Na Cocer Peptides 
hashize iminsi 22
INGINGO ZOSE N'AMAKURU Y’IBICURUZWA BITANZWE KURI URU RUBUGA BISANZWE KUBONA AMAKURU N'INTEGO Z'UBUREZI.
Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe kururu rubuga bigenewe gusa mubushakashatsi bwa vitro. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vitro (Ikilatini: * mu kirahure *, bisobanura mu bikoresho by'ibirahure) bikorwa hanze y'umubiri w'umuntu. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari imiti, ntabwo byemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA), kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa mu gukumira, kuvura, cyangwa gukiza indwara iyo ari yo yose y’ubuvuzi, indwara, cyangwa indwara. Birabujijwe rwose n'amategeko kwinjiza ibyo bicuruzwa mumubiri wabantu cyangwa inyamaswa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
Ubumuga bwo kutamenya ni itsinda ry’imivurungano igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko, harimo ibimenyetso nko guta umutwe, ingorane zo kwibanda, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’abarwayi. Neuropeptide Sema, nkibintu bifite ingaruka nyinshi zigenga sisitemu yimitsi, bifasha mukuvura igicuri, kunoza imikorere yubwenge, no kugabanya imihangayiko ikaze.
Igishushanyo 1 Imiterere yimiti ya Sema.
Incamake ya Neuropeptide Sema
Sema ni heptapeptide ya syntetique ifite imiterere yimiti Met - Glu - Iye - Phe - Pro - Gly - Pro. Nukugereranya igice cya 4-10 cyimisemburo ya adrenocorticotropique (ACTH) kandi irashobora gukorana niyakira ryihariye mumyanya mitsi yo hagati kugirango ikore ingaruka zibinyabuzima. Bitewe nuburyo butaziguye kuri sisitemu yo hagati yo hagati no kubura ibikorwa bya hormone, yashyizeho urufatiro rwo kuyikoresha mubijyanye na neuroscience.
Uburyo bwibikorwa bya Neuropeptide Sema kumikorere yo kumenya
Amabwiriza ya Neurotransmitter Sisitemu: Sema irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwenge muguhindura irekurwa, synthesis, cyangwa metabolism ya neurotransmitters. Irashobora kugenzura urwego rwa neurotransmitter nka dopamine na acetylcholine. Dopamine igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo kumenya nko kwitondera, kwiga, no kwibuka. Sema irashobora guteza imbere ibikorwa bya neuron ya dopaminergique, kongera irekurwa rya dopamine, bityo bikongerera ubushobozi ubwonko bwo gutunganya no guhuza amakuru. Acetylcholine ni neurotransmitter ifitanye isano cyane no kwiga no kwibuka. Sema irashobora kunoza imikorere ya cholinergic nervous sisitemu muguhindura synthesis cyangwa kurekura acetylcholine, bityo bikazamura imikorere yubwenge.
Guteza imbere neurogenezi: Sema irashobora gukwirakwira no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye, bigatera kubyara neuron nshya. Mu turere twubwonko nka hippocampus, ifitanye isano rya bugufi no kwiga no kwibuka, kubyara neurone nshya ni ngombwa mu gukomeza imikorere isanzwe yo kumenya. Sema irashobora guteza imbere neurogenezi muri hippocampus mugukoresha inzira zihariye zerekana ibimenyetso, nka Wnt / β-catenin yerekana inzira, igira uruhare runini mugukwirakwiza, gutandukanya, no kubaho kwingirangingo ngengabuzima, bityo bigatanga umusingi wubaka mukuzamura ubwenge.
Igishushanyo 2 Ubushobozi bwo kuvura Sema Peptide yerekeza kurwego rwa MDA hamwe na poroteyine ya poroteyine mu mbeba za Epilepsy (Rattus norvegicus). M ni ikimenyetso; A ni Itsinda A (kugenzura nabi); B ni itsinda B (kugenzura neza); na C ni itsinda C (semax peptide ivura).
Ingaruka za Antioxydeant: Guhangayikishwa na Oxidative bigira uruhare runini mu ndwara zifata ubwonko no kugabanuka kwubwenge. Sema ifite antioxydeant, ibasha kwikuramo radicals zirenze urugero mumubiri no kugabanya kwangiza okiside kuri neuron. Kurugero, mukuzamura ibikorwa byimisemburo ya antioxydeant nka superoxide dismutase (SOD) na glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), no kugabanya urwego rwibicuruzwa bya okiside nka malondialdehyde (MDA), birinda ubusugire bwimitsi ya neuronal kandi bigakomeza gukora muburyo busanzwe bwubwenge.
Kugenga imvugo ya gene: Sema irashobora guhindura imvugo ya gen ijyanye nimikorere yubwenge. Irashobora kugenzura imiterere ya gene yibintu bimwe na bimwe bya neurotrophique hamwe niyakira ryayo, nkibintu bikomoka mu bwonko biva mu bwonko (BDNF) hamwe na reseptor yayo TrkB. BDNF ningirakamaro mubuzima bwa neuronal, gutandukana, plastike ya synaptique, hamwe no kwiga hamwe nibikorwa byo kwibuka. Sema itezimbere imikorere yubwenge mugutezimbere imvugo ya BDNF, bityo igashimangira imiyoboro ya neuronal no kohereza ibimenyetso.
Porogaramu ya neuropeptide Sema mukuzamura ubwenge
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze
Ubushakashatsi bwinyamaswa: Mubushakashatsi bwinshi bwinyamaswa, Sema yerekanye ingaruka zikomeye zo kongera ubwenge. Mu kizamini cya Morris amazi maze, imbeba zavuwe na Sema zashoboye kumenya urubuga rwihishe vuba kandi zimara umwanya munini muri quadrant igenewe mugihe cyo gupima kwibuka, byerekana ko imyigire yimiterere nubushobozi bwo kwibuka. Mu kizamini cyo kumenyekanisha ibintu bishya, inyamaswa zavuwe na Sema zerekanye ubwiyongere bugaragara mugihe cyubushakashatsi kubintu bishya, byerekana kwibuka neza ibintu. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko Sema ishobora kuzamura neza inyamaswa zo kwiga no kwibuka.
Ubushakashatsi bwakagari: Kurwego rwa selire, Sema igira ingaruka nziza mubuzima bwa selile neuronal kubaho, gukwirakwizwa, no gutandukana. Ingirabuzimafatizo zifite imiterere ya neuronal zihura na stress ya okiside cyangwa izindi mpamvu zangiza zerekanaga ko ubuzima bwa selile bwarushijeho kuba bwiza iyo bivuwe na Sema, bigatera imikurire ya neuronal axon no gushinga amashami, no kuzamura imiyoboro ya neuronal. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwa selile bitanga urufatiro rwimikorere ya Sema yingirakamaro-yongerera ubumenyi kurwego rwinyamaswa zose.
Igicapo 3 Micrograph ya hippocampal dentate agace ka immunohistochemic yanditswemo antibodiyide zirwanya poroteyine ya Ki-67: (a) Imbeba ya KM yiminsi 14 yatewe na Sema muminsi 7-11 nyuma yo kuvuka na (b) imbeba ya KM yiminsi 14. Igipimo, 100 µm.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Clinical
Ubumuga bwo kutamenya bujyanye n’indwara zifata ubwonko: Ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe zifata ubwonko, nk'indwara ya Alzheimer n'indwara ya Parkinson, iherekejwe n'ubumuga bwo kutamenya, Sema ifite agaciro ko kuvura. Mu bigeragezo bimwe na bimwe by’amavuriro, abarwayi bafite indwara ya Alzheimer yoroheje kandi yoroheje yakiriye imiti ya Sema mu gihe runaka bagaragaje iterambere mu kwibuka, kwitabwaho, no mu mikorere nyobozi, nk'uko bisuzumwa n'umunzani ukora. Ibi birashobora guterwa nuburyo bwinshi bwa Sema bwibikorwa, bigabanya kwangirika kwimitsi, bigatera gusana no kuvugurura imitsi, bityo bikazamura imikorere yubwenge bwabarwayi.
Kongera ubumenyi mu baturage bafite ubuzima buzira umuze: Usibye gukemura ibibazo by’ubumuga bw’ubwenge mu bihugu by’indwara, Sema ishobora no kugira ingaruka zongera ubwenge mu baturage bafite ubuzima bwiza. Hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuse mubuzima bwa kijyambere no kongera imihangayiko ijyanye nakazi, harikenewe kwiyongera kubushobozi bwubwenge. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ingaruka za Sema mubakorerabushake bazima. Kurugero, mubushakashatsi burimo abantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza, ibizamini byubwenge byakozwe nyuma yo gutanga Sema kubitabiriye amahugurwa byagaragaje iterambere mubitekerezo, kwibuka, no kwihutisha amakuru. Ibi birerekana ko Sema ishobora kuba 'ibiyobyabwenge byubwenge ' kugirango ifashe abantu bazima kuzamura imikorere yubwenge mubihe byihariye, nko gutegura ibizamini cyangwa gukora imirimo ikomeye.
Ibiriho hamwe nibitekerezo byubushakashatsi bwa Sema
Imiterere y'ubu: Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi kuri Sema bwageze ku bisubizo bimwe. Mu bushakashatsi bwibanze, uburyo bwibikorwa bwarasobanutse neza; mubushakashatsi bwibanze, ingaruka zacyo zo kongera ubwenge mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa byemejwe; no mubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi, bwerekanye ubushobozi bwambere mukuvura indwara zubwenge.
Umwanzuro
Muncamake, neuropeptide Sema, nkibintu bifite ingaruka zishobora kongera ubwenge-byongera ubwenge, byagaragaje imbaraga mubushakashatsi bwibanze ndetse nubuvuzi bukoreshwa.
Inkomoko
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[2] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. SEMAX - UBUSHAKASHATSI BUKORESHEJWE (ubutumwa bugufi) Ubuvuzi bwa Clinical na Pharmacology, 2021. Https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513
[3] Puspita R, Pratamastuti D, Safitri A, n'abandi. Ubushobozi bwo kuvura Sema Peptide yerekeza kurwego rwa MDA hamwe na poroteyine ya poroteyine mu mbeba za Epilepsy (Rattus norvegicus), 2018 [C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90160574
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[5] Stavchansky VV, Yuzhakov VV, Botsina AY, n'abandi. Ingaruka za Sema na C-end peptide ya PGP kuri morphologie nigikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza ingirabuzimafatizo zubwonko mugihe cya ischemia yubushakashatsi: ubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo [J]. Ikinyamakuru cya Molecular Neuroscience, 2011,45 (2): 177-185.DOI: 10.1007 / s12031-010-9421-2.
[6] TV ya Timoshenko, Poletaeva II, Pavlova GV, n'abandi. Ingaruka zo gutera inshinge za neuropeptide Sema ku ikwirakwizwa ry'utugingo mu gace ka hippocampal dentate mu mbeba za genotypes ebyiri [J]. Dokl Biol Sci, 2009,424: 78-80.DOI: 10.1134 / s0012496609010232.
Ibicuruzwa biboneka mubushakashatsi bukoreshwa gusa:
