Na Cocer Peptides 
1 mahina aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
Ua lilo ʻo Obesity i mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ke olakino lehulehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino kino o nā kānaka, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, diabetes, a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau GLP-1 ma ke ʻano he koho lapaʻau hoʻohiki i ke kahua o ka hoʻokele obesity.
Kiʻi 1 ʻO nā hana hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kaumaha ma muli o GLP-1. GI, ʻAi ʻai; GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-1R, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana a nā lāʻau lapaʻau GLP-1 i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona
ʻO GLP-1 kahi peptide endogenous i hūnā ʻia e nā pū L i loko o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine intestinal. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau GLP-1, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), e hoʻohālike i nā hopena physiological o GLP-1 ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea loaʻa GLP-1 a me kāna mau ala hōʻailona o lalo, a laila e hoʻohana ana i nā hopena physiological like ʻole e kōkua i ka mālama kaumaha.
Hoʻoikaika i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin: Hoʻoulu ka GLP-1 RA i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin mai nā pūnaewele β pancreatic ma ke ʻano pili i ka glucose. Ke piʻi aʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i ke koko, hoʻopaʻa nā GLP-1 RA i nā mea loaʻa GLP-1 ma ka ʻili o nā cell pancreatic β, e hoʻāla ana i nā ala hōʻailona intracellular e hoʻoikaika i ka synthesis a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulin, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae glucose koko. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pae glucose koko e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka synthesis a me ka mālama ʻana i ka momona, pale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha ma muli o ka loli ʻana o ka glucose koko.
Hoʻopau i ka ʻai: Hana nā GLP-1 RA i ka ʻōnaehana nūnū waena, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana lolo e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻai, e like me ka hypothalamus. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa GLP-1 ma ka ʻili o nā neurons hypothalamic, hoʻoponopono lākou i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neuropeptide, e like me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka huna ʻana o nā peptides e hoʻoulu ai i ka makemake a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā peptides e hoʻopau i ka makemake, a laila e hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo o ka piha, hoʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, a loaʻa i ka mana kaumaha.
Hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū: ʻO nā GLP-1 RA e hoʻolohi i ka wikiwiki o ke komo ʻana o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e waiho ai ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū a hoʻoulu i ka manaʻo o ka piha. ʻAʻole hoʻemi wale kēia hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ka nui o ka meaʻai akā hoʻopaʻa pū nō hoʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko, pale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka glucose koko postprandial a ma laila e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻiliʻili momona.
Scheme 1 He hiʻohiʻona schematic o GLP-1 receptor agonists: hoʻokaʻawale, palekana lāʻau, a me ka pono. GI, ʻAi ʻai; GLP-1R, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; PEG, Polyethylene glycol.
Hoʻohana i nā lāʻau GLP-1 i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka momona momona: I ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o nā pākeke, ua loaʻa i nā GLP-1 RA nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau Phase III o semaglutide, me nā hopena e hōʻike ana i nā hopena kaumaha nui. Ma ka papahana STEP 2.4 mg / wiki semaglutide, ua loaʻa i nā poʻe maʻi ka pohō kaumaha nui, e hōʻoia hou ana i ka pono o GLP-1 RA i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o nā pākeke. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he papahana hoʻemi paona piha, i hui pū ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻahaʻa, no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena pohō kaumaha.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o nā kamaliʻi: Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau GLP-1 e like me exenatide, semaglutide, a me liraglutide no ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana pili i ka momona o ke kamaliʻi, e like me ka momona nui, ka momona e pili ana me ka polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a me ka momona hypothalamic. No ka laʻana, ua ʻike nā haʻawina he hopena ko kēia mau lāʻau i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā keiki, kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana metabolic, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o nā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka momona no nā lāhui kūikawā - nā poʻe maʻi PCOS: ʻO ka maʻi o ka polycystic ovary (PCOS) kahi maʻi endocrine maʻamau i waena o nā wahine hānau hānau, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona ma waena o nā maʻi PCOS. Loaʻa i nā GLP-1 RA nā pono kūikawā i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona i nā maʻi PCOS. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻaʻole hoʻemi wale ka lāʻau GLP-1 i ke kaumaha o nā maʻi PCOS akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahi i ka pale ʻana i ka insulin, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hyperandrogenism, a hoʻonui i ka manawa o ka hoʻohua kūlohelohe a me ka in vitro fertilization. Hoʻolilo kēia i ka GLP-1 RA he koho lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no nā poʻe maʻi PCOS momona, e hāʻawi ana i nā ala hou no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ko lākou olakino a me ka momona.
Ka hopena
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau GLP-1, ma ke ʻano he ikaika e kū mai ana i ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka momona, e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo hoʻohiki no ka mālama ʻana i ka momona i nā pākeke, nā keiki, a me nā lehulehu kūikawā (e like me nā maʻi PCOS) ma muli o kā lākou hana kūʻokoʻa. Ma o nā ala he nui, me ka paipai ʻana i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻai, a me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka ʻōpū, kōkua maikaʻi ʻo GLP-1 RA i nā mea maʻi e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana metabolic.
I ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o nā pākeke, ua hōʻoia ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka liraglutide a me ka semaglutide ma o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, e hāʻawi ana i nā koho lapaʻau kūpono no nā maʻi obese. I ka mālama ʻana i ka momona i nā poʻe maʻi PCOS, ʻaʻole kōkua wale ʻo GLP-1 RA i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha akā hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi hoʻi i nā maʻi endocrine e pili ana i ke ʻano, e hāʻawi ana i nā pono he nui no nā maʻi PCOS.
Nā kumu
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