By Cocer Peptides 
kwanaki 23 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Tsufa, a matsayin wani tsari na halitta wanda ba makawa a cikin halittu masu rai, ya daɗe yana zama tushen binciken kimiyya. Yayin da kwayoyin halitta suka tsufa, sel sannu a hankali suna shiga yanayin da ba a iya gani ba, kuma tarin wadannan kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da mummunan aiki na kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka daban-daban da suka shafi shekaru. FOX04 - DRI yana da amfani don share sel masu hankali.
Dubawa
DSIP peptide, Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide, ne neuro-regulatory peptide bio-regulatorer. Yana inganta tsarin barci. Bugu da ƙari, yana rinjayar tsarin zafin jiki, yawan zuciya, hawan jini, kofa na ciwo, da tsarin kwayoyin lymphatic, tare da waɗannan tasirin da ke nuna dogara ga hawan hawan circadian.
Hanyar Ayyukan DSIP Peptide akan Barci
Dokokin Neurotransmitter
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT): 5-HT ne mai mahimmanci neurotransmitter mai dangantaka da tsarin barci. A cikin jihohin rashin barci, irin su samfurin rashin barci na PCPA, matakan 5-HT sun ragu sosai. Bincike ya nuna cewa DSIP peptides na iya ƙara matakan 5-HT a cikin nama na hippocampal, don haka inganta barci. 5-HT na iya daidaita tashin hankali na neuronal ta hanyar yin aiki akan nau'ikan nau'ikan masu karɓa daban-daban, ta haka ne ke yin tasirin sake zagayowar bacci. 5-HT1A agonists masu karɓa na iya inganta motsin ido mara sauri (NREM), yayin da masu adawa da 5-HT2A na iya rage lokacin farkawa, kuma suna ƙara yawan lokacin barci. DSIP peptides na iya yin tasirin tsarin su akan barci ta hanyar daidaita sakin, sake ɗauka, ko hulɗa tare da masu karɓa na 5-HT.
Dopamine (DA): Dopamine kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin bacci. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, ayyukan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dopaminergic suna ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye farkawa. Rashin daidaituwa a matakan dopamine na iya haifar da rashin barci. A wasu nau'ikan rashin bacci, matakan dopamine suna raguwa, kuma peptides na DSIP na iya dawo da matakan dopamine a wani yanki. Dopamine yana daidaita siginar jijiya ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓar dopamine daban-daban. DSIP peptides na iya inganta barci ta hanyar rinjayar ayyukan dopaminergic neurons, daidaita tsarin dopamine, saki, ko metabolism. Yana iya yin aiki akan mahimman enzymes waɗanda ke cikin haɗin gwiwar dopamine, kamar tyrosine hydroxylase, yana shafar ƙimar haɓakawar dopamine kuma ta haka yana tasiri ma'aunin bacci.
Glutamate (Glu): Glutamate shine farkon neurotransmitter mai ban sha'awa a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. A lokacin rashin barci, ana iya canza matakan glutamate. Nazarin kimiyya sun gano cewa peptides na DSIP na iya daidaita matakan glutamate a cikin nama na hippocampal, yana ƙara rage matakan glutamate a wasu samfuran. Glutamate yana daidaita haɓakar neuronal ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓar ionotropic da metabotropic glutamate. DSIP peptides na iya kula da ma'auni mai ban sha'awa na neuronal ta hanyar daidaita aikin mai karɓa na glutamate ko rinjayar sakin glutamate da hanyoyin ɗauka, don haka yana yin tasiri mai kyau akan barci. Za su iya canza ayyukan masu jigilar glutamate don sarrafa yawan abubuwan glutamate na waje, hana wuce kima ko rashin isasshen matakan yin illa ga bacci.
Melatonin (MT): Melatonin shine hormone amine wanda glandan pineal ya ɓoye wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yanayin farkawa. A cikin ƙirar bera na rashin barci, matakan melatonin a cikin hippocampus sun ragu sosai, kuma DSIP peptide ya sami damar ƙara matakan melatonin. Melatonin yana daidaita hawan circadian da barci ta hanyar ɗaure ga masu karɓar MT1 da MT2. DSIP na iya yin tasirin sa na ka'ida akan barci ta hanyar tasirin melatonin kira da ɓoyewa a cikin glandar pineal, ko ta hanyar daidaita magana da aikin masu karɓar melatonin. Yana iya daidaita ayyukan mahimman enzymes da ke cikin haɗin gwiwar melatonin, irin su aromatase N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), ta haka yana tasiri matakan haɗin melatonin.
Hoto 2 Bayanin FOXO4 a cikin gwaje-gwajen ɗan adam da aka gano ta hanyar lalatawar immunofluorescent.
Tasiri akan ƙwayoyin neuronal
A cikin ƙirar bera na rashin barci da PCPA ta haifar, HE tabo ya bayyana cewa ƙungiyar ƙirar berayen sun baje kolin haɓakar wurare masu yawa na tsaka-tsaki, ƙaramin girman tantanin halitta, tsarin halittar jiki mara daidaituwa, da matrix mara kyau a cikin nama na hippocampal. Ya bambanta, ƙungiyar DSIP peptide da aka yi amfani da ita (irin su peptide na barci tare da ƙungiyar peptide mai shiga tantanin halitta P-DSIP) ya nuna raguwar wurare masu tsaka-tsaki, ƙarin tsarin tsarin salula, da kuma rarraba nau'i a cikin ƙwayar hippocampal. Wannan yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide zai iya inganta lalacewar da ke haifar da barci ga jijiyoyi na hippocampal, kula da tsarin su na yau da kullum da tsarin su, ta haka ne tabbatar da ayyukansu na yau da kullum, da sauƙaƙe tsarin barci. Tsarin al'ada na neurons shine tushe don watsa siginar jijiya da haɗin kai. Tasirin kariyar DSIP peptide akan ƙwayoyin neuronal na iya taimakawa wajen dawo da aikin yau da kullun na hanyoyin jijiyoyi masu alaƙa da tsarin bacci.
DSIP peptides na iya yin tasiri ga ayyukan electrophysiological neuronal. Neurons suna watsa bayanai ta hanyar samar da yuwuwar aiki, kuma yanayin ayyukan lantarki na neurons suna canzawa yayin barci. DSIP peptides na iya tsara tashoshi ion akan membranes na sel neuronal, canza haɓakawar neuronal da mitar harbe-harbe, ta haka yana tasiri jihohin barci. Za su iya haɓaka ayyukan wasu tashoshi na potassium ion, suna sa neurons su fi dacewa don shiga yanayin hutawa da inganta farkon barci.
Hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da shingen jini-kwakwalwa
Katangar jini-kwakwalwa (BBB) wani muhimmin shinge ne tsakanin jini da nama na kwakwalwa, yana hana shigar da abubuwa da yawa daga jini zuwa nama na kwakwalwa. Metabolism na peptides na DSIP a shingen kwakwalwar jini yana haɓaka ta aminopeptidases. A cikin al'adar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (BBMEC, samfurin shinge na jini-kwakwalwa), peptidyl dipeptidase A kuma yana iya daidaita DSIP ta hanyar yin hydrolyzing dipeptides ko tripeptides daga tashar carboxy na wannan nonapeptide. Ta ƙara peptidyl dipeptidase A inhibitors (kamar captopril) da aminopeptidase inhibitors (irin su besartan), DSIP metabolism a cikin BBMECs za a iya daidaita su gaba daya, yana nuna cewa ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan waɗannan enzymes, ƙarin peptides na DSIP na iya haye shingen kwakwalwar jini kuma su kai ga barcin barci. Wani bincike ya yi ƙoƙarin haɗa peptides na DSIP tare da peptides masu iya ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa (kamar CBBBP) don samar da peptides na DSIP-CBBBP. Wadannan peptides na fusion na iya mafi kyawun daidaita matakan neurotransmitter, kamar 5-HT, glutamate, dopamine, da melatonin, yana haifar da ingantacciyar tasiri akan inganta bacci. Ta hanyar inganta ƙarfin DSIP peptides don ketare shingen kwakwalwar jini, za a iya inganta tasirin su akan barci.
Matsayin DSIP peptides a inganta barci
1. Ƙara yawan lokacin barci
A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, DSIP peptides sun nuna ikon ƙara yawan lokacin barci a cikin dabbobi, ba tare da la'akari da ko ana gudanar da su ta hanyar intravenous ko hanci ba. A cikin gwaje-gwajen tare da fararen zomaye na New Zealand, allurar cikin jijiya na peptides na DSIP ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin jimlar lokacin barci idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kula da saline. Gudanar da intranasal yana da tasiri daidai, tare da ƙungiyar intranasal na New Zealand fararen zomaye suna nuna tsawon lokacin barci fiye da rukunin saline. Wannan yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide zai iya inganta farkon barci a cikin dabbobi da kuma kula da tsawon lokacin barci. Ƙara yawan lokacin barci yana da mahimmanci don farfadowa na jiki da kuma kula da ayyukan ilimin lissafi na al'ada, saboda yana ba da damar dukkanin gabobin da tsarin su huta da kyau, suna taimakawa wajen gyara nama, tsarin tsarin endocrin, da sauran matakai.
A cikin ƙirar bera da aka fallasa ga hypoxia low-pressure (HH), sa baki tare da phosphorylated DSIP peptide (p-DSIP) an gudanar da shi. Dangane da sakamakon, p-DSIP ya haɓaka barcin motsin ido mara sauri (NREM) da saurin motsin ido (REM) a cikin berayen, yana ƙaruwa duka lokacin bacci. Wannan yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide yana inganta barci a cikin jihohin barci daban-daban, inganta tsarin barci da haɓaka ingancin barci.
2. Tsawaita tsawon lokacin bacci a hankali
Slow-wave barci (SWS), wanda kuma aka sani da zurfin barci, yana da mahimmanci don farfadowa da gyara jiki. DSIP peptide mahimmanci yana ƙara tsawon lokacin bacci a hankali a cikin dabbobi. A cikin gwaje-gwajen tare da fararen zomaye na New Zealand, duka gudanarwar ciki da kuma intranasal na DSIP sun haifar da tsawon lokacin jinkirin jinkirin barci a cikin rukunin da aka kula da su idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kula da saline. A lokacin matakan barcin jinkirin jinkirin, adadin kuzari yana raguwa, kuma ayyukan ilimin lissafi irin su bugun zuciya da numfashi suna raguwa, barin jiki ya shiga cikin gyaran kansa da kuma ajiyar makamashi. DSIP peptides na iya tsawaita tsawon lokacin bacci a hankali, don haka haɓaka ƙarfin dawo da jiki, rage gajiya, da ƙarfafa rigakafi.
Daga hangen nesa na neurobiological, DSIP peptides na iya daidaita matakan neurotransmitter, ƙara 5-HT da matakan melatonin, da kuma hana wuce kima neuronal tashin hankali a cikin kwakwalwa, don haka inganta farawa da kula da jinkirin barci. Tasirin kariyar sa akan sel neuronal, kiyaye tsarin su na yau da kullun da aikin su, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar yanayin jijiyoyi da ke dacewa da jinkirin bacci.
3. Inganta halayen bacci
A cikin gwaje-gwajen ɗabi'a, kamar gwajin filin buɗe, haɓaka da gwajin maze, da gwajin dakatarwar wutsiya, peptides na DSIP sun nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ɗabi'a na dabbobi marasa barci. A cikin gwajin filin buɗewa, ƙirar ƙungiyar berayen sun nuna raguwar nisan motsi da lokacin aiki, yayin da berayen da aka bi da su tare da DSIP peptide (misali, ƙungiyar P-DSIP) sun nuna haɓakar nisan motsi da lokacin aiki, yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide na iya inganta ƙarfin aiki na berayen da ba su da barci da kuma rage hana ayyukan da ke haifar da rashin bacci. A cikin gwajin daɗaɗɗen maze, adadin lokutan ƙungiyar berayen samfurin sun shiga buɗaɗɗen hannu kuma lokacin da aka kashe a buɗe hannu ya ragu sosai. Duk da haka, bayan gudanar da DSIP peptide, kamar a cikin ƙungiyar P-DSIP, yawan lokutan da berayen suka shiga hannun hannu kuma lokacin da aka kashe a hannun budewa ya karu sosai, yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide zai iya inganta halin damuwa-kamar hali a cikin berayen marasa barci. A cikin gwajin dakatarwar wutsiya, berayen ƙungiyar ƙirar sun nuna babban haɓaka a lokacin rashin motsi da raguwar raguwar lokacin gwagwarmaya. Duk da haka, bayan gudanar da DSIP peptide (irin su GABA kungiyar, P-DSIP kungiyar, da kuma DSIP kungiyar), berayen sun nuna gagarumin raguwa a lokacin rashin motsi da kuma karuwa mai yawa a lokacin gwagwarmaya, yana nuna cewa DSIP peptide zai iya inganta halin rashin tausayi-kamar hali a cikin berayen marasa barci. DSIP peptide zai iya inganta al'amuran motsin rai da halayen da rashin barci ya haifar.
Aikace-aikace na DSIP Peptide a cikin Dokar Barci
A cikin bincike na asibiti, a wasu ƙananan abubuwan lura na asibiti, bayan gudanar da abubuwan da suka shafi DSIP peptide ga marasa lafiya marasa barci, ingancin barcin wasu marasa lafiya ya inganta zuwa digiri daban-daban, kamar gajeren lokacin barci, ƙara zurfin barci, da rage farkawa da dare. Bugu da ƙari, DSIP peptide za a iya amfani da shi kadai don maganin rashin barci ko a hade tare da wasu magungunan barci na gargajiya. Bincike ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da wasu magungunan anxiolytic ko antidepressant, DSIP peptides suna nuna tasirin haɗin gwiwa, inganta ingantaccen barcin marasa lafiya da yanayin tunanin mutum. Lokacin amfani dashi tare da benzodiazepines, peptides na DSIP na iya rage yawan adadin benzodiazepines, rage haɗarin mummunan halayen, da haɓaka tasirin warkewa.
Kammalawa
A matsayin mai kula da barci na dabi'a, DSIP peptide yana nuna inganci a cikin hanyoyin daidaita bacci, tasirin inganta bacci, da bangarorin aikace-aikace.
Sources
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[4] Yehuda S, Carasso R L. DSIP - kayan aiki don bincika tsarin fara barci: bita[J]. Jarida ta Duniya na Neuroscience, 1988,38 (3-4): 345-353.DOI: 10.3109/00207458808990695.
[5] Obál FJ, Kovalzon VM, Kalkevich VN, et al. Dangantakar tsari-ayyukan aiki a cikin tasirin peptide mai haifar da bacci (DSIP) akan baccin bera[J]. Pharmacology Biochemistry da Halaye, 1986,24(4):889-894.DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(86)90432-6.
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