Bayanin Peptide

Kalmar 'peptide' ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Helenanci 'πέσσειν' (péssein), ma'ana 'don narkewa.' peptide wani fili ne da amino acid ke samuwa ta hanyar haɗin peptide. Peptide bond, waxanda suke da haɗin kai, sun taso ne daga rashin ruwa tsakanin rukunin α-carboxyl na ɗaya amino acid da α-amino rukuni na wani. An rarraba su ta hanyar ƙididdigar amino acid, peptides masu amino acid 2 zuwa 20 ana kiransu oligopeptides, waɗanda ke da 20 zuwa 50 polypeptides ne, kuma jerin abubuwan da suka wuce amino acid 50 tare da ƙayyadaddun tsarin sararin samaniya gabaɗaya ana rarraba su azaman sunadaran. Peptides yawanci suna da nauyin kwayoyin da ke ƙasa da 10 kDa. Kara karantawa

Haɗin peptide siffa ce ta haɗin kai a cikin ƙwayoyin sunadaran sunadaran, waɗanda aka samo su ta hanyar halayen rashin ruwa tsakanin ƙungiyar α-carboxyl (α-COOH) na amino acid ɗaya da ƙungiyar α-amino (-NH₂) na amino acid kusa. Yanayin sinadarai shi ne haɗin kan amide. Kara karantawa

Haɗin Peptide yana nufin tsarin gina jerin amino acid da samar da haɗin gwiwar amide (watau peptide bond) ta hanyar sinadarai ko ilimin halitta, da gaske yana ba da damar aikin wucin gadi na oligopeptide ko ƙwayoyin polypeptide tare da takamaiman ayyuka na halitta. A matsayin reshe mai mahimmanci na sinadarai na halittu, wannan fasaha tana mai da hankali kan zaɓin kunna amino acid monomers, haɗin kai, da madaidaicin iko na taron jeri, wanda ya mamaye cikakken bakan daga shirye-shiryen dakin gwaje-gwaje na milligram zuwa samar da masana'antu na kilogiram. Dangane da dabaru daban-daban na roba, an kasafta shi cikin hanyoyin biosynthetic dangane da tsarin halittu da hanyoyin hada sinadaran da aka kafa a cikin ka'idojin hada kwayoyin halitta. Kara karantawa

Peptide solubility yana nufin matsakaicin adadin peptide wanda zai iya narkewa a cikin juzu'in juzu'i na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin pH, yawanci ana bayyana shi ta hanyar taro mai yawa (g/L) ko ƙwayar molar (mol/L). A matsayin mahimmancin dukiya na physicochemical, kai tsaye yana rinjayar sha, rarraba, metabolism, da excretion (ADME) na peptides a cikin vivo, kuma yana ƙayyade fasahar shirye-shiryen, kwanciyar hankali na ajiya, da kuma tasirin aikace-aikacen asibiti na magungunan peptide. Kara karantawa

Amino acid mahadi ne na halitta da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar α-amino (α-NH₂) da ƙungiyar α-carboxyl (α-COOH), tare da maƙasudin gabaɗaya RCH (NH₂) COOH. Atom ɗin α-carbon yana da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun rukunin sarkar gefe (R ƙungiyar), wanda ke samar da mahimman raka'a na macromolecules na halitta. Kara karantawa

Tsabtace Peptide shine tsari na rarrabuwa da haɓaka gaurayawan ɗanyen peptide da aka samu ta hanyar haɗawa ko magana ta amfani da hanyoyin zahiri, sinadarai, ko ilimin halitta don samun peptides masu tsafta. Kara karantawa

Abubuwan da ake kira peptide, saboda takamaiman jerin amino acid ɗinsu da sifofi na sararin samaniya, suna da halayen cewa ayyukansu na rayuwa suna da saurin kamuwa da tasirin muhalli na waje. Dalilin farko na ajiyar peptide shine don hana halayen sinadarai kamar lalata, oxidation, da tarawa, don haka kiyaye amincin tsarin su da ayyukan nazarin halittu. Kara karantawa

Binciken peptides an tsara su ta hanyar aikin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje, waɗanda ainihin ƙimar su ta ta'allaka ne wajen samar da tallafin kayan aiki don binciken kimiyyar rayuwa kuma ana amfani da su kawai a cikin saitunan bincike na in vitro. 'Bincike cikin vitro,' an samo shi daga kalmar Latin 'in vitro' (ma'ana 'a cikin gilashi'), musamman yana nufin binciken da aka gudanar a cikin mahallin gwaji na wucin gadi, kamar al'adun tantanin halitta, nazarin mu'amalar kwayoyin halitta, ko tantance halayen halayen halitta. Kara karantawa