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▎ Bpc 157 Struktrɔ
Sos: PubChem |
Sikyɔn: GEPPPGKPADDAGLV Mɔlikul Fɔmula: C 62H 98N 16O22 Molikul Weyt: 1419.5g/mol CAS Nɔmba: 137525-51-0 PubChem CID: 9941957. Di wan dɛn we de wok Sinonim dɛn: Bepecin |
▎ Bpc 157 Risach
Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ Bpc 157?
Bpc 157 na pεptida we kכmכp fכ 15 amino asid dεm εn na pat pan di sikεns fכ di bכdi protεkshכn kכmpawnd (Bpc) we dεn dכn fכs εn aylכt frכm hכman gεstrik jus. Dis na di risach bakgrɔn we gɛt fɔ du wit Bpc 157:
Di Bren-Gɔt Aks ɛn Bpc 157:
di intarakshכn na di bren-gut involv pεptidargik growth fכktכ dεm. pan dεm, di stebul gastric pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 na anti-ulcer peptidergic dכg we sef εn ifektiv insay inflammatory bowel disease trials εn naw dεn de du trial fכ mכltipl sklerכsis. i nכmal fכ de insay mכtalman gεstrik jus [1] . Bpc 157 kin akt lεk nyu mεdiate fכ Rכbכt sεl protεkshכn, we de tek pat fכ mεnten di integriti fכ di gεstrointestinal mכkus witout tכxik ifekt.
I dɔn gɛt sakrifays fɔ trit sik dɛn we de na di bɛlɛ, periodontitis, liva ɛn pankrias lɛshɔn dɛn, ɛn bak fɔ mɛn difrɛn tisu ɛn wund dɛn. i de stimulate di Egr-1 jin, NAB2, FAK-paxillin, εn JAK-2 path dεm bak [1] .we dεn administret Bpc 157 pεrifεral, dεn de si kכrεspכndεnt bεnεfit sεntri ifekt dεm fכs, spεshal chenj dεm na sεrotonin rilis na sכm εria dεm na di bren (mεnli di nigrostriatal rijyכn). Bpc 157 de rεgεl di sεrotonεjik εn dopaminεrjik sistεm dεm, we de gεt bεnεfik ifekt pan difrεn bihayvכral dizכrd dεm we de apin bikoz fכ spεsifi k stimulashכn/dεmεj fכ di nyurotransmitta sistεm.
apat frכm dat, Bpc 157 gεt nyuroprotεktiv ifekt dεm, lεk fכ protεkt somatosensכri nyuron dεm, fכ protεkt di pεrifεral nεv rigεnεreshכn, fכ kכntrכl di prכgreshכn prכsεs afta traumatik bren injuri, fכ prεvεnt aksכnal εn nyuronal nεkrכsis, dεmyεlinεshכn, εn sist fכmeshכn insay rat dεm wit spεnal kכd kכmpreshכn we kכmכn wit kכdal paralayz, εn ristכr di kכdal fכnshכn [1] . .
di Rol fכ Gεstrik Sεl Protεkshכn εn כgan Protεkshכn:
Bpc 157 na big signifyans as poshubul mεdiεta fכ Rכbכt in gastric sεl protεkshכn/adaptiv sεl protεkshכn εn כgan protεkshכn, εn bak wan nyu mεdiεta fכ Selye in strεs rεspכns. Bpc 157 de protεkt di gεstrik sεl dεm εn de mεnten di integriti fכ di bεlε εgεst difrεn harmful tin dεm.
I kin mek di bad bad tin dɛn we rɔm ɛn nɔ-stɛroyd anti-inflammatory drɔgs kin du to di gastric epithelium ɛn ɔda epithelia (lɛk di skin, liva, pankrias, at, ɛn bren), ɛn i kin yuz am fɔ mɛn wund. pan tap dat, Bpc 157 kin kכntrכl di gastric εndoteyl dεm bak, protεkt כda vaskulεr εndoteyl dεm, i kin gεt fayn impak pan di bכdi vεsul dεm, rεkכnstrכkt di integriti fכ blכd fכ fכlכ kwik kwik wan, εn kכntrכl tכmכro kεshεksia, mכsul dεm we de west, εn inkrεs pro-inflammatory/cachectic cytokines [2]. .
Di Tεrapi Rol in Vaskulכr Oklushכn:
insay di stכdi fכ supεriכr mεsεnεrik atεri εn vein oklushכn insay rat, Bpc 157 kin aktibכt kolataral path dεm kwik kwik wan, inklud di supεriכr mεsεnεrik vein-infεriכr antεriכr pankrεatikoduodenal vein-supεriכr antεriכr pankrεatikoduodenal vein-paylorik vein-pכtal vein path, כltεrnativ path dεm to di infεriכs vena kava tru di midul kכlik di vein εn di infεriכs mεsεntrik vein, εn di infεriכs antεriכr pankrεatikoduodenal atεri εn infεriכs mεsεntrik atεri.
Bpc 157 kin kכntrכl supεriכr sajital sayn, pכtal vein, εn infεriכs vena kava haypatεnshכn, aorta haypotεnshכn, prכgrεsiv venכs εn atεrial trombosis na di pεrifεral εn sεntrial εria dεm, i kin εliviet mכlti כgan lεshכn dεm, lεsin dεm na di at, lכng, liva, kidni, gεstrointestinal trakt, spεshal wan na di bren, εn כksidεtiv strεs na di tisu dεm [3] ..
di Rol we Budd-Chiari Sεndrכm de ple: insay di stכdi fכ di Budd-Chiari sεndrכm mכdel (oklushכn fכ di suprahepatic vena cava) insay rat, Bpc 157 kin fכm kwik kwik wan baypas path dεm fכ di infεriכs vena cava-azygos vein (hemiazygos vein)-superior vena cava εn portacaval shunt, kכntrכkt di pכtal vein εn infεriכr vena cava haypatεnshכn, aorta haypotεnshכn, εn de εliviet trombosis, εlektrokardiogram dizכrd, εn lεsin dεm na di liva εn gεstrointestinal trakt. di tεm we dεn de ligεshכn, di lεvεl dεm fכ naytrik כksid εn malondialdehyde na di liva de stil de insay di nכmal hεlty valyu rεnj, εn di inkrεs pan di sεrum εnzym dεm de rεdכks bak bכku [4] ..
Di Potεnshal Tεrapi Rol in COVID-19:
Dɛn kin tek COVID-19 as trombotik ɛn vaskul sik we kin mɔs de tɔch di sistɛm ɛndoteyl sɛl dɛn, we kin mek di sɛntral vaskyuɛl disfɔkshɔn, we kin mek i gɛt kɔmplikeshɔn ɛn bɔku ɔgan dɛn nɔ de wok fayn. Bpc 157 na pεptida we gεt anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, εn endothelial protεktiv ifekt dεm na difrεn כgan sistεm dεm fכ difrεn spεshal. i kin aktibכt εndoteyl nitric oxide synthase, we riliyt to nitric oxide rilis, tisu ripa, εn vaskulεr rεguleshכn prכpati dεm, impruv vaskulכr integriti εn imyun rεspכns, ridyus di pro-inflammatory stet, εn ridyus di siriכs fכ di sik. So, i impɔtant fɔ tɔk bɔt in pɔtnɛshɛl as prɛvɛntiv ɛn sɔpɔtmɛnt tritmɛnt we [5] (Deek SA, 2022).
wetin na di spεsifi k mεkanism fכ akshכn fכ Bpc 157 na di bren-gut aks?
di bren-gut aks na komplex tu-way kכmyunikeshn sistεm we involv di intarakshכn bitwin di nεv sistεm εn di gεstrointestinal trakt, εn Bpc 157 de ple imכtant rol insay am, mεntal wan pan tri aspek dεm: fכs, as saytoprotektiv mεdiate, Bpc 157 kin tek pat fכ mεnten di integriti fכ di gεstrointestinal mכkus. as nyu mεdiate fכ Rכbכt sεl protεkshכn we nכ gεt tכxik ifekt, i de mεnten di nכmal fysiolojikal fכnshכn fכ di gεstrointestinal trakt bay we i de protεkt di gεstrointestinal sεl dεm, we de afekt di bεlε fכ di bren-gut aks. Sɛkɔn, i de rigul di nyurotransmitta sistɛm. Bpc 157 kin rεgεl di sεrotonεrjik εn dopaminεrjik sistεm dεm. we dεn gi Bpc 157 pεriferal, di rilis fכ sεrotonin insay spεsifi k bren εria dεm (mεnli di nigrostriatal rijyכn) go chenj, we go prodyuz bεnεfit sεntri ifekt dεm. pan tap dat, i kin bεnεfit fכ afekt difrεn bihayvכral dizכrd dεm we de apin bikoz fכ spεsifi k stimulashכn/dεmεj fכ di nyurotransmitta sistεm. fכ egzampl, i de rεgεl di sεrotonεjik εn dopaminεrjik sistεm dεm fכ impruv di bihayvכral prכblεm dεm we di abnכmal nyurotransmit sistεm dεm de kכz. Tɔd, i gɛt nyuroprotɛktiv ifɛkt dɛn. Bpc 157 kin protεkt somatosensכri nyuron dεm, protεkt nyuron sכvayv εn fכnshכnal rεkכvεshכn if nεv injuri, protεkt di pεrifεral nεv rigεnεreshכn, εn rεstכr nεv kכndukshכn fכnshכn, we de ridyus traumatik bren injuri. fכ egzampl, insay di kes fכ spεnal kכd kכmpreshכn insay rat dεm we kכmpan wit kכdal paralayz, aksכnal εn nyuronal nεkrכsis, dεmyelinεshכn, εn sist fכmeshכn, Bpc 157 kin sev di kכdal fכnshכn εn rεdכks di damej to כgan dεm lεk di nεv sεstem εn gεstrointestinal trakt we kכz fכ dכg כvados כ εnεfalopati, we de protεkt di nכmal fכnshכn dεm na di bכdi [1] ..
wetin na di spεsifi k mεkanism fכ Bpc 157 fכ trit sεntri nεv sεstem sik dεm?
Bpc 157 dכn sho mכltipכl pכtεnshal mεkanism dεm fכ trit sεntri nεv sεstem sik dεm. insay di mכdel fכ sεribra ischemic strכk, Bpc 157 de kכntrכl di strכk we baylatarכl kכmכn karotid atεri kכlεmp indyuz bay we i de protεkt nyuron dεm εn sכpכt spεsifi k jin εksprεshכn. i kin adrεs di pεrsisεnt dεmεj to di bren nyuron dεm na rat, we i de impruv di disturb mεmכri, mכtal, εn kכdכnayshכn abiliti dεm. i gεt dayrekt protεktiv ifekt pan di nyuronal dεm we ischemic strok de kכz εn i de sכpכt bak di εksprεshכn fכ spεsifi k jin dεm na di hipokampal tisu. i kin mek di nyuron dεm fכ liv εn fכ wok bak bay we i de rεgεl di εksprεshכn fכ spεsifi k jin dεm [6] . .
Ɛgzampul dɛn fɔ saksesful administreshɔn mɛkanism fɔ di delivri fɔ BPC 157; ɔl di rod dɛm, lokal ɛn sistɛm, dɛn dɔn ripɔt se dɛn gɛt fayn fayn wɛlbɔdi autkam
Sos:PubMed [7] we dɛn pul am.
fכ skizofrenia, Bpc 157 de rεgεl di rilayshכn bitwin di naytrik oksayd sistεm εn di dopamin sistεm εn i de kכntrכl difrεn abnכmaliti dεm na di dopamin sistεm, we de mek di simptom dεm fכ skizofrenia impruv. i kin adrεs di komplεks rilayshכn bitwin di naytrik oksayd sistεm εn amfetamin, apomכfin, MK-801, εn krεse mεtilfεnidayt administreshכn, we sho se i kin impruv di simptom dεm fכ skizofrenia bay we i de rεgεl di fכnshכn dεm fכ di naytrik oksayd sistεm εn di dopamin sistεm. i kin kכntrכl difrεn abnכmaliti dεm na di dopamin sistεm, inklud di dopamin rεsεpכta blכkεd, divεlכpmεnt fכ rεsεpכta haypasεnsitiviti, rεsεpכta aktibכshכn, fכ rilis pasmak, nigrostriatal dεmεj, εn vεsikul dεplishכn, εn i gεt bכku rεgεlεtכri ifekt dεm pan di dopamin sistεm εn i de εp fכ rεstכr di fכnshכnal bεlε na di dopamin sistεm insay skizofrenia pasεnshכn dεm [6] . .
apat frכm dat, as nyu tכp saytoprotektiv mεdiεta, Bpc 157 de rεgεl di sεrotonεjik εn dopaminεrjik sistεm dεm, i gεt bεnεfit ifekt pan bihayvכral dizכrd dεm, εn tru in nyuroprotεktiv ifekt, i de protεkt somatosensory nyuron dεm, i de protεkt di pεrifεral nεv rigεnεreshכn, i de kכntrכl di prכgreshכn fכ traumatik bren injuri, εn i de rεstכr di kכdal fכnshכn. i kin akt lεk nyu tכp saytoprotektiv mεdiate, tek pat fכ mεnten di integriti fכ di gεstrointestinal mכkus, εn i kin gεt indaykt tεrapi ifekt pan sεntri nεv sεstem sik dεm. i kin rεgεl di sεrotonεrjik εn dopaminεrjik sistεm dεm bak, i kin gεt bεnεfit ifekt pan difrεn bihayvכral dizכrd dεm we kin apin bikoz fכ spεsifi k (εksεsiv) stimulashכn/dεmεj fכ di nyurotransmit sistεm, εn di sem tεm i kin gεt nyuroprotεktiv ifekt dεm, lεk fכ protεkt di somatosensory nyuron dεm, fכ protεkt di pεrifεral nεv rigεnεreshכn, fכ kכntrכl di traumatik bren injuri, fכ kכntrכl aksכnal εn nyuronal nεkrכsis, dεmεlinεshכn, εn sist fכmeshכn insay rat dεm wit spεnal kכd kכmpreshכn, εn rεstכr kכdal fכnshכn [1]. .
Wetin na di Study dɛm we gɛt fɔ du wit Bpc 157?
As Pɔtɛnɛshɛl Tritmɛnt fɔ COVID-19:
Let 2019, korona vayrɔs sik 2019 (COVID-19) bin mek wan big big sik ɔlsay na di wɔl. Risach sho se COVID-19 na big wan pan trombotik ɛn vaskyuɛl sik we de tɔch di sistɛm ɛndoteyl sɛl dɛn, we kin mek di sɛntral vaskyuɛl wok nɔ de wok [5] . Di wan dɛn we gɛt COVID-19 kin gɛt bɔku bɔku ɔgan dɛn we nɔ de wok lɛk akyu respiratory distress syndrome, at ɛn vaskul kɔmplikeshɔn, liva injuri, ɛn nerve injury. Bays pan animal mɔdel data, risach pipul dɛn dɔn tɔk bɔt di wok we Bpc 157 de du as nyu drɔg fɔ mek di klinik manejmɛnt fɔ COVID-19 bɛtɛ. Bpc 157 na pεptida we de sho anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, εn endothelial protεktiv ifekt dεm na difrεn כgan sistεm dεm fכ difrεn spεshal. Bpc 157 de aktibכt εndoteyl nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we de riliyt to nitric oxide (NO) rilis, tisu ripa, εn vaskulεr rεguleshכn prכpati dεm, εn i kin impruv vaskulכr integriti εn imyun rεspכns, ridyus di pro-inflammatory stet, εn ridyus di siriכs fכ di sik. So, i rili impɔtant fɔ tɔk bɔt di pɔtnɛshɛl we i gɛt as prɛvɛntiv ɛn adjuvant tritmɛnt we.
Aksεleret di Hilin fכ di Mכskul Sכft Tisu:
wan rivyu dεn dכn du pan di rol we Bpc 157 de ple fכ trit sכft tisu injuri [7] .Naw, כl di εkspεriεns dεm we de stכdi Bpc 157 dεn sho se fכ difrεn kayn injuri dεm (inklud traumatik εn sistεmik injuri εn difrεn sכft tisu injuri dεm), Bpc 157 gεt kכnsistεnt positifu εn rεpid hilin ifekt. Bɔt te naw, bɔku pan di stɔdi dɛn dɔn du pan smɔl smɔl rodɛnt mɔdel dɛn, ɛn dɛn nɔ dɔn kɔnfyus di ɛfifikɛshɔn fɔ Bpc 157 pan mɔtalman. pan tap dat, i klia se Bpc 157 gεt big pכtεnshal εn dεn de εkspεkt fכ bi tritmεnt mεtכd fכ di kכnsyuv tritmεnt fכ lכw-vaskulεr εn lכw sεlyul sכft tisu (lεk tεndon εn ligament) injuri כ as adjuvant fכ rεkכv afta fכ divεlכpmεnt. apat frכm dat, di skel mכsul injuri mכdel sho se Bpc 157 nכto nכmכ i gεt bεnεfit ifekt pan injuri dεm we dεn kכz bay dayrekt trauma bכt i gεt bak pan sistεmik injuri dεm we inklud haypakalemia εn haypamagnesemia.
Improving Motor Function afta di Spinal Kɔd Injuri:
risach pipul dεn yuz wan rat mכdel we dεn dכn disayn fayn fayn wan fכ sho se di stebul gastric pεntadekapεptida Bpc 157 kin impruv spεnal kכd injuri [8] . stכdi dεm we dεn bin dכn du bifo dis tεm dεn sho se Bpc 157 kin kכntrכl di kכnsekvεns dεm fכ di pεrifεral (sciatic nerve) nεv transεkshכn/anastomosis εn impruv di nεv hεlin, bren trauma, εn difrεn εnεsεfalopathi dεm. Bpc 157 dεn bin yuz am as anti-ulsa pεptida in inflammatory bowel disease trials εn multiple sclerosis trials. insay wan stכdi, rat dεm gεt wan singl intrapεritכnial injεkshכn fכ Bpc 157 (200 כ 2μg/kg) כ nכmal salin (5ml/kg) afta spεnal kכd injuri. כl di rat dεm we injuri sho kכntinyu improvεmεnt afta Bpc 157 tritmεnt, wit signifyant bεtε klinik tel mכtal fכnshכn εn nכ sεlf-myutilεshכn bihayv; di spasm prɔblɛm bin sɔlv di de we mek 15; כnda di maykroskכp (we de stat frכm di 7 de), di vakuol dεm εn di aksכnal lכs na di wayt mat, εdima na di grey mat, εn di lכs fכ mכtal nyuron dεm na Bpc 157 rat dεm, εn bak di rεdukshכn pan di nכmba fכ big maylinated aksכn dεm na di rat kכdal nεv, dεn bin kכntrכl bכku bכku wan. ilektromayogram rεkכdin sho se di mכtalman yunit pכtεnshal dεm na di tel mכsul dεm dεn dכn sכmtεm. Apat frɔm dat, sɔm pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis bin du ɔda ɛkspiriɛns bak. Bpc 157 bin administret 4 de afta spɛshal kɔd injuri, ɛn Bpc 157 (10μg/kg, 0.16μg/mL, 12ml/rat/de) bin gi tru drinkin wata fɔ 4 wik, we di kɔntrol grup bin gɛt ɔl drink wata. di risal sho se di rat dεm we dεn trit wit Bpc 157 sho big improvεmεnt εn kכntinyu fכ rεkכv te dεn kכmplit rεkכvεshכn.
Kɔntrakt Spinal Instability: .
fכ indyuz spεnal instεbiliti insay rat, risechכr dεm fכkus pan baylatarכl fεsεktכmi εn εksplכr di posεbul tεrapi bεnεfit dεm fכ di stebul gastric pεntadekapεptida Bpc 157 insay wata we dεn de drink [9] .Insay stכdi dεm we dεn bin dכn du bifo dis tεm, dεn sho se Bpc 157 de impruv spεnal kכd injuri, pεrifεral nεv injuri, bren trauma, εn difrεn ɛnsɛfalopathi dɛn. Insay dis stכdi, rat dεm bin gεt komplit baylatarכl L3-L4 fεsεktכmi, εn afta di כpεreshכn, dεn gi dεm Bpc 157 (10ng/kg, 0.16ng/mL, 12ml/rat/de) כ כnli drink wata. Radiolojikal evalueshɔn dɛn bin du na wik 1 ɛn wik 8. Di rizɔlt sho se na wik 1, dɛn nɔ si ɛni klia difɔmiti na di rat dɛn na di kɔntrol grup ɛn di Bpc 157 grup na ɛni plen, i bin tan lɛk se di intavɛrbral disk spɛs nɔ afɛkt, di nyural fɔramen na di ɔspitul lɛvɛl bin wayd smɔl, ɛn di rat dɛn na di Bpc 157 drink grup bin gɛt wan hכy כvala bon dεnsiti. Na wik 8, dɛn nɔ bin si ɛni klia difɔmiti na di rat dɛn na di tu grup dɛn na ɛni plen, di intavɛrbral disk spɛs nɔ bin afɛkt, di nyural fɔramen na di ɔspitul lɛvɛl bin wayd smɔl, di rat dɛn na di Bpc 157 grup bin gɛt signifyant ay bon dɛnsiti, ɛn i nɔ bin gɛt bɔku bɔku kalɔs fɔmɛshɔn insay wan random patɛn we dɛn kin si na di kɔntrol grup. apat frכm dat, di rat dεm na di kכntrol grup sho klia mכtal impεryans jis afta injuri indukshכn, we di rat dεm na di Bpc 157 drinkin grup kכmplitli kכntrכl dis mכtal impεryans.
fכ kכnklud, di kכr valyu fכ Bpc 157 de insay in εndojεnik εn mכlti-sistεm rεgεdyushכn kכntribyushכn dεm, we de gi nyu sכlushכn fכ rεfraktכri inflameshn, tisu dεfεkt, εn nyurosaykayatrik sik dεm. Insay di fild fɔ spɔt trauma, i kin mek di tisu dɛm lɛk di mɔsul dɛm, di tɛndon dɛm, ɛn di ligamɛnt dɛn ripɛnt ɛn mek bak kwik kwik wan, i kin mek di tɛm fɔ wɛl shɔt, ɛn i kin gɛt gud tritmɛnt ifɛkt pan di akyu trauma. insay di tritmεnt fכ bכn, Bpc 157 kin bכku bכku wan εnhans di bayolojikal fכnshכn dεm fכ di εndoteyl sεl dεm lεk proliferashכn, maygrεshכn, εn tכbul fכmeshכn, so dat de aksεleret di ripa fכ bכn wund dεm. apat frכm dat, i gεt prכtektiv ifekt pan di gεstrointestinal trakt, i kin mek di gεstrointestinal כlsa dεm hεl, εn i kin mek di gεstכ intestinal sik dεm nכ de εn i kin mek i nɔr de. Bpc 157 de sho bak pכtεnshal insay nyuroprotεkshכn, we de protεkt di nεv sεstem tru mεkanism dεm lεk fכ ridyus di inflammatory rεspכns εn inhεbit apoptosis. i gεt protεktiv ifekt bak pan mכtalman כgan dεm lεk di pankrias, liva, εn at, we de sho in bכku bכku bayolojikal ifekt dεm as mכltifunshכnal pεptida.
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Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.
Sayɛns Jɔnal Author
Predrag Sikiricis na masta sabi bukman we gɛt fɔ du wit bɔku bɔku akademik institiushɔn dɛn, we inklud di Yunivasiti ɔf Zagreb, Yunivasiti ɔf Sarajevo, Sch Med, Yunivasiti ɔf J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, ɛn Rudjer Boskovic Instityut. In risach de span sɔm disiplin dɛm lɛk Famakɔlɔji & Famasi, Bayokɛmistri & Mɔlikul Bayoloji, Gastroɛntɛrɔlɔji & Ɛpatɔlɔji, Fisiɔlɔji, ɛn Sɛl Bayoloji.
Sikiric in tim dכn du bכku risεch pan di saytoprotektiv ifekt dεm we BPC157 gεt na difrεn כgan dεm εn tisu dεm, inklud in rol fכ nyural injuri εn gεstrointestinal כlsa. I gɛt patɛnt bak fɔ divɛlɔp BPC, we na wan famakɔlɔjik aktiv sɔbstans, inklud di we aw dɛn de pripia am ɛn di we aw dɛn de yuz am fɔ mɛn am.Sikiric Pis na pɔsin we dɛn rɛspɛkt na akademi, ɛn in risach dɔn rili advans di fil dɛm we i de involv insay.Sikiric Pis list in di rɛfrɛns fɔ saytayshɔn [1].
