Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Abe nusi ate ŋu awɔ aklã takpɔnu ene la, Livagen wɔa eƒe aklã takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to mɔnu vovovowo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ dzi, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo do ƒome kple aklã ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple dɔwɔwɔ le aklã ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu vovovowo me. Akpa siwo gbɔna la aƒo nu tso Livagen ƒe aklã takpɔnu ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu tsitotsito.
Figure 1 Livagen ƒe atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme.
Livagen ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Aklãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔna Kple Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi
Le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖoɖo nu la, Livagen wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ me. Nyatakaka siwo tso immunocytochemistry kple morphometric analysis me ɖee fia be Livagen ate ŋu aʋã lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe xexlẽme ƒe wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe homeostasis le aklã dekɔnuwo me. Etɔxɛe la, Livagen ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu vevitɔe nye be wòana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe blibonyenye nali ke eye wòana lãmenugbagbeviwo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo me gbugbɔgadzɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo nanyo ɖe edzi. Ekpena ɖe aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nɔnɔme si sɔ ŋu, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu awɔ woƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu. Ne gotagome tɔtɔ siwo ate ŋu ahe tɔtrɔ alo agblẽ nu le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu la, Livagen ate ŋu awɔ dɔ akpe ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu woalé woƒe nɔnɔme si sɔ me ɖe asi alesi wòanya wɔe, si ana woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nawɔ dɔ nyuie.
Le protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, Livagen ɖea ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuiwo hã fiana. Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ tso protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe ɣeyiɣi ƒe didime le aklã me lãmenugbagbevi ɖeka ƒe dekɔnuwo me tso sisiblisi siwo xɔ ƒe vovovowo (ɣleti 1–24) me ŋu ɖee fia be Livagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala), si wokpɔ to atike ƒe wɔwɔme si woɖo mɔ na si wotu ɖe amino acid numekuku le aklã me peptide dzadzraɖo ŋu dzi la ate ŋu ana protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme nadzi ɖe edzi le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo me tso sisiblisi siwo xɔ ƒe vovovowo me. Dɔwɔwɔ sia dzena le lãmenugbagbevi siwo tso sisiblisi tsitsiwo me koŋ me, afisi menye ɖeko Livagen dzia protein ƒe wɔwɔme ɖe edzi ko o, ke enaa protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe sesẽme hã doa ŋusẽe. Proteinwoe nye nu vevi siwo dzi lãmenugbagbeviwo nɔa te ɖo wɔa dɔ vovovowo. Livagen ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe protein ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ dzi kpena ɖe aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ŋu. Enzyme geɖe siwo kpɔa gome le aklã me aɖi ɖeɖeɖa, nusiwo ƒe wɔwɔme, kple woƒe gbegblẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me nye proteinwo. To protein ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me la, Livagen ate ŋu ana enzyme siawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi, si ana aklãa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bliboa nanyo ɖe edzi.
Livagen ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu
Aklã wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le amegbetɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, eye Livagen ate ŋu awɔ ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuiwo ɖe aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo dzi. Le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ me la, aklã nye teƒe vevi aɖe si carbohydrate, lipid, kple protein ƒe asitɔtrɔ le. Livagen ate ŋu aɖɔ ŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dadasɔ le aklãa me ɖo to ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe enzyme siwo sɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Ate ŋu ado enzyme veviwo ƒe wɔwɔme alo dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le gluconeogenesis me, si ana aklã nate ŋu atrɔ nusiwo menye carbohydrate o woazu sukli nyuie wu ne ŋutilãa hiãe, si ana ŋusẽ nanɔ ŋutilãa ŋu. Le ami ƒe asitɔtrɔ gome la, Livagen ate ŋu aɖɔ ami ƒe β-oxidation ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo, si axe mɔ na ami ƒe ƒoƒo ɖe aklã me fũu akpa eye wòato esia me akpe ɖe ame ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo abe ami ƒe aklãdɔ ene nu.
Le nuwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple catabolic metabolism gome la, Livagen hã wɔa akpa aɖe. Aklã ƒe dɔe nye be wòawɔ nu vevi vovovowo abe albumin kple nusiwo naa ʋu ƒe sisi ene. To protein ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me la, Livagen kpena ɖe nu siawo wɔwɔ ŋu le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu, eye wòléa ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me ɖe asi. Albumin le vevie ŋutɔ na plasma colloid osmotic pressure léle ɖe asi. Livagen ƒe albumin ƒe wɔwɔme dodo ɖe ŋgɔ kpena ɖe plasma colloid osmotic pressure ŋu wòli ke, si xea mɔ na nɔnɔmewo abe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ʋuʋu ene. Le catabolic metabolism gome la, Livagen ate ŋu ana aklã ƒe ŋutete nadzi ɖe edzi be wòagbã nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ahatrɔ wo. Ele be aɖi siwo tso gota alo lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me siwo gena ɖe aklã me la nato lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe ɖoɖo vovovowo me hafi woaɖe wo ɖa le ŋutilãa me. Livagen ate ŋu aɖɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe enzyme siwo sɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo be wòana nu siawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tɔtrɔ kabakaba, si ana aklãa ƒe aɖiɖeɖeɖa ƒe agba dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ eye wòakpɔ eta tso nusiwo agblẽ le eŋu me.
Livagen ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ le Aklã ƒe Abixɔxɔ ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu Vovovowo Me
Le aklã ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖewo siwo wodo kpɔ me la, Livagen ɖe aklã takpɔnu nyuiwo fia. Le kpɔɖeŋu siwo wowɔ abe aklã ƒe gbegblẽ si aɖiwo gblẽna ene me la, Livagen ate ŋu aɖe alesi gbegbe aɖiwo gblẽna le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ. Ne atike aɖewo de aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo me la, woƒe lãkusi ƒe wɔwɔme kple ŋutinuwo ate ŋu agblẽ, si ana lãmenugbagbeviwo nawɔ dɔ nyuie o alo woaku gɔ̃ hã. Esi wotsɔ Livagen da dɔe vɔ la, alesi gbegbe lãmenugbagbeviwo gblẽnae dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, eye nusiwo gblẽ ƒe dzesi aɖewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Esia ɖee fia be Livagen ate ŋu atsi aɖi ƒe amedzidzedze ɖe aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu nu vaseɖe afi aɖe, akpɔ woƒe blibonyenye kple dɔwɔwɔ ta.
Le aklã ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si dɔlélenutsiŋutete wɔna me la, Livagen hã ɖea ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuiwo fiana. Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mesɔ o ate ŋu ahe dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo vɛ le aklãa me, si ana lãmenugbagbeviwo nagblẽ. Livagen ate ŋu aɖe aklã ƒe dɔdzẽ dzi akpɔtɔ to dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple dɔdzẽ ƒe nusiwo dona ɖa me. Ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe dɔlékuiwutike aɖewo ƒe wɔwɔ nu (abe tumor necrosis factor-α, kple bubuawo ene) esime wòle dɔlékuiwutike siwo tsia dɔdzẽ nu (abe interleukin-10, kple bubuawo ene) ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si ana dɔdzẽ ƒe nuto sue si le aklãa me la natrɔ ayi mɔ si anyo na lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo, aɖe dɔdzẽ ƒe nugbegblẽ le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòado ɖɔɖɔɖo kple aklã ƒe lãkusiwo ƒe gbugbɔgadzɔ.
Livagen zazã si woate ŋu azã le aklãdɔlélewo nutsitsi kple wo dada me
Wotue ɖe Livagen ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo me kple abixɔxɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu vovovowo dzi, eye asixɔxɔ si woate ŋu azã le aklãdɔlélewo nutsitsi kple wo dada me le esi. Le mɔxexe ɖe dɔléle nu gome la, le ameha siwo le afɔku gã me abe ahatsunolawo ɣeyiɣi didi, ame siwo lolo akpa, kple dɔwɔƒe siwo doa go atike siwo me aɖi le aklã me ene gome la, Livagen ate ŋu anye nunyiame si woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe dɔlélea nu. To Livagen nono ɣesiaɣi me la, ekpena ɖe aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmesẽ ŋu, enaa aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple aɖi ɖeɖeɖa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, eye wòɖea aklãdɔléle ƒe afɔkua dzi kpɔtɔna. Le ahatsunolawo atraɖii gome la, aha sesẽ kple eƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le aklãa ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi. Livagen ate ŋu aɖe nusiwo gblẽ le ame ŋu sia dzi akpɔtɔ vaseɖe afi aɖe, akpɔ aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso nusiwo aha sesẽ hena vɛ me, eye wòaxe mɔ ɖe aklãdɔ si ahatsunono ƒe dɔléle ƒe gɔmedzedze nu.
Le atikewɔwɔ gome la, le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu wokpɔ aklãdɔ le xoxo gome la, Livagen ate ŋu anye atikewɔwɔmɔnu kpeɖeŋutɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu aklãdɔléle si nɔa anyi didi le gome la, woate ŋu azã Livagen atsɔ akpe ɖe dɔlékuiwutike alo dɔlékuiwutike siwo wozãna tsã ŋu. Edoa aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, enaa aklã ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, enaa atikewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, eɖea abi kple fibrosis le aklã me dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wònaa dɔlélea ƒe ŋgɔyiyi dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ le gome la, Livagen kpena ɖe aklã ƒe ʋu ƒe sisi suesuesuewo ŋu wònyona ɖe edzi, edoa nunyiame ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe ŋgɔ na aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo, eye wòɖɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe asitɔtrɔ le aklãa me ɖo, si wɔnɛ be lãkusi siwo me ka le fũu akpa dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Esia ate ŋu ana aklã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi vaseɖe afi aɖe eye wòana dɔnɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Mɔnu si Livagen Wɔna Le Aklã Takpɔkpɔ Me Ŋuti Numekuku
Le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzesimɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, Livagen ate ŋu akpɔ gome le mɔ siwo ku ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi, woƒe dzidziɖedzi, kple agbetsitsi ŋu la dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ate ŋu ana mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ƒe dzesimɔ si wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi, vovototodedeameme, kple nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo me nawɔ dɔ. To MAPK ƒe dzesimɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la, Livagen ate ŋu ado aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple agbetsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ, si ana aklãa ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ kabakaba ne aklãa gblẽ.
Livagen ate ŋu awɔ dɔ kple nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nusiwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me be wòaɖɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kplii ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖo. Nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nuwɔna nye protein ƒe hatsotso aɖe si blana ɖe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuto tɔxɛ aɖewo ŋu tsɔ ɖɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖo. Livagen ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe akpa aɖewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ alo woƒe ɖeɖefia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi, si ana domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wɔwɔme dzi kpɔkpɔ, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple antioxidant takpɔkpɔ ŋu ƒe ɖeɖefia natrɔ, si ana wòawɔ eƒe aklã takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ate ŋu aɖɔ nuklia factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), si nye nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe antioxidant takpɔnu si kpɔa antioxidant enzyme domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi la ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. To Nrf2 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la, Livagen doa antioxidant enzymes ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, edoa aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe antioxidant ŋutete ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wòkpɔa aklã ta tso nusiwo oxidative stress hena vɛ me.
Le lãmenugbagbeviwo dome kadodo ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vovovowo le aklãa me, abe aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo, aklã me ɣletivimefakaka ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo, kple Kupffer lãmenugbagbeviwo ene, siwo wɔa dɔ aduadu to lãmenugbagbeviwo dome kadodo me be aklãa nawɔ dɔ nyuie. Livagen ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kadodo ƒe ɖoɖo si le lãmenugbagbevi siawo dome dzi, si aɖɔ woƒe kadodowo ɖo. Ate ŋu aɖɔ aklã me lãmenugbagbevi siwo nye stellate cells, siwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le aklã me fibrosis me ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme ɖo. Livagen ɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe wɔwɔme kple eɖeɖe ɖe go dzi kpɔtɔna to mɔxexe ɖe aklã me ɣletivimefakaka ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu, si wɔnɛ be aklã me fibrosis ƒe sesẽ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Livagen ate ŋu atrɔ asi le Kupffer lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu, si ana woate ŋu awɔ akpa aɖe si ɖea vi wu le aklã ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo me eye wòado aklã ƒe lãkusiwo dzadzraɖo kple wo gbugbɔgawɔ ɖe ŋgɔ.
Nyanuwuwuw
Kpuie ko la, Livagen ɖe akpa vevi aɖe fia le aklã takpɔkpɔ me. To numekuku deto siwo ku ɖe eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu kple eƒe dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekuku si yia edzi me la, ate ŋu awɔ akpa aɖe le mɔxexe ɖe aklãdɔlélewo nu kple wo dada me.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
[1] Riadnova I, Filippov SV, Iuzhakov V V. [Aklã ƒe dekɔnu si nye organotypic si wodo ɖe peptide livagen me ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme][J]. Ŋgɔyiyi le Amegãkukuŋutinunya me, 2002,10:88-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Xɔ&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12577697&biabia_hl=1.
[2] Brodskiĭ V, Khavinson V, Zolotarev I, kple ame bubuwo. [Protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe tsɔtsɔme le aklãmenugbagbevi siwo tso sisiblisi siwo xɔ ƒe vovovowo me ƒe dekɔnuwo me. Peptide livagen][J] ƒe ɖoɖo kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol, 2001 (5): 517-521. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Xɔ&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15926314&biabia_hl=1
Adzɔnu si li na numekuku zazã ɖeɖeko:
