Bya Cocer Peptides 
ennaku 22 eziyise
EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.
Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.
Obuzibu mu kutegeera kibinja ky’obuzibu obukosa enkola y’okutegeera kw’obwongo, omuli obubonero ng’okubulwa okujjukira, okukaluubirirwa okussa ebirowoozo byo ku kintu, n’okukendeeza ku busobozi bw’okulowooza, ebikosa ennyo omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde. Neuropeptide Sema, ng’ekintu ekirina ebikolwa ebingi ebifuga enkola y’obusimu, kiyamba mu kujjanjaba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala, okulongoosa enkola y’okutegeera, n’okukendeeza ku situleesi ey’amaanyi.
Ekifaananyi 1 Ensengekera y’eddagala lya Sema.
Okulaba ebikwata ku Neuropeptide Sema
Sema ye heptapeptide ekoleddwa nga erina ensengekera y’eddagala Met - Glu - His - Phe - Pro - Gly - Pro. Ye analog y’ekitundu 4-10 eky’obusimu obuyitibwa adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) era esobola okukwatagana n’ebikwata ebitongole mu nkola y’obusimu obw’omu makkati okukola ebikosa ebiramu ebiwerako. Olw’okukola obutereevu ku nkola y’obusimu obw’omu makkati n’obutaba na busimu, etaddewo omusingi gw’okugikozesa mu kisaawe kya sayansi w’obusimu.
Enkola y’Ekikolwa kya Neuropeptide Sema ku nkola y’okutegeera
Okulungamya Enkola z’obusimu: Sema eyinza okulongoosa enkola y’okutegeera ng’ekwata ku kufulumya, okusengejja oba okukyusakyusa kw’obusimu obutambuza obusimu. Kisobola okulungamya emiwendo gy’obusimu obutambuza obusimu nga dopamine ne acetylcholine. Dopamine ekola kinene mu nkola z’okutegeera ng’okufaayo, okuyiga, n’okujjukira. Sema eyinza okutumbula emirimu gy’obusimu obukola dopaminergic, okwongera ku kufulumya dopamine, era bwe kityo n’eyongera ku busobozi bw’obwongo okukola n’okugatta amawulire. Acetylcholine kirungo kya busimu ekikwatagana ennyo n’okuyiga n’okujjukira. Sema eyinza okulongoosa enkola y’obusimu bwa cholinergic nga etereeza okusengejja oba okufulumya acetylcholine, bwe kityo n’eyongera ku nkola y’okutegeera.
Okutumbula ensengekera y’obusimu: Sema esobola okusitula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu, okutumbula okutondebwa kw’obusimu obupya. Mu bitundu by’obwongo nga hippocampus, ebikwatagana ennyo n’okuyiga n’okujjukira, okutondebwa kw’obusimu obupya kikulu nnyo mu kukuuma enkola y’okutegeera eya bulijjo. Sema eyinza okutumbula obusimu mu hippocampus nga ekola amakubo ag’obubonero ag’enjawulo, gamba nga ekkubo ly’obubonero erya Wnt/β-catenin, erikola kinene mu kweyongera, okwawukana, n’okuwangaala kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu, bwe kityo ne kiwa omusingi gw’enzimba ey’okutumbula okutegeera.
Ekifaananyi 2 Amaanyi g’obujjanjabi bwa Sema Peptide okutuuka ku MDA Level ne Protein Profile mu Nvunza ezilwala Epilepsy (Rattus norvegicus). M ye kabonero; A kye kibinja A (okufuga okutali kirungi); B kye kibinja B (okufuga okulungi); ate C kye kibinja C (semax peptide therapy).
Ebikosa antioxidant: Oxidative stress ekola kinene mu ndwadde z’obusimu n’okukendeera kw’okutegeera. Sema erina eddagala eriziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde (antioxidant properties), ekigisobozesa okuyoola obuwuka obuyitibwa free radicals obusukkiridde mu mubiri n’okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obusimu obuyitibwa oxidative damage to neurons. Okugeza, nga kyongera ku mirimu gy’enziyiza eziziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde nga superoxide dismutase (SOD) ne glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), n’okukendeeza ku miwendo gy’ebintu ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde nga malondialdehyde (MDA), kikuuma obulungi bw’obuwuka obuyitibwa neuronal membranes era ne kikuuma enkola y’obusimu eya bulijjo, bwe kityo mu ngeri etali butereevu ne kiyamba mu kulongoosa enkola y’okutegeera.
Okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale: Sema asobola okukwata ku kwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’enkola y’okutegeera. Kiyinza okutumbula okulaga kw’obuzaale bw’ensonga ezimu ezikola ku busimu n’ebizikwata, gamba ng’ekirungo ekizikwata ku bwongo (BDNF) n’ekirungo kyayo ekya TrkB. BDNF kikulu nnyo mu bulamu bw’obusimu, okwawukana, obuveera bw’obusimu obuyitibwa synaptic plasticity, n’enkola z’okuyiga n’okujjukira. Sema eyongera ku nkola y’okutegeera ng’etumbula okwolesebwa kwa BDNF, bwe kityo n’enyweza enkolagana y’obusimu n’okutambuza obubonero.
Enkozesa ya neuropeptide Sema mu kwongera okutegeera
Okunoonyereza nga tekunnabaawo
Okugezesa ku bisolo: Mu kugezesa ku bisolo kungi, Sema yalaga ebikulu ebiyamba okutumbula okutegeera. Mu kugezesebwa kwa Morris water maze, envunza ezajjanjabwa ne Sema zasobola okuzuula amangu ekifo ekikwese era ne zimala ebiseera bingi mu kitundu ekigendererwamu mu kiseera ky’okugezesa okujjukira, ekiraga nti okuyiga mu kifo n’obusobozi bw’okujjukira erongooseddwa. Mu kugezesebwa okw’okutegeera ebintu ebipya, ebisolo ebyajjanjabwa ne Sema byalaga okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu budde bw’okunoonyereza ku bintu ebipya, ekiraga nti okujjukira okutegeera ebintu kwalongooseddwa. Ebivudde mu kugezesa kuno biraga nti Sema asobola bulungi okutumbula obusobozi bw’ebisolo okuyiga n’okujjukira.
Okugezesa obutoffaali: Ku mutendera gw’obutoffaali, Sema erina akakwate akalungi ku bulamu bw’obutoffaali bw’obusimu, okukula, n’okwawukana. Obutoffaali bw’obusimu obukuliddwa obwali bufunye situleesi y’okwokya oba ebintu ebirala ebyonoona bwalaga okulongoosa ennyo mu miwendo gy’obutoffaali obuwangaala nga bujjanjabiddwa ne Sema, okutumbula okukula n’okutandika kw’obusimu obuyitibwa neuronal axon, n’okutumbula enkolagana y’obusimu. Ebivudde mu kugezesa kuno okw’obutoffaali biwa omusingi gw’obutoffaali ku bikolwa bya Sema eby’okutumbula okutegeera ku mutendera gw’ekisolo kyonna.
Ekifaananyi 3 Micrograph of hippocampal dentate area sections immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against the Ki-67 protein: (a) envunza ya KM ey’ennaku 14 eyafukibwa Sema ku nnaku 7–11 oluvannyuma lw’okuzaalibwa ne (b) envunza ya KM ey’ennaku 14 etaliiko kamogo. Minzaani, 100 μm.
Okunoonyereza ku nkola y’obujjanjabi
Obuzibu mu kutegeera obukwatagana n’obuzibu bw’obusimu: Ku buzibu obumu obw’obusimu, gamba ng’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer ne Parkinson, obuwerekerwako obuzibu mu kutegeera, Sema alina omugaso oguyinza okujjanjaba. Mu kugezesebwa okumu okutonotono, abalwadde abalina obulwadde bwa Alzheimer obutono oba obw’ekigero abaafuna obujjanjabi bwa Sema okumala ekiseera baalaga okulongoosa mu kujjukira, okufaayo, n’emirimu gy’okukola, nga bwe kyakeberebwa okusinziira ku minzaani z’emirimu gy’okutegeera. Kino kiyinza okuba nga kiva ku nkola za Sema eziwera ez’okukola, ezikendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’obusimu, okutumbula okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola obusimu, era bwe kityo ne zitereeza enkola y’okutegeera kw’abalwadde.
Okunyweza okutegeera mu bantu abalamu: Ng’oggyeeko okukola ku buzibu bw’okutegeera mu mbeera z’obulwadde, Sema era ayinza okuba n’ebikosa okutumbula okutegeera mu bantu abalamu. Olw’obulamu obw’omulembe guno obweyongera amangu n’okunyigirizibwa okweyongera okuva ku mulimu, waliwo obwetaavu obweyongera obw’okutumbula obusobozi bw’okutegeera. Okunoonyereza okumu kunoonyereza ku bikolwa bya Sema mu bannakyewa abalamu. Okugeza, mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku bantu abakulu abalamu obulungi, okukebera okutegeera okwakolebwa oluvannyuma lw’okugabira abeetabye mu kunoonyereza kuno kwalaga okulongoosa mu kussaayo omwoyo, okujjukira okukola, n’obwangu bw’okukola amawulire. Kino kiraga nti Sema ayinza okukola nga 'eddagala erigezi' okuyamba abantu abalamu okutumbula omutindo gw'okutegeera mu mbeera ezenjawulo, gamba ng'okwetegekera ebigezo oba okukwata emirimu egy'amaanyi.
Embeera n'ebisuubirwa mu kunoonyereza kwa Sema mu kiseera kino
Embeera eriwo kati: Mu kiseera kino, okunoonyereza ku Sema kutuuse ku bivuddemu. Mu kunoonyereza okusookerwako, enkola yaayo ey’okukola ebadde etegeerekese bulungi; mu kunoonyereza okusooka, ebikolwa byayo eby’okutumbula okutegeera mu bikolwa by’ebisolo bikakasiddwa; era mu kunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi, eraga obusobozi obusookerwako mu kujjanjaba obuzibu bw’okutegeera.
Mu bufunzi
Mu bufunze, neuropeptide Sema, ng’ekintu ekirina ebiyinza okutumbula okutegeera, eraga obulungi mu kunoonyereza okusookerwako n’okukozesa mu bujjanjabi.
Ensonda
[1] Glazova NY, Manchenko D. M., Vilensky D. A., n’abalala. Ebikolwa bya Sema mu bikolwa by’envunza eby’okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Ebiramu n'Ebyobulamu, 2023,59 (1): 200-212.DOI: 10.1134 / S0022093023010179.
[2] Hadarceva K, Belyaeva E. SEMAX - EBINTU BY’OKUSOBOLA (obubaka obumpi obw’okulaba)[J]. Eddagala ly’obujjanjabi n’eddagala, 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245468513
[3] Puspita R, Pratamastuti D, Safitri A, n’abalala. Amaanyi g’obujjanjabi bwa Sema Peptide okutuuka ku MDA Level ne Protein Profile mu nvunza ezilwaza ekirwadde ky’okusannyalala (Rattus norvegicus), 2018 [C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90160574. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi
[4] Lebedeva I. S., Panikratova Y. R., Sokolov O. Y., n’abalala. Ebikolwa bya Sema ku Default Mode Network y’obwongo[J]. Bulletin y'okugezesa ebiramu n'obusawo, 2018,165 (5): 653-656.DOI: 10.1007 / s10517-018-4234-3.
[5] Stavchansky VV, Yuzhakov VV, Botsina A. Y., n’abalala. Enkola ya Sema ne C-end peptide yaayo PGP ku nkula n’emirimu gy’okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’obwongo bw’envunza mu kiseera ky’okugezesa ischemia: okunoonyereza okugezesa[J]. Journal of Sayansi w’obusimu mu molekyu, 2011, 45 (2): 177-185.DOI: 10.1007 / s12031-010-9421-2.
[6] Timoshenko TV, Poletaeva II, Pavlova GV, n’abalala. Enkola y’empiso z’abaana abaakazaalibwa ez’ekirungo kya neuropeptide Sema ku kweyongera kw’obutoffaali mu kitundu ky’amannyo aga hippocampal mu nvunza ez’ebika bibiri[J]. Dokl Biol Sci, 2009,424:78-80.DOI:10.1134/s0012496609010232.
Ekintu ekiriwo okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kwokka:
