VIP 6 mg

▎ VIP Structure

▎ VIP Kev Tshawb Fawb

Dab tsi yog qhov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm VIP?

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm VIP (vasoactive plab hnyuv peptide) pib nrog nws qhov kev tshawb pom hauv cov kab mob nyob. Thaum xub thawj raug rho tawm raws li 28-amino acid peptide los ntawm npua duodenum, cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab tau nthuav tawm nws cov kev faib tawm thoob plaws hauv lub plab hnyuv - txuas mus rau lub hauv nruab nrab thiab sab hauv lub paj hlwb thiab cov hlwb endocrine - qhov twg nws ua haujlwm raws li ob qho tib si neurotransmitter thiab cov tshuaj hormones. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus, nws tau pom tseeb tias VIP ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov txheej txheem physiological, suav nrog vasodilation, tiv thaiv kab mob, cell proliferation, hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility regulation, and smooth muscle so.

Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim rau VIP?

Mechanisms ntawm Action ntawm lub digestive system

Kev tswj ntawm plab hnyuv Motility: VIP so cov nqaij ntshiv plab zom mov los ntawm kev khi rau VPAC receptors ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Qhov no activates intracellular signaling txoj kev, ua rau kom cov adenylate cyclase. Cov txheej txheem no txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm ATP mus rau cAMP, nce qib cAMP intracellular. Thaum kawg, qhov no ua rau cov leeg nqaij du, tswj cov zaus thiab amplitude ntawm gastrointestinal peristalsis thiab yog li tswj cov propulsion ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Txhawb kev digestive kua secretion: Nyob rau hauv pancreas, VIP nkoos pancreatic acinar hlwb kom secrete dej thiab bicarbonate, tsim ib tug alkaline ib puag ncig conducive rau pancreatic enzyme kev ua si. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev khi rau VPAC receptors ntawm acinar hlwb, ua kom cov kab mob hauv lub cev thib ob, thiab tswj cov ion channel thiab kev thauj mus los los txhawb dej thiab bicarbonate secretion. Nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab cov hnyuv me, VIP kuj txhawb cov hnoos qeev thiab electrolyte secretion, tiv thaiv lub plab hnyuv mucosa thiab tswj kev zom zaub mov zoo ^[1].

Mechanisms of Action ntawm Cardiovascular System

Vasodilation: VIP ua rau vascular endothelial hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij du. Los ntawm kev khi rau cov receptors, nws txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm vasodilatory yam xws li nitric oxide (NO) los ntawm cov hlwb endothelial lossis ncaj qha inhibits contraction hauv cov leeg nqaij. Qhov no induces vasodilation, txo peripheral vascular tsis kam, thiab tswj ntshav siab. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob physiological los yog pathological, nce VIP tso tawm tshwm sim thaum lub cev xav tau kev txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos, ua rau vasodilation nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sib raug thiab ua rau cov ntshav khiav ^[2].

Mechanisms of Action on the Immune System

Immune Modulation: VIP nthuav qhia cov kev cai bidirectional ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum ntxov o, VIP suppresses kev tsim thiab tso tawm ntawm pro-inflammatory cytokines (piv txwv li, qog necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug herpes simplex kab mob keratitis qauv, exogenous VIP txo neutrophil thiab CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, downregulates proinflammatory yam xws li myeloperoxidase (MPO) thiab interleukin-17 (IL-17), li no alleviating corneal o. Thaum lub sij hawm lig ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, VIP txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm anti-inflammatory cytokines (xws li interleukin-10 thiab transforming loj hlob factor-β), pab txhawb kev daws teeb meem ntawm o thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg.

Daim duab 1 Cov nyhuv ntawm VIP ntawm kev siv cov hlab ntsha lymphatic los ntawm guinea npua mesentery ^[2].

Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov ntawm VIP?

Anti-inflammatory teebmeem: VIP nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv. Nws tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob microenvironment los ntawm kev hloov kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm monocytes, macrophages, thiab tswj T hlwb. Thaum cev xeeb tub, VIP synthesized los ntawm trophoblast hlwb inhibits neutrophil extracellular ntxiab tsim, accelerates neutrophil apoptosis, thiab pab txhawb phagocytic clearance, yog li tswj kev tiv thaiv homeostasis. VIP plays lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho mob ntsig txog kab mob xws li kab mob plab hnyuv thiab mob rheumatoid los ntawm kev hloov kho lub cev inflammatory teb thiab txo cov tsos mob ^[3].

Kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov: VIP ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj lub plab zom mov, suav nrog vasodilation, hormone secretion, kev tswj lub plab zom mov, thiab ua kom cov leeg nqaij du. Yog li ntawd, rau cov kev mob uas muaj feem xyuam rau txoj hnyuv motility tsis ua hauj lwm (xws li, functional dyspepsia, cem quav, raws plab), VIP tej zaum yuav txhim kho cov tsos mob los ntawm regulating plab hnyuv motility thiab secretory functions. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej yam kab mob inflammatory gastrointestinal kab mob, VIP's anti-inflammatory thiab tiv thaiv kab mob-modulating los kuj pab rau cov kab mob rov qab ^[4].

Neurological Disorders: VIP yog faib thoob plaws hauv nruab nrab thiab peripheral paj hlwb, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tseem ceeb neurotransmitter los yog neuromodulator nyob rau hauv regulating ntau yam physiological txheej txheem. Hauv cov kab mob neurological xws li neurodegenerative disorders (piv txwv li, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), kev tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov txawv txav hauv VIP thiab nws cov receptors cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Modulating VIP qib lossis receptor muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem muab cov kev kho tshiab rau cov xwm txheej no. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kho cov hlab ntsha zoo li tus txha caj qaum raug mob, VIP tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kho mob los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev muaj sia nyob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev sib txawv ^[4,5].

Cov kab mob plawv: Muab nws cov vasodilatory zog, VIP cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob plawv. Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob ntawm qee yam kab mob plawv xws li ntshav siab thiab kab mob plawv, VIP tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov hlab ntsha, txo qis peripheral vascular tsis kam, thiab txhim kho cov ntshav myocardial. Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov kev kho mob hauv kev kho mob plawv tam sim no ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, xws li teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog VIP ruaj khov thiab lub hom phiaj ^[4].

Xaus

Hauv kev kho kab mob, VIP cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob microenvironment, muab cov tswv yim cuam tshuam rau cov mob xws li mob plab hnyuv thiab mob rheumatoid. Nws cov kev cai ntawm txoj hnyuv motility thiab secretion tuaj yeem txhim kho txoj hnyuv dysmotility. Hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective thiab rov kho dua tuaj yeem pab tshawb nrhiav kev kho mob rau Parkinson's disease thiab Alzheimer's disease. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj haujlwm vasodilatory pab txhawb rau kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob plawv.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Pierre-Yves von der Weid yog tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Calgary's Cumming School of Medicine hauv Canada, tshwj xeeb hauv lymphatic system physiology. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb feem ntau tshawb txog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, suav nrog kev tsim cov pacemaker muaj peev xwm, kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm endothelial yam, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm inflammatory mediators ntawm lymphatic twj tso kua mis. Ua haujlwm pharmacological, electrophysiological, thiab biochemical mus kom ze, nws ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm lymphatic system physiology thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv thoob plaws ntau lub xeev. Pierre-Yves von der Weid tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv [2].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Williams JA. VIP Receptors; 2021. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261773265.

[2] von der Weid PY, Rehal S, Dyrda P, et al. Mechanisms ntawm VIP-induced inhibition ntawm lymphatic hlab ntsha twj tso kua mis. Phau ntawv Journal of Physiology-London 2012; 590(11): 2677-2691.DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230599.

[3] Ramhorst R, Calo G, Paparini D, et al. Tswj cov lus teb inflammatory thaum cev xeeb tub: lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm VIP raws li kev tswj hwm peptide. Annals ntawm New York Academy of Sciences 2019; 1437(1): 15-21.DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13632.

[4] Onoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S. Cov qauv-kev sib raug zoo ntawm vasoactive plab hnyuv peptide (VIP): muaj zog agonists thiab muaj peev xwm siv tshuaj kho mob. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives ntawm Pharmacology 2008; 377(4-6): 579-590.DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0232-0.

[5] Gozes I, Fridkin M, Brenneman DE. VIP hybrid antagonist: los ntawm kev loj hlob neurobiology mus rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Cellular thiab Molecular Neurobiology 1995; 15(6): 675-687.DOI: 10.1007/BF02071131.

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.