahụ merụrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta nri na-edozi ahụ nke ọma na ịkwalite mgbake ahụ.
(3) Usoro nchịkwa mgbochi mkpali na mgbochi
Mgbochi nke nkwupụta ihe na-akpata ọzịza
mmerụ ahụ akwara na-ebute nzaghachi mkpali, na oke mbufụt nwere ike ime ka mmebi ahụ dịkwuo njọ. TB 500 nwere ihe mgbochi mkpali, na-egbochi nkwupụta nke ihe mkpali dị iche iche dị ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), na interleukin-6 (IL-6). N'oge mbufụt, TB 500 nwere ike jikọta na ndị na-anabata ya n'elu sel ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, mee ka ụzọ mgbaàmà intracellular anti-inflammatory, na-egbochi nsụgharị na nsụgharị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa cytokine. N'ụdị mbufụt nke anụmanụ, mgbe ejiri TB 500, ọkwa nke TNF-α, IL-1β, na IL-6 na anụ ahụ anụ ahụ belatara nke ukwuu, na ntinye nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-egbu egbu na-ebelatakwa. Nke a na-egosi na TB 500 na-ebelata mmeghachi omume mkpali na-esochi mmerụ ahụ ahụ site n'igbochi okwu nke ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke, si otú ahụ na-akwalite mgbake ahụ.
Na-achịkwa ọrụ cell na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ
TB 500 nwekwara ike ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na-akwalite nzaghachi mgbochi ọrịa na-akwado nrụzi anụ ahụ. Ọ nwere ike imetụta polarization nke macrophages, na-eme ka ha gbanwee site na pro-inflammatory M1 ụdị na mgbochi mkpali na pro-mmezi M2 ụdị. Ụdị macrophages nke M2 nwere ike zoo ihe dị iche iche na-eto eto na cytokines, dị ka insulin-dị ka ihe na-eto eto-1 (IGF-1) na-agbanwe ihe na-eto eto-β (TGF-β), nke na-enyere aka ịkwalite mmụba na nrụzi sel muscle. Na mgbakwunye, TB 500 nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ T lymphocyte, na-egbochi mmeghachi omume mgbochi oke iji gbochie mmebi nke anụ ahụ nke ahụ. Site n'ịgbanwe ọrụ cell na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, TB 500 na-ahazi nzaghachi mgbochi ahụ na-esochi mmerụ ahụ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-akwalite nrụzi na mgbake ahụ.
Ọrụ TB 500 na mgbake akwara
(1) Na-emeziwanye mmerụ ahụ akwara
Ogologo oge mmezi
Ma ọ bụ nnukwu ahụ ike ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala, TB 500 nwere ike belata oge nrụzi nke uru ahụ. N'ime nnwale ụmụ anụmanụ, mgbe ha mebisịrị ahụ ike, otu nnwale ahụ ejiri TB 500 mesoo ya gosipụtara ọnụego ọgwụgwọ dị ngwa ngwa na saịtị nke mmebi ahụ. Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme gosiri na otu nnwale ahụ gosipụtara eriri akwara na arịa ọbara ọhụrụ n'ime obere oge, ntinye sel mkpali na-ebelatakwa ngwa ngwa. N'ọmụmụ ihe mmadụ, maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-enwe nsogbu ahụ ike kpatara site na ọzụzụ dị elu, mgbe nchịkwa mpaghara ma ọ bụ nchịkwa usoro nke TB 500, ndị ọrịa na-akọ na mbụ enyemaka nke mgbu mgbu na mbelata dị ukwuu na oge achọrọ maka mgbake na-arụ ọrụ ahụ ike, na-enyere ha aka ịlaghachi na ọzụzụ na asọmpi ngwa ngwa.
Na-emeziwanye ogo nrụzi
TB 500 abụghị naanị na-eme ka nrụzi mmerụ ahụ dị ngwa ngwa kamakwa ọ na-eme ka nrụzi dị mma. Site na usoro ndị dị ka ịkwalite mbugharị myoblast, ịgbalite cell cell na ọdịiche, na angiogenesis, TB 500 na-eme ka anụ ahụ mezie arụziri na-arụ ọrụ na nso akwara nkịtị. A na-ahazi eriri akwara ndị a na-emezigharị n'otu n'otu, na ike ịgbatị akwara na ntachi obi na-eweghachikwa nke ọma. Mgbe iji TB 500 rụkwaa uru ahụ merụrụ ahụ, ọdịiche dị na ike nkwekọrịta kachasị na ike ike ọgwụgwụ oge dị n'etiti uru ahụ arụziri na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ dị ntakịrị, na-egosi na TB 500 na-eme ka nrụzi mmerụ ahụ dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata mmetụta ogologo oge nke mmerụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ moto.
(2) Na-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ akwara
Iwu Metabolism Energy
Ike ike ọgwụgwụ akwara nwere njikọ chiri anya na nsogbu metabolism ike. TB 500 nwere ike ịhazi usoro metabolism ume n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, na-eme ka nrụpụta ike dị mma ma si otú a belata ike ọgwụgwụ akwara. Ọ na-akwalite mitochondrial biogenesis na ọrụ, na-amụba nọmba mitochondrial na ọrụ, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ akwara nwee ume iku ume nke ọma ma mepụta adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, TB 500 nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ nke enzymes na-etinye aka na glucose metabolism na fatty acid metabolism, na-eme ka ojiji nke ike ike. N'oge mmega ahụ, TB 500 nwere ike ịkwalite mmebi oxidative nke fatty acids, na-enye uru ahụ ike karịa, na-ebelata mkpokọta lactic acid, na-egbu oge mmalite nke ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ.
Iwu Nchegbu Oxidative
N'oge mmega ahụ, a na-emepụta nnukwu ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS), nke na-eduga ná nrụgide oxidative, nke bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-akpata ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ. TB 500 nwere akụrụngwa antioxidant, na-eme ka ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant intracellular dị ka superoxide dismutase (SOD) na glutathione peroxidase (GPx), na-ebelata mkpokọta ROS, na ibelata nrụgide oxidative na-akpata mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, ụmụ anụmanụ ejiri TB 500 mebere ya gosipụtara ihe nrịbama nrụgide oxidative dị ala na anụ ahụ na ike ọgwụgwụ akwara dị nro ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa mgbe mmega ahụ ogologo oge gasịrị. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-egosi na TB 500 na-ebelata mmebi mkpụrụ ndụ akwara ma na-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ site n'ịhazi nzaghachi nrụgide oxidative, si otú ahụ na-ejigide ọrụ anụ ahụ nkịtị.
(3) Na-akwalite uto na mmepe akwara
Njikọ Protein Muscle na-akpali akpali
TB 500 na-akwalite njikọ protein muscle site na ịgbalite ụzọ akara mTOR n'ime sel. mTOR bụ ihe dị mkpa molekul na-achịkwa njikọ protein, na-akwalite biosynthesis ribosomal na ọrụ mmalite ntụgharị protein, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ọnụego njikọ protein muscle. TB 500 na-achịkwa okwu nke ihe odide ederede, gụnyere NF-κB, nke na-emetụta njikọ protein muscle na-apụtaghị ìhè. Nnwale omenala sel vitro gosiri na ịgbakwụnye TB 500 mụbara njikọ protein n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, ụmụ anụmanụ ejiri TB 500 gwọọ ogologo oge gosipụtara mmụba dị ukwuu na oke akwara na ike. TB 500 na-akwalite uto na mmepe akwara site na-akpali njikọ protein muscle.
Na-achịkwa mgbanwe ụdị eriri akwara
A na-ekewa ụdị eriri akwara n'ime eriri ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa, nke dị iche na arụmọrụ mmega ahụ na njirimara metabolic. TB 500 nwere ike ịhazi ntughari ụdị eriri akwara, na-eduzi ya na ntụzịaka ka enyere aka ịkwalite arụmọrụ egwuregwu. Nnyocha egosila na TB 500 na-akwalite ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ejikọta fiber na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, dị ka ụdị myosin heavy chain (MyHC) nke na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ na-egbochi okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara eriri ngwa ngwa.
Ngwa nke TB 500 na Mweghachi Muscle
(1) Ngwa na Egwuregwu
Mgbochi na iweghachite mmerụ ahụ ndị egwuregwu
N'egwuregwu asọmpi, ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eche ọzụzụ ọzụzụ na asọmpi dị elu, na-ebute nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ahụ. Site n'inye TB 500 n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị tupu ọzụzụ, a pụrụ ime ka ahụ ike na-eguzogide mmerụ ahụ, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke mmerụ ahụ dị ka mgbagwoju anya na ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-enwe mmerụ ahụ ahụ, iji TB 500 mee ihe n'oge maka ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ime ka nrụzi mmerụ ahụ dịkwuo ngwa, belata oge mgbake, ma mee ka ndị na-eme egwuregwu laghachi n'asọmpi ngwa ngwa. N'ụfọdụ egwu na egwuregwu egwuregwu na egwuregwu bọọlụ, ndị egwuregwu amalitela ịnwale TB 500 iji kwalite mgbake mmerụ ahụ ma nweta nsonaazụ dị mma.
Ịkwalite arụmọrụ egwuregwu
TB 500 nwekwara ike ịkwalite arụmọrụ egwuregwu site na ibelata ike ọgwụgwụ anụ ahụ yana ịkwalite uto na mmepe akwara. Na egwuregwu ntachi obi, TB 500's regulatory effects on energy metabolism na oxidative stress nwere ike igbu oge mmalite nke ike ọgwụgwụ akwara, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọkwa ntachi obi nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu dịkwuo mma. N'egwuregwu ike, mkpali nke TB 500 nke njikọ protein muscle na nhazi nke ntụgharị ụdị eriri akwara nwere ike ịbawanye ike anụ ahụ na ike mgbawa.
(2) Ngwa na Ọgwụ Ntugharị
Ọgwụgwọ Mmeghachi Ahụhụ Ahụhụ
N'ime ọgwụ ntughari, enwere ike iji TB 500 mee ihe dị ka ọgwụgwọ mgbakwunye maka imezi mmerụ ahụ ahụ. Maka ndị ọrịa nwere mmerụ ahụ akwara nke trauma, ịwa ahụ, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ kpatara, ijikọta ọgwụgwọ mmezigharị oge na iji TB 500 nwere ike ịkwalite nsonaazụ nrụzigharị. N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere mmerụ ahụ ahụ na-esochi mgbaji, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi mpaghara ma ọ bụ nchịkwa sistemu nke TB 500 n'akụkụ ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ na ọzụzụ mmegharị ahụ nwere ike mee ka mgbake ike na arụ ọrụ dị ngwa ngwa, si otú a na-ebelata oge nhazigharị ahụ. Ndị dibia bekee nwere ike ịhazi atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ TB 500 dabere na ọnọdụ onye ọrịa ahụ akọwapụtara, gụnyere usoro onunu ogwu, ugboro ole, na ụzọ nchịkwa, iji nweta nsonaazụ nrụzi kacha mma.
Ọgụgụ 3: Echiche nke iji ụmụ irighiri ihe zoro ezo na-arụ ọrụ tupu ịmụ nwa iji weghachi ọrụ akụkụ ahụ na ndị agadi.
Ọgwụgwọ nke atrophy muscle jikọtara ya na nsogbu akwara ozi
Ụfọdụ ọrịa akwara ozi, dị ka mmerụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ azụ na amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), nwere ike iduga atrophy muscle. TB 500 nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na atrophy muscle jikọtara ya na ọrịa akwara ozi site n'ịkwalite mmụba mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na igbochi apoptosis cell muscle. N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, maka ụdị atrophy akwara kpatara mmerụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ azụ, ojiji nke TB 500 butere mmụba dị ukwuu na ogo nke atrophy muscle, na-eweghachi oke akwara na ike akụkụ ụfọdụ.
Mmechi
TB 500 nwere ike ịkwalite mgbake akwara. Site na usoro ndị dị ka ịkwaga cell na mmụgharị, angiogenesis, na mgbochi mkpali na nchịkwa nchịkwa, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịrụzi mmerụ ahụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, na uto na mmepe. N'egwuregwu egwuregwu, ọ nwere ike inyere ndị na-eme egwuregwu aka igbochi na ịgwọ mmerụ ahụ anụ ahụ ma melite arụmọrụ egwuregwu; n'ọhịa nke ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka mmerụ ahụ na-edozi ahụ na ọgwụgwọ nke atrophy muscle metụtara ọrịa akwara.
Isi mmalite
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