Bya Cocer Peptides 
omwezi gumu emabega
EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.
Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.
Nga ekintu ekiyinza okukola emirimu gy’okukuuma ekibumba, Livagen ekola ebikolwa byayo eby’okukuuma ekibumba okuyita mu nkola eziwera, omuli okukwata ku nsengeka y’obutoffaali n’enkola, okulungamya enkola z’okukyusakyusa ekibumba ezikwatagana n’ekibumba, n’okukola mu bikolwa eby’enjawulo eby’obuvune bw’ekibumba. Ebitundu bino wammanga bijja kuwa okukubaganya ebirowoozo mu bujjuvu ku bikolwa bya Livagen eby’okukuuma ekibumba n’okukozesebwa.
Ekifaananyi 1 Ensengekera y’eddagala lya Livagen.
Ebikolwa bya Livagen ku nsengeka y’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba n’enkola yaago
Ku mutendera gw’obutoffaali, Livagen ekola kinene nnyo mu kulungamya mu nkula n’enkola y’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba. Ebiwandiiko okuva mu immunocytochemistry ne morphometric analysis biraga nti Livagen esobola okusitula structural and functional homeostasis y’obutoffaali mu buwangwa bw’ekibumba. Okusingira ddala, engeri ya Livagen enkulu ey’okukola eri mu kutebenkeza obulungi bw’enkula y’obutoffaali n’okutumbula enkola z’okuzza obuggya obutoffaali n’omunda mu butoffaali. Kiyamba okukuuma enkula y’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba mu ngeri eya bulijjo, ne busobozesa okukola emirimu gyabwo egy’omubiri mu ngeri ennungi. Obutoffaali bw’ekibumba bwe bufuna okutaataaganyizibwa okw’ebweru okuyinza okuleeta enkyukakyuka mu nkula oba okwonooneka, Livagen esobola okukola okuyamba obutoffaali okukuuma enkula yaabwo eya bulijjo nga bwe kisoboka, bwe kityo n’ekakasa enkola ya bulijjo ey’emirimu gyabwo.
Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’okusengejja obutoffaali, Livagen era eraga ebirungi ebivaamu. Okunoonyereza ku circadian rhythm of protein synthesis mu liver cell monolayer cultures okuva mu nvunza ez’emyaka egy’enjawulo (1–24 months) kwazuula nti Livagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala), efunibwa okuyita mu directed chemical synthesis nga yesigamiziddwa ku amino acid analysis of a liver peptide preparation, esobola okwongera ku protein synthesis levels mu liver cells okuva mu nvunza ez’emyaka egy’enjawulo. Ekikolwa kino kyeyoleka nnyo mu butoffaali okuva mu nvunza enkadde, nga Livagen tekoma ku kwongera ku miwendo gya puloteyina wabula era n’eyongera ku bunene bw’enkyukakyuka mu kukola puloteyina. Puloteeni ze musingi gw’ebintu ebikulu obutoffaali okukola emirimu egy’enjawulo. Livagen’s promotional effect on protein synthesis eyamba okukuuma emirimu gya bulijjo egy’okukyusakyusa emmere n’omubiri gw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba. Enziyiza nnyingi ezikola mu kuggya obutwa mu kibumba, okukola ebintu, n’enkola y’okuvunda, puloteyina. Nga etumbula okukola puloteyina, Livagen eyinza okwongera ku birimu n’emirimu gy’enziyiza zino, bwe kityo n’eyongera ku nkola y’ekibumba okutwalira awamu.
Okulungamya kwa Livagen ku nkola z’okukyusakyusa emmere ezikwatagana n’ekibumba
Ekibumba kikola kinene mu nkola z’okukyusakyusa emmere y’omuntu, era Livagen esobola okukola ebikolwa ebirungi eby’okulungamya ku mirimu egy’enjawulo egy’enkyukakyuka y’ekibumba. Mu nkyukakyuka y’amasoboza, ekibumba kye kifo ekikulu eky’okukyusakyusa ebirungo ebiyitibwa carbohydrate, lipid, ne protein. Livagen eyinza okulungamya bbalansi y’enkyukakyuka y’amasoboza munda mu kibumba nga ekwata ku nkola y’enziyiza z’enkyukakyuka ezikwatagana. Kiyinza okutumbula okusengejja oba okukola kw’enziyiza enkulu mu gluconeogenesis, okusobozesa ekibumba okukyusa obulungi ebintu ebitali bya kaboni okufuuka glucose ng’omubiri gwetaaga, bwe kityo ne kiwa omubiri amaanyi. Ku nkyukakyuka y’amasavu, Livagen eyinza okulung’amya enkola ya β-oxidation ya asidi z’amasavu, n’eziyiza okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’amasavu okuyitiridde mu kibumba era bwe kityo n’eyamba okuziyiza embeera ng’obulwadde bw’ekibumba ky’amasavu.
Mu nsonga y’okusengejja ebintu n’okukyusakyusa mu mubiri (catabolic metabolism), Livagen nayo ekola kinene. Ekibumba kivunaanyizibwa ku kukola ebintu ebikulu eby’enjawulo, gamba nga albumin ne clotting factors. Nga etumbula okukola puloteyina, Livagen mu ngeri etali butereevu eyamba okwongera ku kukola ebintu bino, okukuuma emirimu gy’omubiri egya bulijjo. Albumin kikulu nnyo mu kukuuma puleesa ya plasma colloid osmotic. Livagen okutumbula okukola albumin kiyamba okutebenkeza plasma colloid osmotic pressure, okuziyiza embeera nga tissue edema. Mu nsonga y’okukyusakyusa ebiriisa mu mubiri (catabolic metabolism), Livagen eyinza okutumbula obusobozi bw’ekibumba okumenya n’okukyusa ebintu eby’obulabe. Obutwa obw’ebweru oba kasasiro ow’omunda mu kibumba ayingira mu kibumba alina okuyita mu nkola ez’okukyusakyusa mu mubiri nga tezinnaba kufulumizibwa mu mubiri. Livagen eyinza okulungamya emirimu gy’enziyiza ezikwatagana mu mubiri okwanguya okukyusakyusa mu mubiri kw’ebintu bino, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku buzito bw’ekibumba obw’okuggya obutwa mu mubiri n’okukikuuma obutakwonooneka.
Enkola ya Livagen mu bikolwa eby’enjawulo eby’obuvune bw’ekibumba
Mu bimu ku bikolwa by’obuvune bw’ekibumba ebyakolebwa mu kugezesa, Livagen yalaga ebikolwa ebirungi eby’okukuuma ekibumba. Mu bikolwa ebikoppa okwonooneka kw’ekibumba okuva ku butwa, Livagen eyinza okukendeeza ku bunene bw’okwonooneka kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba obuva ku butwa. Obutoffaali bw’ekibumba bwe bukwatibwa obutwa obumu obw’eddagala, ensengekera z’obuwuka bwabwo n’ebitundu by’omubiri byabwe biyinza okwonooneka, ekivaako obutoffaali obutakola bulungi oba n’okufa. Oluvannyuma lw’okujjanjabwa ne Livagen, obunene bw’okwonooneka kw’obutoffaali bwakendeera nnyo, era emiwendo gy’obubonero obumu obw’okwonooneka mu butoffaali gyakendeera. Kino kiraga nti Livagen esobola okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu okuziyiza obutwa obulumbibwa obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, n’ekuuma obulungi bwabwo n’enkola yabwo.
Mu nkola y’obuvune bw’ekibumba obuyitibwa immune-mediated liver injury model, Livagen era eraga ebirungi. Okukola mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo kw’abaserikale b’omubiri kuyinza okuleetawo okuddamu kw’okuzimba mu kibumba, ekivaako ebitundu by’omubiri okwonooneka. Livagen eyinza okukendeeza ku kuzimba kw’ekibumba ng’etereeza emirimu gy’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri n’okufulumya ebintu ebizimba. Kiyinza okuziyiza okukola ebirungo ebimu ebiyamba okuzimba (nga tumor necrosis factor-α, n’ebirala) ate nga kitumbula okufulumya obutoffaali obuziyiza okuzimba (nga interleukin-10, n’ebirala), bwe kityo ne kikyusa obutonde obutono obuzimba munda mu kibumba okudda mu ludda olulungi okuddaabiriza ebitundu, okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kw’okuzimba eri obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, n’okutumbula okuddaabiriza n’ okuddamu okukola ebitundu by’ekibumba.
Ebiyinza okukozesebwa Livagen mu kuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’ekibumba
Okusinziira ku mutindo gwa Livagen omulungi ennyo mu butoffaali bw’ekibumba n’engeri ez’enjawulo ez’obuvune, ekwata omugaso oguyinza okukozesebwa mu kuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’ekibumba. Mu nsonga z’okuziyiza, eri abantu abali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi ng’abanywa omwenge okumala ebbanga eddene, abantu abagejjulukuka, n’ebibinja by’emirimu ebikwatibwa ebintu ebitta obutwa mu kibumba, Livagen eyinza okukola ng’ebiriisa ebiziyiza. Nga amira Livagen buli kiseera, ayamba okukuuma obulamu bw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, okutumbula emirimu gy’ekibumba egy’okukyusakyusa emmere n’okuggya obutwa mu mubiri, n’okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’obulwadde bw’ekibumba. Ku banywa omwenge obutawona, omwenge n’ebirungo ebigukyusakyusa bisobola okuleeta okwonooneka okw’olubeerera ku kibumba. Livagen esobola okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kuno okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu, okukuuma obutoffaali bw’ekibumba okuva ku bulabe obuva ku mwenge, n’okuziyiza obulwadde bw’ekibumba obuva ku mwenge okutandika.
Mu nsonga z’obujjanjabi, eri abalwadde abazuuliddwa edda n’obulwadde bw’ekibumba, Livagen esobola okukola ng’enkola ey’obujjanjabi ey’okuyambako. Okugeza, mu balwadde abalina obulwadde bw’ekibumba obutawona, Livagen esobola okukozesebwa ng’egatta wamu n’eddagala ly’ekinnansi eritta akawuka oba eriweweeza ku kuzimba. Kitumbula okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, kyongera ku mirimu gy’ekibumba egy’okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri, kiyamba eddagala, kikendeeza ku kuzimba n’okuzimba ebiwuziwuzi mu kibumba, era kikendeeza ku kukula kw’obulwadde. Ku balwadde abalina obulwadde bwa cirrhosis, Livagen eyamba okulongoosa microcirculation y’ekibumba, okutumbula okugabibwa kw’ebiriisa mu butoffaali bw’ekibumba, n’okulung’amya extracellular matrix metabolism munda mu kibumba, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku fibrous tissue deposition esukkiridde. Kino kiyinza okulongoosa enkola y’ekibumba okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu n’okutumbula omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde.
Okunoonyereza ku nkola y’okukola kwa Livagen mu kukuuma ekibumba
Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’amakubo g’obubonero bw’obutoffaali, Livagen eyinza okwetaba mu kulungamya amakubo agakwatagana n’okukula kw’obutoffaali, okukula, n’okuwangaala. Okugeza, kiyinza okukola ekkubo ly’obubonero erya mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), erikola kinene mu kukula kw’obutoffaali, okwawukana, n’okuddamu ku situleesi. Nga ekola ekkubo ly’obubonero bwa MAPK, Livagen esobola okutumbula okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba n’okuwangaala, okwanguya enkola y’okuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola ng’ekibumba kyonoonese.
Livagen esobola okukwatagana n’ensonga z’okuwandiika mu butoffaali okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana. Ensonga z’okuwandiika (transcription factors) kibiina kya puloteyina ezikwatagana n’ebitundu ebitongole ebitumbula obuzaale okulung’amya okuwandiika kw’obuzaale. Livagen eyinza okukwata ku mirimu oba emitendera gy’okwolesebwa kw’ensonga ezimu ez’okuwandiika, bwe kityo n’ekyusa okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana n’okulabirira ensengekera y’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, okulungamya emirimu gy’enkyukakyuka y’emmere, n’okuziyiza obuwuka obuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, bwe kityo n’ekola ebikolwa byayo eby’okukuuma ekibumba. Okugeza, kiyinza okulungamya emirimu gya nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), ensonga enkulu ey’okuwandiika mu nkola y’obutoffaali ey’okuziyiza obuwuka obuziyiza obuwuka obufuga okwolesebwa kw’omuddirirwa gw’obuzaale bw’enziyiza y’obuziyiza obuwuka. Nga ekola Nrf2, Livagen etumbula okukola enziyiza eziziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, eyongera ku busobozi bw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba obuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde, era ekuuma ekibumba okuva ku kwonooneka okuva ku situleesi y’okwokya.
Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’empuliziganya wakati w’obutoffaali, ekibumba kirimu ebika by’obutoffaali eby’enjawulo, gamba ng’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba, obutoffaali bw’ekibumba obuyitibwa hepatic stellate cells, n’obutoffaali bwa Kupffer, obukolagana nga buyita mu mpuliziganya wakati w’obutoffaali okukuuma enkola y’ekibumba eya bulijjo. Livagen eyinza okukosa enkola y’empuliziganya wakati w’obutoffaali buno, n’etereeza enkolagana yabwo. Kiyinza okulungamya embeera y’okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba obuyitibwa hepatic stellate cells, obukola kinene mu kuzimba ekibumba. Livagen ekendeeza ku kusengejja n’okufulumya matrix ey’ebweru w’obutoffaali ng’eziyiza okukola kw’obutoffaali bw’ekibumba obuyitibwa hepatic stellate cells, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku buzibu bw’okuzimba ekibumba. Okugatta ku ekyo, Livagen eyinza okukyusakyusa enkola y’okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri mu butoffaali bwa Kupffer, n’ebusobozesa okukola omulimu ogw’omugaso ennyo mu kuddamu kw’okuzimba ekibumba n’okutumbula okuddaabiriza n’okuzza obuggya ebitundu by’ekibumba.
Mu bufunzi
Mu bufunze, Livagen eraga emirimu emikulu mu kukuuma ekibumba. Okuyita mu kunoonyereza okw’obwegendereza ku nkola zaayo ez’okukola n’okunoonyereza okugenda mu maaso ku ngeri gye zikozesebwamu mu bujjanjabi, kiyinza okuyamba mu kuziyiza n’okujjanjaba endwadde z’ekibumba.
Ensonda
[1] Riadnova I, Filippov SV, Iuzhakov V V. [Enkula y’emirimu gy’obuwangwa bw’ekibumba obw’ekika kya organotypic obulaga peptide livagen][J]. Enkulaakulana mu by’obukadde, 2002,10:88-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Ggyayo&db=pubmed&dopt=Ebikwata ku biwandiiko&olukalala_uids=12577697&okubuuza_hl=1.
[2] Brodskiĭ V, Khavinson V, Zolotarev I, n’abalala. [Rhythm of protein synthesis mu buwangwa bwa hepatocytes okuva mu nvunza ez’emyaka egy’enjawulo. Norm n’ekikolwa kya peptide livagen][J]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol, 2001 (5): 517-521. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Ggyayo&db=pubmed&dopt=Ebikwata ku biwandiiko&olukalala_uids=15926314&okubuuza_hl=1
Ekintu ekiriwo okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kwokka:
