Na Cocer Peptides bin rayt am 
23 dez bifo
ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.
Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.
Fɔ ol, as natin we nɔ go ɛva apin na di tin dɛn we gɛt layf, dɔn bi wan men tin we sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn du fɔ lɔng tɛm. as di כganism dεm de ol, sכmtεm di sεl dεm de go insay wan stet we de sכmtεm sכmtεm sכmtεm, εn we dεn sεl dεm ya de kכmכt kin ambɔg di nכmal fכnshכn fכ di tisu dεm εn כgan dεm, we kin mek dεn gεt difrεn sik dεm we de kכmכt frכm di ej. FOX04 – DRI na bεnεfit fכ klia senesεnt sεl dεm.
Ovaviu fɔ di tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn lan
DSIP pεptida, Delta-Slip-Inducing Pεptida, na nyuro-rεgεlεtכri pεptida bayo-rεgεlεt. I de mek pɔsin ebul fɔ slip fayn. apat frכm dat, i de infכlכp di bכdi tεmprachכ rεgulεshכn, hat rεt, bכdi prεshכn, pen thrεshold, εn di limfatik fכktכ sistεm, wit dεn ifekt dεm ya we de sho se i de dipεnd pan di sirkadian ritm.
Mekanism of Akshɔn fɔ DSIP Pɛptid pan Slip
Nyurotransmita Rɛgyuleshɔn
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT): 5-HT na imכtant nyurotransmit we kכlכsכl wit slip rεguleshכn. insay stet dεm we dεn nכ de slip, lεk di PCPA-induced insomnia mכdel, di 5-HT lεvεl dεm de rεdכks bכku bכku wan. rεsכch sho se di DSIP pεptida dεm kin inkrεs di 5-HT lεvεl dεm na di hipokamp tisu, we de mek dεn slip fayn. 5-HT kin rεgεl nyuronal εksitabiliti bay we i de akt pan difrεn rεsεpכta sכbtayp dεm, we de infכlכw di slip-wek saykl. 5-HT1A rεsεptכr agonist dεm kin protεkt nכn-rapid ay muvmεnt (NREM) slip, we 5-HT2A rεsεptכr antagonist dεm kin ridyus di tεm we yu de wek, εn inkrεs di tכtal slip tεm. DSIP pεpti dεm kin εksyεrt dεn rεgεdyushכn ifekt dεm pan slip bay we dεn de mכdulet di rilis, riuptek, כ intarakshכn wit rεsεpכta dεm fכ 5-HT.
Dopamine (DA): Dopamin de ple imכtant rol bak fכ rεgulεshכn slip. כnda nכmal kכndishכn, di aktiviti fכ di dopaminεrjik nyuron dεm de kכntribyut fכ mεnten fכ wek. If di dopamin lɛvɛl nɔ balans, dat kin mek pɔsin nɔ ebul fɔ slip fayn. insay sכm insכmnia mכdel dεm, di dopamin lεvεl dεm de dכn, εn DSIP pεptida dεm kin patli rεstכr di dopamin lεvεl dεm. dopamin de rεgεl nyural signal bay we i de biεn difrεn dopamin rεsεpכta dεm. DSIP pεpti dεm kin impruv slip bay we dεn de infכlכw di aktiviti fכ di dopaminεrjik nyuron dεm, rεgεl di dopamin sεntesis, rilis, כ mεtabolism. i kin akt pan di kכl εnzym dεm we de involv insay dopamin sεntez, lεk tayrosin haydroksilaz, we de afekt di rεt fכ dopamin sεntesis εn dat de infכlכ di slip-wek bεlε.
Glutamate (Glu): Glutamate na di praymar εksitatory nyurotransmitta na di sεntri nεv sεstem. We pɔsin nɔ de slip, di glutamate lɛvɛl kin chenj. sayɛns stכdi dεn fכnshכn se DSIP pεptida dεm kin rεgεl di glutamεyt lεvεl dεm na di hipokamp tisu, we de inkrεs di rεdכks glutamεyt lεvεl dεm na sכm mכdel dεm. glutamεyt de rεgεl nyuronal εksitabiliti bay we i de biεn to ayכnotropik εn mεtabotropik glutamεyt rεsεpכta dεm. DSIP pεpti dεm kin mεnten nyuronal εksitabiliti bεlε bay we dεn de rεgεl glutamεyt rεsεpכta fכnshכn כ infכlכw glutamεyt rilis εn כptek mεkanism dεm, we de mek i gεt pכsitiv ifekt pan slip. dεn kin mכdulet di aktiviti fכ glutamεyt transpכrta dεm fכ kכntrכl di εkstrasεlula glutamεyt kכnsantreshכn, we de mek di lεvεl dεm we pasmak כ we nכ sכfa fכ afekt slip bad bad wan.
mεlatonin (MT): mεlatonin na wan amin כmon we di pineal gland de kכmכt we de ple imכtant rol fכ rεgεl di slip-wek saykl. insay wan rat mכdel fכ insכmnia, di mεlatonin lεvεl dεm na di hipokampus bin sכmtεm rεdכks, εn DSIP pεptida bin ebul fכ inkrεs di mεlatonin lεvεl dεm. mεlatonin de rεgεl di sirkadian ritm εn slip bay we i de biεn di MT1 εn MT2 rεsεpכta dεm. DSIP kin du in rεgεdyushכn ifekt dεm pan slip bay we i de infכlכw mεlatonin sεntesis εn sekreshכn na di pineal gland, כ bay we i de mכdulet di εksprεshכn εn fכnshכn fכ di mεlatonin rεsεpכta dεm. i kin rεgεl di aktvכti fכ di kכl εnzym dεm we de involv insay mεlatonin sεntez, lεk aromatase N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), we de infכlכ di mεlatonin sεntez lεvεl dεm.
Figure 2 Eksprεshכn fכ FOXO4 insay hכman tεst dεm we dεn dεtekt bay immunofluorescent staining.
Ifekt dεm pan nyuronal sεl dεm
insay wan PCPA-indyuz insomnia rat mכdel, HE stεyning rεvεl se di mכdel grup rat dεn sho sכm inkrεs intasεlulyar spεs, sכm sכm sεl saiz, irεgul mכfכlכji, εn lכs matris insay di hipokampal tisu. difrεnt frכm dat, di DSIP pεptida-trit grup (lεk di slip pεptida we kכmbayn wit sεl-pεnεtrεt pεptida grup P-DSIP) sho ridyus intasεlulyar spεs, mכr כda sεl arenjmεnt, εn mכr yunifכm distribushכn insay di hipokamp tisu. dis sho se DSIP pεptida kin impruv di damej we slip-indyuz to di hipokamp nyuron dεm, mεnten dεn nכmal mכfכlכji εn strכkchכ, we de mek sכh se dεn nכmal fysiolojikal fכnshכn dεm, εn fεsilit slip rεgulεshכn. di nכmal strכkchכ fכ nyuron dεm na di fawndeshכn fכ nyural signal transmishכn εn intagrεshכn. di protεktiv ifekt we DSIP pεptida de gi pan nyuronal sεl dεm kin εp fכ rεstכr di nכmal fכnshכn fכ nyural path dεm we riliyt to slip rεguleshכn.
DSIP pεpti dεm kin infכlכw nyuronal εlektrofysiolojikal aktiviti. di nyuron dεm de transmit infכmeshכn bay we dεn de jεnarεt akshכn pכtεnshal dεm, εn di ilektrikal aktiviti patεn dεm fכ nyuron dεm de chenj we dεn de slip. DSIP pεpti dεm kin rεgεl ayכn chεnal dεm pan nyuronal sεl mεmbran dεm, we de altεr nyuronal εksitabiliti εn fכ fכm fכ fכm, we de infכlכw di slip stet dεm. dεn kin εnhans di aktiviti fכ sכm potashכm ayכn chεnal dεm, we de mek nyuron dεm mכr fכ go insay wan rεst stet εn protεkt fכ bigin slip.
di mεkanism dεm we de rilet to di bכdi-bren barεri
di bכdi-bren barεri (BBB) na imכtant barεri bitwin di bכdi εn di bren tisu, we de mek bכku tin dεm we de kכmכt na di bכdi nכ go insay di bren tisu. di mεtabolism fכ DSIP pεptida dεm na di bכdi-bren barεri na di aminopεptidaz dεm de katalayz am. insay kכlt bovin bren maykrovaskul εndoteyl sεl dεm (BBMEC, wan bכdi-bren barεri mכdel), pεptidayl dipεptidaz A kin mεtabolayz DSIP bak bay we i de sikεnsli haydrolayz dipεptida dεm כ tripεptida dεm frכm di kכbכksi tεrminal fכ dis nonapεptida. bay we dεn ad pεptidayl dipεptidaz A inhibito dεm (lεk kaptopril) εn aminopεptidaz inhibito dεm (lεk besartan), DSIP mεtabolism insay BBMEC dεm kin stεbyul kכmplit wan, we sho se bay we dεn de rεgεl di aktiviti fכ dεn εnzym dεm ya, mכr DSIP pεptida dεm kin kכros di bכdi-bren barεri εn rich di bren tisu fכ εksyεrt dεn slip-rεgεlεt ifekt dεm. wan stכdi bin tray fכ fכs DSIP pεptida dεm wit pεptida dεm we ebul fכ kכros di bכdi-bren barεri (lεk CBBBP) fכ fכm DSIP-CBBBP fכs pεpti dεm. dis fכs pεpti dεm kin bεtε fכ rεgεl di nyurotransmitta lεvεl dεm, lεk 5-HT, glutamate, dopamine, εn melatonin, we kin mek i bεtε ifekt fכ mek i slip fayn. bay we dεn optimiz di abiliti fכ DSIP pεptida dεm fכ kכros di bכdi-bren barεri, dεn rεgεlεtכri ifekt dεm pan slip kin εnhans.
di rol we DSIP pεptida dεm de ple fכ impruv slip
1. Inkrisayz di totɛl slip tɛm
insay animal εkspεriεns, DSIP pεptida dεm sho di abiliti fכ inkrεs di tכtal slip tεm insay animal dεm, i nכ mata if dεn gi am tru intravenכs כ nos rod. Insay ɛkspiriɛns wit Nyu Ziland wayt rɔbish, intravenɔs injɛkshɔn fɔ DSIP peptide dɛn rizulta in wan signifyant inkris insay di tɔtal slip tɛm kɔmpia to di salin kɔntrol grup. Intranasal administreshɔn bin ikwal ifɛktiv, wit di intranasal grup fɔ Nyu Ziland wayt rɔbish dɛn we sho signifyant lɔŋ tɔtal slip tɛm pas di salin grup. dis sho se DSIP pεptida kin fכm fכ mek di animal dεn bigin slip εn mεnten fכ slip fכ lכng tεm. inkrεs tכtal slip tεm na implεnt fכ di bכdi rεkכvεshכn εn di mεntenans fכ nכmal fysiolojikal fכnshכn dεm, biכs i de alaw כl di כgan dεm εn sistεm dεm fכ rεst fayn fayn wan, we de εp fכ ripa di tisu, εndokrin sistεm rεgulεshכn, εn כda prכsεs dεm.
In wan rat mכdel we dεn εkspכz to krכnik lכw-prεshכn haypoksia (HH), intavεnshכn wit fכsfכraylet DSIP pεptida (p-DSIP) bin administret. Akɔdin to di rizɔlt, p-DSIP ɛnhans nɔ-rapid ay muvmɛnt slip (NREM) ɛn rapid ay muvmɛnt slip (REM) insay rat, inkrisayz di tɔtal slip tɛm. dis de sho se DSIP pεptida de promuot slip akraos difrεn slip stet dεm, impruv slip strכkchכ εn εnhans slip kwaliti.
2. Fɔ ɛkstɛnd di tɛm we yu de slip sloslo
Slow-wave slip (SWS), we dɛn kin kɔl bak dip slip, rili impɔtant fɔ mek di bɔdi wɛl ɛn mek i fayn. DSIP pεptida de sכmtεm εksεnd di slo-wev slip durεshכn insay animal dεm. Insay ɛkspiriɛns wit Nyu Ziland wayt rɔbish, ɔl tu intravenɔs ɛn intranasal administreshɔn fɔ DSIP rizulta in signifyant lɔng slo-wev slip durayshɔn insay di tritmɛnt grup kɔmpia to di salin kɔntrol grup. di tεm we di slo-wev slip stej, mεtabolik rεt de dכn, εn di fysiolojikal aktiviti dεm lεk di at rεt εn brith de slo dכn, we de alaw di bכdi fכ du insεf ripa εn stכrכj εnεji. DSIP pεpti dεm kin εksεnd di slo-wεv slip dεm, we de mek di bכdi in rεkכvεshכn kεpasiti εnhans, lεvεshכn fכ taya, εn strכng imyuniti.
frכm nyurobayolojikal pεspεktiv, DSIP pεpti dεm kin rεgεl di nyurotransmitta lεvεl dεm, inkrεs di 5-HT εn mεlatonin lεvεl dεm, εn inhεbit di nyuronal εksayzεshכn we pasmak na di bren, we de mek di stכp εn mεntenεns fכ slo-wev slip. di protεktiv ifekt dεm we i de gi pan nyuronal sεl dεm, we de mεnten dεn nכmal strכkchכ εn fכnshכn, de kכntribyut bak fכ mek nyural envayroment we fayn fכ slip sloslo.
3. Fɔ mek di abit dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit slip bɛtɛ
Insay di bihayvya ɛkspirimɛnt, lɛk di opin fil tɛst, ɛlevɛt plus mazi tɛst, ɛn tel sɔspɛns tɛst, DSIP pεptida dɛn sho se i impɔtant pan di bihayvya pefɔmɛns fɔ animal dɛn we nɔ de slip. Insay di opin fil tɛst, di mɔdel grup rat dɛn sho signifyant ridyus muvmɛnt distans ɛn aktiviti tɛm, we rat dɛn we dɛn trit wit DSIP peptide (ɛgz., di P-DSIP grup) sho signifyant inkris muvmɛnt distans ɛn aktiviti tɛm, we sho se DSIP peptide kin impruv di aktiviti kapasiti fɔ inshɔmniak rat ɛn alɛviet aktiviti inhibishɔn we inshɔmnia kɔz. insay di εlevεt plus maze tεst, di nכmba כf tεm dεm we di mכdel grup rat dεm enta di opin an εn di tεm we dεn spεnd na di opin an bin rεdכks bכku bכku wan. כltu, afta dεn administreshכn DSIP pεptida, lεk na di P-DSIP grup, di nכmba כf tεm we di rat dεm enta di opin an εn di tεm we dεn spεnd na di opin an bin bכku bכku wan, we sho se DSIP pεptida kin impruv di bihayvya we lεk anxiety insay rat dεm we nכ de slip. In di tel suspension test, di model grup rat sho wan signifyant inkris in immobiliti taim en wan signifikant dikreis in struggle taim. כltu, afta administreshכn כf DSIP pεptida (lεk di GABA grup, P-DSIP grup, εn DSIP grup), di rat dεm sho wan signifyant dεkrεshכn pan immobiliti tεm εn wan signifyant inkrεs pan strכg tεm, we sho se DSIP pεptida kin impruv diprεsiv-lεk bihayvya in insכmniak rat. DSIP pεptida kin impruv di imyushכnal εn bihayvכral εshyu dεm we dεn kכz fכ insכmnia.
Aplikeshɔn fɔ DSIP Pɛptid insay Slip Rɛgyuleshɔn
Insay klinik risach, insay sɔm smɔl smɔl klinik ɔbshɔbishɔn dɛm, afta dɛn dɔn gi DSIP peptide-rilayt fɔmyulashɔn to inshɔmnia pasɛnt dɛm, di slip kwaliti fɔ sɔm pasɛnt dɛn impɔtant to difrɛn digri dɛm, lɛk shɔt tɛm we dɛn bigin fɔ slip, dip slip dip, ɛn ridyus we dɛn wek na nɛt. apat frכm dat, dεn kin yuz DSIP pεptida in wan fכ insכmכn tritmεnt כ in kכmbaynshכn wit כda tradishכnal slip mεdikeshכn dεm. Risach sho se we dɛn kam togɛda wit sɔm anxiolytic ɔ antidipressant mɛrɛsin dɛm, DSIP peptides de sho synergistic effects, we de ɛp fɔ mek di pasɛnt dɛn slip kwaliti ɛn imɔshɔnal stet bɛtɛ. We dɛn yuz am togɛda wit bɛnzodiazepin, DSIP peptides kin ridyus di doz fɔ benzodiazepines, ridyus di risk fɔ bad bad riakshɔn, ɛn ɛp fɔ mek di tritmɛnt wok fayn.
Dɔn
as nכchכral slip rεgεlεt, DSIP pεptida de sho efficacy in slip rεgulεshכn mεkanism, slip impruvmεnt ifekt, εn aplikεshכn aspεkt dεm.
Sos dɛn we dɛn pul
[1] Mu X, Qu L, Yin L, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Pichia pastoris sekret pεptida dεm we de kכros di blכd-bren barεri εn DSIP fכshכn pεptida efikכs in PCPA-indyus insכmnia maws mכdel dεm[J]. Frontiers in Famakɔlɔji, 2024,15. https://api.semanticscholar.org/KɔpɔsID:273205621. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul
[2] Roy K, Chauhan G, Kumari P, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. fכsfכraylet dεlta slip we de indyuz pεptida de rεstכr spatial mεmכri εn p-CREB εksprεshכn bay we i de impruv slip akitekchכ na hכy altitud[J]. Layf Sayns, 2018,209:282-290.DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.026.
[3] Augustijns P. F., Ng K. Y., Wiliamz T. M., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. pεptidyl dipεptidaz A-katalayz mεtabolism fכ dεlta slip-indyus pεptida in bovin bren maykrovεsεl εndoteyl sεl dεm: wan sεl kכlt mכdel fכ di bכdi bren barεri[J]. Bayokemik ɛn Bayofizikal Risach Kɔmyunikeshɔn, 1995,210(3):987-994.DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1754.
[4] Yehuda S, Carasso R L. DSIP--wan tul fכ invεstigat di mεkanism we de bigin slip: wan rivyu[J]. Int ɛ rnash ɔ nal J ɔ rnal ɔ f Nyurosayns, 1988,38(3-4):345-353.DOI:10.3109/00207458808990695.
[5] Obál F. J., Kovalzon V. M., Kalikhevich V. N., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Struktכr-aktiviti rilayshכn in di ifekt dεm we dεlta-slip-inducing pεptida (DSIP) gεt pan rat slip[J]. Famakɔlɔji Bayokɛmistri ɛn Biɛvhɔ, 1986,24(4):889-894.DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(86)90432-6.
Prodak we de fɔ yuz fɔ risach nɔmɔ:
