Cocer Peptides ye ŋlɔe 
ŋkeke 22 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Sidzedze ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie nye dɔlélewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dzesiwo abe ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ sesẽ, kple tamebubu ŋutete ƒe ɖiɖi, siwo gblẽa nu le dɔnɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe nyonyome ŋu vevie. Neuropeptide Sema, abe nusi kpɔa ŋusẽ geɖe ɖe lãmekawo dzi le ɖoɖo nu ene, kpena ɖe ame ŋu le asrãdɔ dada me, enaa susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, eye wòɖea nuteɖeamedzi sesẽwo dzi kpɔtɔna.
Figure 1 Sema ƒe atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme.
Neuropeptide Sema ƒe Nyatakaka Kpuie
Sema nye heptapeptide si wowɔ si ƒe atike ƒe wɔwɔme nye Met - Glu - His - Phe - Pro - Gly - Pro. Enye adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ƒe kakɛ 4-10 ƒe nɔnɔmetata eye ate ŋu awɔ nu kple lãmetsiŋusẽtike tɔxɛ siwo le titina lãmekawo me be wòawɔ dɔlékuiwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi vovovowo. Le eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi tẽ kple lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ta la, eɖo gɔmeɖoanyi na eŋudɔwɔwɔ le ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya me.
Neuropeptide Sema ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Mɔnu le Sidzedze ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Ŋu
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖowo Dzikpɔkpɔ: Sema ate ŋu ana susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi to ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dodo, woƒe wɔwɔme, alo woƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Ate ŋu aɖɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo abe dopamine kple acetylcholine ene ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖo. Dopamine wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ abe susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, nusɔsrɔ̃, kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ene me. Sema ate ŋu ado dopaminergic neurons ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, ana dopamine ƒe dodo nadzi ɖe edzi, eye wòato esia me ana ahɔhɔ̃a nate ŋu awɔ nyatakakawo ŋudɔ ahawɔ wo ɖekae. Acetylcholine nye ahɔhɔ̃meka si do ƒome kplikplikpli kple nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi. Sema ate ŋu ana cholinergic lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi to acetylcholine ƒe wɔwɔme alo eƒe dodo dzi kpɔkpɔ me, si ana susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ: Sema ate ŋu aʋã ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme, si ana ahɔhɔ̃meka yeyewo nado ɖe ŋgɔ. Le ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpawo abe hippocampus ene, siwo do ƒome kplikplikpli kple nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi me la, ahɔhɔ̃meka yeyewo ƒe dzidzi le vevie ŋutɔ be woalé susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me ɖe asi. Sema ate ŋu ado ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dzɔdzɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le hippocampus me to dzesimɔ tɔxɛwo, abe Wnt/β-catenin dzesimɔ ene, si wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi, vovototodedeameme, kple agbenɔnɔ me, si ana xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi na sidzedze ƒe ŋgɔyiyi.
Nutata 2 Sema Peptide Dɔdamɔnu ƒe Ŋusẽ ɖe MDA ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔ Kple Protein ƒe Nɔnɔme Ŋu le Aɖuɖɔtoedɔlékuiwo (Rattus norvegicus) me. M nye dzesidenu; A nye Ƒuƒoƒo A (dziɖuɖu manyomanyo); B nye ƒuƒoƒo B (dziɖuɖu nyui); eye C nye ƒuƒoƒo C (semax peptide therapy).
Antioxidant ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Oxidative stress wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie kple susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe toɖeɖe me. Sema ƒe antioxidant ŋutetewo le esi, si wɔnɛ be wòte ŋu ɖea free radicals siwo sɔ gbɔ ɖe ŋutilãa me ɖa eye wòɖea oxidative ƒe nugbegblẽ le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu dzi kpɔtɔna. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, to antioxidant enzymes abe superoxide dismutase (SOD) kple glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me, eye wòɖea oxidative products abe malondialdehyde (MDA) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔna me la, ekpɔa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe blibonyenye ta eye wòléa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me ɖe asi, si wɔnɛ be wònaa susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu.
Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi kpɔkpɔ: Sema ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi. Ate ŋu ana ahɔhɔ̃meka aɖewo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia nadzi ɖe edzi kple woƒe xɔlawo, abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si tso ahɔhɔ̃ me (BDNF) kple eƒe xɔla TrkB ene. BDNF le vevie ŋutɔ na ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe agbetsitsi, vovototodedeameme, synaptic plasticity, kple nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe ɖoɖowo. Sema doa ŋusẽ sidzedze ƒe dɔwɔwɔ to BDNF ƒe ɖeɖefia dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me, si wɔnɛ be wòdoa ŋusẽ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kadodowo kple dzesiwo ƒe kaka.
Neuropeptide Sema zazã le susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me
Numekuku siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na dɔdamɔnu
Lãwo ƒe dodokpɔwo: Le lãwo ƒe dodokpɔ gbogbo aɖewo me la, Sema ɖe ŋusẽ ɖedzesi siwo doa ŋusẽ ame ƒe susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fia. Le Morris tsi maze dodokpɔa me la, sisiblisi siwo wotsɔ Sema da dɔe te ŋu ke ɖe nuƒolanɔƒe ɣaɣla la ŋu kabakaba wu eye wozã ɣeyiɣi geɖe le taɖodzinu ƒe akpa enelia me le ŋkuɖodzi dodokpɔ ƒe akpaa me, si ɖee fia be teƒe ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ŋutetewo nyo ɖe edzi. Le nu yeye ƒe dzesidede dodokpɔa me la, lã siwo wotsɔ Sema da dɔe la ɖe nu yeyewo didi ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ fia, si fia be nuwo ƒe dzesidede ƒe ŋkuɖodzinu nyo ɖe edzi. Dodokpɔ siawo me tsonu ɖee fia be Sema ate ŋu ana lãwo ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ŋutetewo nanyo ɖe edzi nyuie.
Lãmenugbagbeviwo dodokpɔ: Le lãmenugbagbeviwo gome la, Sema kpɔa ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ, woƒe dzidziɖedzi, kple woƒe vovototodedeameme dzi. Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo wode agble na siwo wodo go oxidative stress alo nu bubu siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu la ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbetsitsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si nyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ fia ne wotsɔ Sema da dɔe, si do ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe axon ƒe tsitsi kple alɔdzewo ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wòdo ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kadodowo ɖe ŋgɔ. Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dodokpɔ me tsonu siawo naa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi na Sema ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi siwo doa ŋusẽ sidzedze le lã bliboa ƒe ɖoƒe.
Nɔnɔmetata 3 Hippocampal dentate area ƒe akpa siwo wotsɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔlékuiwutike siwo tsi tre ɖe Ki-67 protein ŋu de amae ƒe nɔnɔmetata sue aɖe: (a) KM gbetedzi si xɔ ŋkeke 14 si wodo Sema ɖe edzi le ŋkeke 7–11 le edzidzi megbe kple (b) KM gbetedzi si xɔ ŋkeke 14 si me gblẽ o. Nudzidzenu, 100 μm.
Dɔdaƒe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku
Sidzedze ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si do ƒome kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlélewo: Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle aɖewo, abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene, siwo kpe ɖe susu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ŋu gome la, asixɔxɔ si ate ŋu anɔ Sema ŋu le atikewɔwɔ me. Le dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔ sue aɖewo me la, dɔnɔ siwo ŋu Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle si nu mesẽ o va ɖo esi mesẽ o le siwo wotsɔ Sema da dɔ na hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe la ɖe ŋgɔyiyi fia le ŋkuɖoɖonudzi, susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple dɔdzikpɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, abe alesi wodae to susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi ene. Esia ate ŋu atso Sema ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu vovovo siwo ɖea ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna, doa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wotoa esia me naa dɔnɔwo ƒe susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi gbɔ.
Sidzedze ƒe Dodoɖeŋgɔ le Ameha Siwo Le Lãmesẽ Me: Tsɔ kpe ɖe susuŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔmewo me ŋu la, Sema ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe susuŋudɔwɔwɔ dzi le ameha siwo le lãmesẽ me hã me. Esi egbegbe agbenɔnɔ le zɔzɔm kabakaba eye nuteɖeamedzi si dona tso dɔwɔwɔ me le dzidzim ɖe edzi ta la, amewo le didim be woado susuŋutetewo ɖe ŋgɔ. Numekuku aɖewo ku nu me tso Sema ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le lɔlɔ̃nu faa dɔwɔla siwo le lãmesẽ me ŋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ame tsitsi siwo le lãmesẽ me ŋu me la, susuŋutinunya dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ le Sema dodo na gomekpɔlawo vɔ megbe ɖee fia be ŋgɔyiyi le susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, ŋkuɖoɖonudzi si le dɔ wɔm, kple nyatakakawo ŋudɔwɔwɔ kabakaba me. Esia fia be Sema ateŋu anye 'atike si me nunya le' be wòakpe ɖe ame siwo le lãmesẽ me ŋu be woana susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo me, abe dzadzraɖo ɖe dodokpɔwo ŋu alo dɔ sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ ene.
Sema Numekuku ƒe Nɔnɔme Kple Mɔkpɔkpɔ Siwo Le Fifia
Fifia ƒe Nɔnɔme: Fifia la, numekuku siwo wowɔ tso Sema ŋu na nu aɖewo do tso eme. Le numekuku veviwo me la, wose alesi wòwɔa dɔe gɔme nyuie vie; le numekuku siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na dɔdamɔnu me la, woɖo kpe eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi si doa ŋusẽ ame ƒe susu le lãwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me dzi; eye le dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekukuwo me la, eɖe ŋutete si le esi gbã le susu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie dada me fia.
Nyanuwuwuw
Kpuie ko la, neuropeptide Sema, abe nusi ate ŋu ana ame ƒe susu nanyo ɖe edzi ene, ɖee fia be ewɔa dɔ nyuie le numekuku veviwo kple dɔdamɔnu siaa me.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
[1] Glazova NY, Manchenko D. M., Vilensky D. A., kple ame bubuwo. Sema ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le Rat Models of Acute Stress me[J]. Journal of Nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ ƒe Nu gbagbewo ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya kple Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya, 2023,59 (1): 200-212.DOI: 10.1134 / S0022093023010179.
[2] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. SEMAX - DƆWƆWƆ ƑE MƆKPƆKPƆWO (gbedasi kpui si wotsɔ ƒo nu tso eŋu)[J]. Atikewɔwɔ kple Atikeŋutinunya, 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513
[3] Puspita R, Pratamasuti D, Safitri A, kple ame bubuwo. Sema Peptide Dɔdamɔnu ƒe Ŋusẽ ɖe MDA ƒe Dzidzeme kple Protein ƒe Nɔnɔme ŋu le Aɖuɖɔtoedɔlékuiwo (Rattus norvegicus), 2018[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 90160574. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me
[4] Lebedeva I. S., Panikratova Y. R., Sokolov O. Y., kple ame bubuwo. Sema ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe Default Mode Network dzi[J]. Bulletin of dodokpɔ nugbagbeŋutinunya kple atikewɔwɔ, 2018,165 (5): 653-656.DOI: 10.1007 / s10517-018-4234-3.
[5] Stavchansky V. V., Yuzhakov V. V., Botsina A. Y., kple ame bubuwo. Dɔ si Sema kple eƒe C-nuwuwu peptide PGP kpɔna ɖe sisiblisi ƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple dzidziɖedzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi le dodokpɔ ƒe ischemia me: dodokpɔ ƒe numekuku[J]. Molekyul ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya ƒe agbalẽ, 2011, 45 (2): 177-185.DOI: 10.1007 / s12031-010-9421-2.
[6] Timoshenko TV, Poletaeva II, Pavlova G. V., kple ame bubuwo. Ŋusẽ si neuropeptide Sema dodo na vidzĩwo kpɔna ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi dzi le hippocampal dentate area me le sisiblisi siwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu eve le me[J]. Dokl Biol Sci, 2009,424:78-80.DOI:10.1134/s0012496609010232.
Adzɔnu si li na numekuku zazã ɖeɖeko:
