By Cocer Peptides 
kwanaki 22 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
Rashin fahimi rukuni ne na cuta waɗanda ke shafar aikin fahimi na ƙwaƙwalwa, gami da bayyanar cututtuka kamar asarar ƙwaƙwalwa, wahalar tattarawa, da raguwar ikon tunani, waɗanda ke yin tasiri sosai ga ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya. Neuropeptide Sema, a matsayin abu tare da tasiri mai yawa akan tsarin mai juyayi, yana taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka, inganta aikin tunani, da kuma rage damuwa mai tsanani.
Hoto 1 Tsarin sinadaran Sema.
Bayanin Neuropeptide Sema
Sema shine heptapeptide na roba tare da tsarin sinadarai Met - Glu - His - Phe - Pro - Gly - Pro. Yana da analog na guntun 4-10 na hormone adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) kuma yana iya yin hulɗa tare da takamaiman masu karɓa a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya don yin jerin tasirin ilimin halitta. Saboda aikinta na kai tsaye a kan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da rashin aikin hormonal, ya kafa harsashin aikace-aikacensa a fagen ilimin neuroscience.
Hanyar Ayyukan Ayyukan Neuropeptide Sema akan Ayyukan Fahimi
Ka'idar Tsarin Neurotransmitter: Sema na iya inganta aikin fahimi ta hanyar tasirin sakin, kira, ko metabolism na masu watsawa. Yana iya daidaita matakan neurotransmitters kamar dopamine da acetylcholine. Dopamine yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyoyin fahimta kamar hankali, koyo, da ƙwaƙwalwa. Sema na iya haɓaka ayyukan dopaminergic neurons, haɓaka sakin dopamine, kuma ta haka haɓaka ikon kwakwalwa don aiwatarwa da haɗa bayanai. Acetylcholine wani neurotransmitter ne mai alaƙa da ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwa. Sema na iya inganta aikin tsarin juyayi na cholinergic ta hanyar daidaita kira ko sakin acetylcholine, don haka inganta aikin fahimi.
Haɓaka neurogenesis: Sema na iya haɓaka haɓakawa da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, inganta haɓakar sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin yankuna na kwakwalwa irin su hippocampus, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwa, haɓakar sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin fahimi na yau da kullun. Sema na iya inganta neurogenesis a cikin hippocampus ta hanyar kunna takamaiman hanyoyin sigina, irin su hanyar siginar Wnt / β-catenin, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakawa, bambance-bambance, da kuma rayuwa na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi, ta haka ne ke samar da tushe na tsari don haɓaka fahimi.
Hoto 2 Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Maganin Sema Peptide zuwa Matsayin MDA da Profile na Protein a cikin Rats Ratsi (Rattus norvegicus). M alama ce; A shine Rukunin A (ikon mara kyau); B shine rukuni na B (mai kulawa mai kyau); kuma C shine rukunin C (maganin peptide na semax).
Sakamakon Antioxidant: Danniya na Oxidative yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative da raguwar fahimi. Sema yana da kaddarorin antioxidant, yana ba shi damar ɓata wuce haddi na radicals kyauta a cikin jiki kuma yana rage lalacewar oxidative ga neurons. Misali, ta hanyar haɓaka ayyukan enzymes na antioxidant kamar su superoxide dismutase (SOD) da glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), da rage matakan samfuran oxidative kamar malondialdehyde (MDA), yana kare mutuncin membranes neuronal kuma yana kula da aikin neuronal na yau da kullun, ta haka a kaikaice yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen aiki.
Daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halitta: Sema na iya rinjayar maganganun kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaka da aikin tunani. Yana iya daidaita maganganun kwayoyin halitta na wasu abubuwan neurotrophic da masu karɓar su, irin su ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (BDNF) da mai karɓa na TrkB. BDNF yana da mahimmanci don rayuwa ta neuronal, bambance-bambance, filastik synaptic, da ilmantarwa da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwa. Sema yana haɓaka aikin fahimi ta hanyar haɓaka maganganun BDNF, ta haka ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar neuronal da watsa sigina.
Aikace-aikace na Neuropeptide Sema a cikin haɓaka fahimi
Nazarin preclinical
Gwajin dabbobi: A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba da yawa, Sema ya nuna tasirin haɓaka fahimi. A cikin gwajin maze na ruwa na Morris, berayen da aka bi da su tare da Sema sun sami damar gano wurin da aka ɓoye da sauri da sauri kuma sun ciyar da ƙarin lokaci a cikin maƙasudin maƙasudi yayin lokacin gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana nuna ingantaccen koyo na sararin samaniya da ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin gwajin gano abu na labari, dabbobin da aka yi musu magani da Sema sun nuna haɓakar lokacin bincike don sabbin abubuwa, yana nuna ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar abu. Waɗannan sakamakon gwaji sun ba da shawarar cewa Sema na iya haɓaka ƙwarewar koyo da ƙwaƙwalwar dabbobi yadda ya kamata.
Gwaje-gwajen salula: A matakin salon salula, Sema yana da tasiri mai kyau akan rayuwar kwayoyin halitta, yaduwa, da bambanci. Kwayoyin neuronal na al'ada da aka fallasa ga danniya na oxidative ko wasu abubuwa masu lalacewa sun nuna ingantaccen ƙimar rayuwa ta salula lokacin da aka bi da su tare da Sema, inganta haɓakar axon neuronal da reshe, da haɓaka haɗin gwiwar neuronal. Waɗannan sakamakon gwajin salon salula suna ba da tushen salon salula don tasirin haɓaka fahimi na Sema a matakin dabba gaba ɗaya.
Hoto 3 Micrograph na sassan yanki na hakora na hippocampal immunohistochemically wanda aka lalata da ƙwayoyin rigakafi a kan furotin Ki-67: (a) bera KM mai kwanaki 14 an yi masa allura da Sema a ranakun 7-11 bayan haihuwa da (b) beran KM mai kwanaki 14 cikakke. Size, 100 µm.
Binciken aikace-aikacen asibiti
Rashin hankali da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta: Ga wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su cutar Alzheimer da cutar Parkinson, waɗanda ke tare da raunin fahimi, Sema yana riƙe da ƙimar warkewa. A cikin wasu ƙananan gwaje-gwaje na asibiti, marasa lafiya da cutar Alzheimer mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici waɗanda suka karbi maganin Sema na wani lokaci sun nuna ingantawa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, hankali, da aikin zartarwa, kamar yadda aka kiyasta ta hanyar ma'auni na aiki na hankali. Wannan na iya zama saboda tsarin aikin Sema da yawa, wanda ke rage lalacewar neuronal, inganta gyaran jijiyoyi da sake farfadowa, kuma ta haka ne inganta aikin kwakwalwa na marasa lafiya.
Haɓaka Fahimi a cikin Jama'a Lafiya: Baya ga magance matsalar rashin fahimta a cikin jihohin cututtuka, Sema na iya samun tasirin haɓaka fahimi a cikin mutane masu lafiya. Tare da haɓakar saurin rayuwar zamani da haɓaka damuwa da ke da alaƙa da aiki, ana samun karuwar buƙatu don haɓaka ƙwarewar fahimi. Wasu nazarin sun bincika sakamakon Sema a cikin masu sa kai masu lafiya. Alal misali, a cikin binciken da ya shafi manya masu lafiya, gwaje-gwajen fahimta da aka gudanar bayan gudanar da Sema ga mahalarta sun nuna ingantawa a hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, da saurin sarrafa bayanai. Wannan yana nuna cewa Sema na iya zama 'maganin wayo' don taimakawa mutane masu lafiya su haɓaka aikin fahimi a takamaiman yanayi, kamar shirya jarabawa ko sarrafa aiki mai ƙarfi.
Matsayin Yanzu da Abubuwan Binciken Sema
Matsayin Yanzu: A halin yanzu, bincike kan Sema ya sami wasu sakamako. A cikin bincike na asali, an fahimci tsarin aikinsa da kyau; a cikin binciken da ya dace, an tabbatar da tasirinsa na haɓaka haɓakawa a cikin ƙirar dabba; kuma a cikin binciken asibiti, ya nuna yuwuwar farko wajen magance matsalar rashin fahimta.
Kammalawa
A taƙaice, neuropeptide Sema, a matsayin abu mai yuwuwar haɓakar haɓakar fahimi, ya nuna inganci a cikin bincike na asali da aikace-aikacen asibiti.
Sources
[1] Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Vilensky DA, et al. Tasirin Sema a cikin Samfuran Rat na matsanancin damuwa[J]. Jaridar Juyin Halitta da Kimiyyar Halitta, 2023,59(1):200-212.DOI:10.1134/S0022093023010179.
[2] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. SEMAX - APPLICATION PROSPECTS (saƙon taƙaitaccen bayani) [J]. Magungunan Magunguna da Magunguna, 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513
[3] Puspita R, Pratamastuti D, Safitri A, et al. Ƙarfin Sema Peptide Therapy zuwa Matsayin MDA da Profile na Protein a cikin Ratsin Epilepsy (Rattus norvegicus), 2018[C]. https://api.semanticcholar.org/CorpusID:90160574
[4] Lebedeva IS, Panikratova YR, Sokolov OY, et al. Tasirin Sema akan hanyar sadarwa ta Tsohuwar Yanayin Kwakwalwa[J]. Bulletin na Kwayoyin Gwaji da Magunguna, 2018,165(5):653-656.DOI:10.1007/s10517-018-4234-3.
[5] Stavchansky VV, Yuzhakov VV, Botsina AY, et al. Tasirin Sema da C-end peptide PGP akan ilimin halittar jiki da haɓaka ayyukan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwar bera yayin gwajin ischemia: nazarin matukin jirgi [J]. Jaridar Molecular Neuroscience, 2011,45 (2): 177-185.DOI: 10.1007 / s12031-010-9421-2.
[6] Timoshenko TV, Poletaeva II, Pavlova GV, et al. Tasirin allurar jariri na neuropeptide Sema akan yaduwar kwayar halitta a yankin hakoran hakora a cikin berayen genotypes guda biyu [J]. Dokl Biol Sci, 2009,424:78-80.DOI:10.1134/s0012496609010232.
Samfura akwai don amfani da bincike kawai:
