Los ntawm Cocer Peptides 
29 hnub dhau los
Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.
Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Kev noj qab haus huv ua pa tau ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej. Raws li peb txoj kev nkag siab txog qhov tsis meej ntawm lub neej tob zuj zus, lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv bioactive hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev ua pa ntawm lub cev thiab thaum pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tau maj mam elucidated. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Bronchogen thiab kev noj qab haus huv ua pa tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem physiological tseem ceeb tab sis kuj tseem txuas nrog rau cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm ntau yam kab mob ua pa.
Biological yam ntxwv ntawm Bronchogen
(1) Cov yam ntxwv zoo
Bronchogen muaj cov qauv molecular tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov biomolecules, xws li khi rau cell membrane nto receptors thiab pom cov proteins cuam tshuam nrog intracellular signaling pathways. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem no tsim lub hauv paus rau nws txoj haujlwm lom neeg, txiav txim siab nws lub hom phiaj qhov chaw thiab hom kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua pa.
(2) Qhov chaw thiab faib khoom
Hauv lub cev, Bronchogen muaj ntau qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem tsim thiab tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb hauv zos hauv cov kab mob ua pa, xws li cov kab mob ua pa epithelial thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov hlwb no qhib qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob muaj feem xyuam rau cov lus teb rau cov stimuli tshwj xeeb, yog li tsim cov Bronchogen. Bronchogen kuj tseem tuaj yeem thauj mus rau cov kab mob ua pa ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev faib, Bronchogen muaj nyob rau hauv tej yam concentrations thoob plaws hauv lub pa ib ntsuj av, nrog rau lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, thiab alveoli. Qhov concentration ntawm Bronchogen yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam vim lub zos physiological functions thiab pathological xeev. Cov qauv kev faib tawm no zoo sib xws rau thaj chaw physiological ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kab mob tshwm sim.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm bronchogen hauv kev ua pa ntawm lub cev
(1) Immunomodulatory teebmeem
Kev cai ntawm Immune Cell Activity
Bronchogen tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub ntsws. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho phagocytic kev ua haujlwm ntawm macrophages, yog li ntxiv dag zog rau lawv lub peev xwm paub thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob. Raws li txoj kab kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa, txhim kho macrophage ua haujlwm pab txhawb kev tshem tawm sai ntawm cov kab mob invading, kab mob, thiab lwm yam kab mob, yog li tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub ntsws. Bronchogen kuj tswj qhov sib txawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm T lymphocytes thiab B lymphocytes, cuam tshuam rau kev siv thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum ntsib cov kab mob sib kis, Bronchogen tuaj yeem coj T lymphocytes kom sib txawv rau hauv ntau hom subtypes xws li Th1 lossis Th2, yog li txiav txim siab seb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob puas yog cell-mediated lossis humoral-mediated, kom ntseeg tau tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem siv cov tswv yim teb zoo tshaj plaws raws li hom kab mob.
Kev tswj ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob secretion
Thaum lub sij hawm tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, Bronchogen tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tso tawm ntawm ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov qis qis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li interleukins (xws li IL-1, IL-6) thiab qog necrosis factor (TNF-α). Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob no tau txais cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau qhov chaw kis kab mob thaum lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev kis kab mob, pib cov lus teb inflammatory, los tawm tsam cov kab mob ntxeem tau. Bronchogen kuj tseem tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov teeb meem pro-inflammatory, tsis txhob tswj tsis tau cov lus teb uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Tsis tas li ntawd, Bronchogen txhawb nqa qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (xws li IL-10), uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub sijhawm tom qab ntawm qhov mob, ua kom yooj yim kho cov ntaub so ntswg ua pa thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov mob, yog li tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov pa ib puag ncig sab hauv.
(2) Ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntsws epithelial
Txhawb nqa cell proliferation thiab kho
Respiratory epithelial hlwb ua haujlwm ua thawj lub cev thaiv kev ua pa ntawm txoj hlab pa, thiab lawv txoj kev ncaj ncees yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam cov kab mob. Bronchogen txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsws epithelial thiab accelerates kho cov puas hlwb epithelial. Tom qab kev raug mob ua pa los ntawm cov stimuli sab nraud (xws li cov pa luam yeeb lossis tshuaj lom neeg), Bronchogen activates intracellular signaling pathways, suav nrog MAPK signaling pathway thiab PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no txhawb nqa lub voj voog ntawm tes, ua rau cov hlwb epithelial hloov pauv los ntawm theem quiescent mus rau theem proliferative, yog li ua kom cov xov tooj ntawm tes mus sau cov chaw puas thiab rov ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov epithelial.
Kev cai ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm intercellular
Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm tes, Bronchogen tseem koom nrog hauv kev tswj cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlab ntsws epithelial. Epithelial hlwb tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov qauv xws li kev sib tshuam nruj thiab kev sib txuas ua ke. Bronchogen tuaj yeem tswj cov kev qhia thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov junctional proteins (xws li occludin thiab claudin), tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cell. Thaum cov kab mob ua pa epithelial tau kis los ntawm cov kab mob los yog txhawb los ntawm kev mob, kev sib txuas ntawm cov cell yuav raug cuam tshuam, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Bronchogen tuaj yeem kho tam sim ntawd thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov junctions, tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab cov khoom tsis zoo los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm epithelial mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ua pa, yog li ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsws.
(3) Kev tswj ntawm cov pa paug tawm ntawm cov pa tawm thiab tshem tawm
Mucus secretion tswj
Airway mucus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ua pa tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj peev xwm ntes thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob, plua plav, thiab lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws. Bronchogen plays lub luag haujlwm tswj kev ua pa hauv cov pa paug tawm. Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev khi rau cov receptors nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov pa epithelial hlwb, ua kom cov kab mob intracellular, thiab tswj cov kev qhia ntawm mucin noob thiab cov synthesis thiab secretion ntawm mucus hauv mucus-secreting hlwb (xws li goblet hlwb). Kev tsim cov hnoos qeev tso tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov kab mob ua pa thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Bronchogen precisely tswj cov mucus secretion ntau ntau raws li physiological xav tau kev pab ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau, kom ntseeg tau tias cov hnoos qeev zoo captures txawv teb chaws hais yam tsis ua rau cov hlab ntsws txhaws vim ntau ntau secretion.
Mucus Clearance Promotion
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tswj cov hnoos qeev, Bronchogen tseem txhawb nqa cov hnoos qeev hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nws txhim kho qhov zaus thiab amplitude ntawm ciliary ntaus hauv txoj hlab pa. Raws li 'sweepers' ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, cilia lub suab nrov nrov propels mucus thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws nws nqa mus rau hauv txoj hlab pa qhib, uas yog ces tshem tawm ntawm lub cev los ntawm hnoos los yog lwm yam txhais tau tias. Bronchogen txhim kho ciliary motility los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ion channel thiab teeb liab txoj hauv kev hauv ciliated hlwb, xws li tswj cov calcium ion concentration thiab activating protein kinases, yog li txhim kho cov hnoos qeev clearance efficiency thiab tswj cov pa patency.
Kev Koom Tes Ntawm Cov Kab Mob bronchogen thiab Kev Ua Pa
(1) mob hawb pob
Kev hloov pauv hauv Bronchogen theem hauv cov neeg mob hawb pob
Hauv cov neeg mob hawb pob, qib thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bronchogen feem ntau tau hloov pauv loj. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum muaj mob hawb pob, qhov concentration ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem nce lossis txo qis. Hauv qee tus neeg mob hawb pob hnyav, theem ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov hlab ntsws tso tawm qis dua li cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsws epithelial, ua rau txo qis synthesis thiab tso tawm ntawm Bronchogen. Hauv qee tus neeg mob hawb pob me me, txawm hais tias Bronchogen concentrations hauv cov hlab ntsws tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib puag ncig, kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm qhia tau txo qis lub peev xwm los tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, qhia txog kev hloov pauv lom ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov neeg mob hawb pob.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Bronchogen hauv Pathogenesis ntawm Asthma
Los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev mob ntsws asthma, Bronchogen koom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev. Kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm Bronchogen ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dhau rau cov neeg mob hawb pob. Hauv cov neeg mob hawb pob, Bronchogen dysfunction ua rau muaj kev ua kom ntau dhau ntawm Th2 hlwb, uas zais ntau cov cytokines (xws li IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, thiab lwm yam), Cov cytokines no txhawb cov infiltration thiab activation ntawm inflammatory hlwb xws li eosinophils nyob rau hauv cov hlab cua, thiab o. Lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj zog ntawm Bronchogen hauv kev tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntsws epithelial ua rau cov hlwb no cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm allergens thiab inflammatory mediators, ntxiv exacerbating cov hlab ntsws o thiab kho txoj hlab pa, yog li txhawb qhov pib thiab kev mob hawb pob.
(2) Kab Mob Hlwb Obstructive Pulmonary (COPD)
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov neeg mob COPD
Hauv kev ua pa ntawm cov neeg mob COPD, Bronchogen kuj pom cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Raws li COPD nce mus, qhov concentration thiab kev faib tawm ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov hlab ntsws hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlab ntsws secretions ntawm COPD cov neeg mob, qhov concentration ntawm bronchogen yuav maj mam txo, thiab nws cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsws epithelial hlwb thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog txo. Cov kev hloov pauv no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev poob qis hauv lub ntsws ua haujlwm thiab qhov ua rau ua rau lub ntsws o hauv cov neeg mob COPD. Cov qauv molecular ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov neeg mob COPD tuaj yeem raug hloov kho, ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm lom neeg thiab ua rau nws ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub ntsws.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Bronchogen hauv cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm COPD
Bronchogen tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm COPD. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm COPD suav nrog kev ua pa ntawm txoj hlab pa, kev tso pa tawm ntau dhau, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub ntsws parenchyma, thiab kho txoj hlab pa. Vim tias qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm los ntawm Bronchogen, cov lus teb inflammatory hauv cov hlab ntsws tseem nyob thiab nyuaj rau tswj. Inflammatory cells xws li neutrophils thiab macrophages accumulates nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha loj, tso tawm ntau yam inflammatory mediators thiab proteases, ua rau lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab cov hlab ntsha puas. Qhov tsis sib xws hauv Bronchogen txoj cai ntawm kev tso pa tawm ntawm cov pa hauv pa thiab tshem tawm ua rau cov hnoos qeev ntau dhau thiab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txoj hlab ntsws ntxiv. Lub peev xwm txo qis ntawm Bronchogen los txhawb kev kho cov hlab ntsws epithelial cell thiab tswj cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov cell ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj hlab pa, thaum kawg ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub ntsws hauv cov neeg mob COPD.
(3) Cov kab mob ua pa
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm bronchogen nyob rau hauv cov kab mob kab mob
Thaum kis kab mob ua pa, Bronchogen koom nrog hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ua pa, Bronchogen tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm phagocytic thiab cytotoxic tiv thaiv kab mob. Bronchogen tseem tswj kev tso tawm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob microenvironment uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob peptides, uas ncaj qha ua rau cov kab mob, cuam tshuam lawv cov cell membranes thiab cell phab ntsa, yog li inhibiting kab mob loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov kab mob hnyav, cov kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog Bronchogen synthesis thiab kev ua haujlwm, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua rau tus kab mob nyuaj rau tswj.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm bronchogen hauv kev kis kab mob
Bronchogen tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kis tus kab mob ua pa. Thaum lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev kis tus kabmob, Bronchogen tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev (xws li dendritic hlwb thiab cov cell killer ntuj) los pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cytokines xws li interferon, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob sib kis thiab kis tau, txwv tsis pub kis kab mob hauv lub ntsws. Bronchogen tseem tswj hwm cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhawb kev lees paub thiab cov lus teb ntawm T lymphocytes thiab B lymphocytes rau cov kab mob antigens, ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab cytotoxic T hlwb, yog li tshem tawm cov kab mob kis tau zoo.
Xaus
Bronchogen plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub ntsws thiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa. Hauv ntau yam kev ua pa xws li mob ntsws asthma, COPD, thiab cov kab mob ua pa, cov theem, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm Bronchogen tau hloov pauv, thiab nws koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathophysiological ntawm cov kab mob no.
Qhov chaw
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Cov khoom muaj rau kev tshawb fawb siv nkaus xwb:
