Los ntawm Cocer Peptides 
1 month ago
Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.
Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.
Taw qhia
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej, kev tshawb fawb rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev laus tau dhau los ua qhov tob, thiab nrhiav kev tiv thaiv kev laus tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb. Telomeres, raws li cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes, yog ze ze rau kev laus ntawm cellular. Epitalon, ib qho hluavtaws luv peptide nrog kev tiv thaiv kev laus, tau nyiam cov xim hauv xyoo tas los no.
Telomere Lengthening Related Cov ntsiab lus
(1) Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Telomeres
Telomeres yog ib qho kev txuag ntau heev repetitive nucleotide sequences ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes, muaj xws li yooj yim DNA tandem rov ua ntu zus thiab cov proteins uas cuam tshuam. Telomeres ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv noob thiab chromosomal stability. Thaum txhua lub cell faib, telomeres maj mam luv vim qhov kev txwv ntawm DNA replication mechanisms. Thaum telomeres luv luv rau qee qhov, cov hlwb nkag mus rau theem senescence lossis apoptosis, yog li telomeres raug hu ua 'cellular moos ntawm lub neej.'
Daim duab 1 Epitalon txo qis ROS qib intracellular.
(2) Cov txheej txheem ntawm Telomere Lengthening
Telomerase txoj kev
Telomerase yog ib qho ribonucleoprotein complex nrog kev ua haujlwm rov qab transcriptase. Nws tuaj yeem siv nws tus kheej RNA ua tus qauv los tsim cov telomere rov ua ntu zus thiab ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm cov chromosomes, yog li tswj cov telomere ntev. Hauv tib neeg lub cev, telomerase kev ua haujlwm yog qis lossis tsis tuaj, thiab telomeres maj mam luv nrog txhua lub cell faib. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau cov qog hlwb, telomerase tau rov ua haujlwm, ua rau cov qog hlwb kom loj hlob mus tas li thiab ua tiav kev tsis txawj tuag. Hauv cov menyuam yaus thawj metastatic medulloblastoma, qee cov qog hlwb tswj telomere elongation los ntawm kev ua kom telomerase. Kwv yees li ntawm 10.7% ntawm metastatic medulloblastomas induce telomerase activation ntawm TERT txhawb kev hloov pauv thiab UTSS hypermethylation, yog li ua tiav telomere elongation.
ALT txoj kev
Ntxiv rau txoj kev telomerase, muaj txoj hauv kev telomerase-yooj yim hu ua alternation lengthening of telomeres (ALT) txoj kev. Txoj kev no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ATRX inactivation thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qee cov qog hlwb. Hauv cov menyuam yaus thawj metastatic medulloblastoma, kwv yees li 32.1% ntawm cov neeg mob ua tiav telomere elongation los ntawm ALT mechanism, nrog 30% ntawm cov qauv qhia txog ATRX nuclear deletions, yog li ua kom txoj hauv kev ALT.
(3) Epitalon thiab Mechanism ntawm Telomere Elongation
Epitalon Cov nyhuv ntawm Telomerase
Epitalon yog ib qho hluavtaws luv peptide tsim los ntawm plaub cov amino acids (alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, thiab glycine), raws li lub ntuj peptide Epithalamion muab rho tawm los ntawm caj pas pineal. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Epitalon tuaj yeem cuam tshuam telomere ntev los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm telomerase. Ib pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1980s tias Epitalon tuaj yeem txhawb nqa telomerase, enzyme lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab txuas ntxiv telomeres ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes. Txawm hais tias tam sim no tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb tias Epitalon tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau telomeres hauv tib neeg, qee qhov kev sim tau pom tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau telomerase nce ntxiv. Kev ua haujlwm telomerase nce ntxiv txhais tau hais tias ntau cov telomere rov ua ntu zus tuaj yeem ua ke thiab ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes, uas ua rau qeeb tus nqi ntawm telomere shortening thiab txawm ua tiav telomere elongation.
Daim duab 2 Epitalon tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm mitochondria thaum lub sij hawm post-ovulatory oocyte laus hauv vitro.
Epitalon cov kev cai ntawm intracellular signaling pathways
Intracellular signaling pathways tsim ib lub network complex uas cuam tshuam los tswj cov txheej txheem cellular xws li kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev laus. Epitalon tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau telomere elongation los ntawm kev tswj cov kev taw qhia no. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm lub voj voog ntawm tes, txhim kho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv rau telomeres thaum lub sijhawm faib cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li ib qho antioxidant, Epitalon txo qhov tsim ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) hauv cov hlwb. Kev sib sau ntawm ROS tuaj yeem ua rau DNA puas tsuaj, yog li cuam tshuam rau telomere stability. Los ntawm kev txo qis ROS qib, Epitalon pab tswj cov qauv ib txwm muaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm telomeres, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau telomere elongation.
(4) Kev sim ua pov thawj rau Epitalon lub luag haujlwm hauv Telomere Elongation
Kev sim hauv vitro cell
Hauv kev sim kab lis kev cai hauv vitro cell, ntxiv Epitalon rau cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab ua rau muaj kev ua kom zoo dua telomerase hauv qee lub hlwb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntxiv Epitalon ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.1 mM mus rau lub cell kab lis kev cai nruab nrab. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev cog qoob loo, nws tau pom tias qhov qhia txog qib ntawm telomerase-hais txog cov noob hauv cov hlwb tau nce, qhia tias Epitalon tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib txuas lossis ua kom telomerase. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas ntawm telomere ntev pom tau tias, piv rau pawg tswj tsis muaj Epitalon, telomere shortening tus nqi nyob rau hauv pawg sim tau qeeb qeeb, thiab hauv qee lub hlwb, me ntsis telomere lengthening tau pom.
Tsiaj sim
Hauv kev sim tsiaj, Epitalon tau muab rau cov tsiaj sim (xws li nas) los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj lossis kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, thiab lawv cov hlwb raug tshuaj xyuas. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev ua telomerase hauv qee cov ntaub so ntswg (xws li lub siab thiab lub raum) tau txhim kho, thiab qhov ntev telomere tseem nyob ruaj khov. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm nas lub siab hlwb, nws tau pom tias nas kho nrog Epitalon muaj ntau dua telomerase kev ua haujlwm hauv daim siab lub hlwb piv rau cov pab pawg tsis tau kho, thiab tom qab kev soj ntsuam tas li ntau lub hlis, cov qib ntawm telomere luv luv hauv daim siab ntawm cov hlwb tau qis dua hauv pawg tsis kho. Qhov no qhia ntxiv tias Epitalon muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau telomere elongation hauv cov tsiaj.
Cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv kev laus
(1) Mechanisms of Aging
Oxidative Stress thiab Kev laus
Raws li lub hnub nyoog nce, qhov redox tshuav nyiaj li cas hauv cov hlwb raug cuam tshuam, ua rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS). ROS muaj zog oxidative zog, muaj peev xwm ntawm oxidizing cellular biomolecules xws li cov proteins, lipids, thiab DNA, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cellular qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Oxidized proteins tuaj yeem poob lawv cov kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ib txwm muaj, oxidized lipids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cellular membrane fluidity thiab ruaj khov, thiab DNA oxidative puas tuaj yeem ua rau cov noob hloov pauv thiab cellular tsis ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov uas ua rau cov txheej txheem laus ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov kab mob.
Cellular Aging thiab Apoptosis
Cell senescence thiab apoptosis yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv kev laus. Thaum cov hlwb raug rau ntau yam kev ntxhov siab (xws li oxidative stress, DNA puas, thiab lwm yam), lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev senescent. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlwb muaj xws li kev kaw lub voj voog ntawm tes, kev hloov pauv hauv metabolic, thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov cytokines tshwj xeeb. Lub caij no, apoptosis yog cov txheej txheem kev tuag ntawm tes uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg homeostasis. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj hnub nyoog nce, cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntawm apoptosis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, thiab ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus apoptosis tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thaum kawg tshwm sim raws li kev laus hauv lub cev.
Telomere Shortening thiab Aging
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, telomere luv luv yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev laus. Raws li cov hlwb txuas ntxiv sib faib, telomeres maj mam luv. Thaum telomeres ncav cuag qhov ntev tseem ceeb, cov hlwb tsis sib faib thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev senescent. Telomere shortening kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau DNA puas cov lus teb hauv cov hlwb, ntxiv rau cov cellular aging thiab apoptosis, yog li cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm lub cev.
Daim duab 3 Cov nyhuv ntawm Epitalon ntawm apoptosis thaum ntxov hauv post-ovulatory aging oocytes.
(2) Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Laus Mechanism ntawm Epitalon
Antioxidant Kev Ua Haujlwm
Epitalon yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant uas muaj peev xwm antioxidant piv rau melatonin. Nws tuaj yeem rub ncaj qha ROS hauv cov hlwb, txo cov oxidative puas tsuaj rau biomolecules tshwm sim los ntawm ROS. Hauv kev sim hauv vitro siv nas oocytes, ntxiv 0.1 mM Epitalon rau cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab ua rau txo qis hauv cov qib ROS intracellular. Qhov txo qis hauv ROS pab tswj cov cellular daim nyias nyias, ib txwm muaj cov protein ua haujlwm, thiab DNA ruaj khov, yog li ncua kev laus ntawm cellular. Tsis tas li ntawd, Epitalon tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cell tus kheej lub peev xwm antioxidant los ntawm kev tswj cov kev ua ntawm intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems (xws li superoxide dismutase thiab catalase), yog li ntxiv txo oxidative kev ntxhov siab vim cellular puas.
Regulating mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi
Mitochondria yog lub zog lub zog ntawm cov hlwb, thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog kev laus ntawm tes. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, kev ua haujlwm mitochondrial maj mam poob qis, tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis mitochondrial membrane peev xwm, txo ATP ntau lawm, thiab nce ROS tiam. Epitalon tuaj yeem ua kom cov mitochondrial membrane muaj peev xwm thiab mitochondrial DNA luam tus lej, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm mitochondrial. Hauv kev sim kev laus hauv vitro siv cov nas oocytes, oocytes kho nrog Epitalon nthuav tawm ntau dua mitochondrial membrane muaj peev xwm thiab nce mitochondrial DNA cov lej tom qab 12 thiab 24 teev ntawm kev laus piv rau pawg tsis kho. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Epitalon tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm mitochondrial thiab txo cov cellular aging los ntawm mitochondrial tsis ua haujlwm. Kev txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi kuj pab tswj cov cellular zog metabolism sib npaug, muab lub zog txaus rau lub cev kev ua ub no thiab ncua kev laus ntawm cellular.
Inhibiting apoptosis
Cell apoptosis plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev laus. Cov cell apoptosis ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev ua haujlwm. Epitalon tswj intracellular apoptosis-txog kev taw qhia txoj hauv kev kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cell apoptosis. Hauv kev sim kev laus hauv vitro siv cov nas oocytes, tom qab 24 teev ntawm kev laus hauv vitro, tus nqi apoptosis ntawm oocytes hauv pawg Epitalon-kho tau qis dua li hauv pawg tsis kho. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau Epitalon lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm apoptosis cov cim los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li txo ROS qib thiab txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi, yog li txo qis apoptosis thiab pab tswj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev ua haujlwm, thiab ncua kev laus lub cev.
(3) Kev sim ua pov thawj ntawm Epitalon's Anti-Aging Effects
Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv ntawm oocytes
Hauv kev sim tshuaj xyuas cov teebmeem ntawm Epitalon ntawm oocyte zoo, nws tau pom tias Epitalon zoo tiv thaiv oocytes los ntawm kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam nrog kev laus tom qab ovulation. Raws li lub sij hawm tom qab ovulation nce, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm oocytes maj mam txo. Thaum 0.1 mM Epitalon tau ntxiv rau cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, oocyte zoo raug soj ntsuam tom qab 6, 12, thiab 24 teev ntawm kab lis kev cai. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev kho mob Epitalon txo qhov zaus ntawm qhov tsis xws ntawm spindle thiab qhov txawv txav ntawm cov cortical granules, thaum nce mitochondrial membrane muaj peev xwm thiab mitochondrial DNA daim qauv, thiab txo oocyte apoptosis. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Epitalon tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm hauv vitro aging txheej txheem ntawm oocytes, tswj lawv qhov zoo thiab kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm, thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cellular-theem ntawm Epitalon cov teebmeem kev laus.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau kev laus tag nrho hauv cov tsiaj
Hauv kev sim tsiaj, tom qab kev tswj hwm ntev ntawm Epitalon los ntawm kev pub mis lossis txhaj tshuaj, kev txhim kho tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev qhia txog kev laus hauv cov nas. Piv rau cov nas tswj tsis tau kho, Epitalon-kho nas tau nthuav tawm denser, shinier pluab, txhim kho kev txav mus los, thiab qee qhov kev ncua sij hawm ntev. Pathological tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nas tau qhia tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes thiab kev laus ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb xws li daim siab thiab ob lub raum ntawm cov nas uas tau kho Epitalon tau qis dua cov hauv pawg tswj hwm. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Epitalon tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm los tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm qib cellular tab sis tseem ua rau qeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm cov kab mob, txhim kho tsiaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej zoo.
Daim ntawv thov Prospects ntawm Epitalon
Muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv Kev Kho Mob Field
Anti-Aging Therapy
Raws li Epitalon cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb pom hauv telomere elongation thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, nws tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tshiab los tiv thaiv kev laus. Nrog rau kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov pejxeem kev laus, qhov kev thov rau kev kho kev laus yog loj hlob. Epitalon ncua kev laus ntawm cov cellular los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim, muab cov kev nkag siab tshiab rau kev tsim kho cov kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog xws li kab mob plawv thiab kab mob neurodegenerative. Rau cov kab mob neurodegenerative, Epitalon yuav tiv thaiv cov neurons los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab puas tsuaj thiab tuav telomere ntev, yog li ua rau qeeb neuronal aging thiab tuag, txhim kho cov tsos mob, thiab txhim kho cov neeg mob lub neej zoo.
Txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv
Hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev ua me nyuam, Epitalon muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm oocytes. Raws li cov poj niam muaj hnub nyoog, oocyte zoo poob qis, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm infertility thiab fetal kev loj hlob txawv txav. Epitalon tuaj yeem ncua kev laus oocyte thiab txhim kho oocyte zoo, muab kev txhawb nqa tshiab rau kev pabcuam kev ua menyuam yaus xws li hauv vitro fertilization. Los ntawm kev ntxiv Epitalon thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv vitro oocyte kab lis kev cai, nws yuav tsum tau txhim kho fertilization tus nqi thiab embryo txoj kev loj hlob zoo, yog li ua kom cov kev vam meej ntawm kev pab tu me nyuam thiab pab ntau infertile khub niam txiv ua kom tiav lawv lub siab xav muaj menyuam.
Xaus
Epitalon qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb hauv telomere elongation thiab tiv thaiv kev laus. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev daws teeb meem, nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv hauv zej zog tsis tuaj yeem raug saib xyuas. Raws li kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus tob zuj zus, nws ntseeg tias Epitalon yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Qhov chaw
[1] Teterin O, Gv S. Epitalon[J]. 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370060637_Epitalon.
[2] Yue X, Liu SL, Guo JN, et al. Epitalon tiv thaiv kev laus tom qab ovulatory-txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm nas oocytes hauv vitro [J]. Aging (Albany Ny), 2022,14(7):3191-3202.DOI:10.18632/aging.204007.
[3] Minasi S, Baldi C, Pietsch T, et al. Telomere elongation los ntawm lwm txoj kev lengthening ntawm telomeres (ALT) thiab telomerase activation hauv thawj metastatic medulloblastoma ntawm menyuam yaus [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 2019,142(3):435-444.DOI:10.1007/s11060-019-03127-w.
Cov khoom muaj rau kev tshawb fawb siv nkaus xwb:
