1 pahu (10 Vials)
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▎ He aha ka Motc?
ʻO Motc kahi peptide i loaʻa mai i ka mitochondrial. Ua unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻāpana C-terminal o mitochondrial 12S rRNA a loaʻa iā 11-16 amino acids. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona mitochondrial retrograde, komo ʻo Motc i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka dynamics mitochondrial a hōʻike i nā hana biological he nui, me ka modulation o ka insulin sensitivity, metabolic homeostasis, a me ka palekana.
▎ Hoʻolālā Motc
Puna: PubChem |
Kaʻina: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR Ke Kumu Molekala: C101H152N28O22S2 Kaumaha Molekala: 2174.6g/mol Helu CAS: 1627580-64-6 PubChem CID: 146675088 Nā huaʻōlelo like: UNII-A5CV6JFB78 |
▎ Motc ʻImi
He aha ke kumu noiʻi o Motc?
ʻO Mitochondria, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he 'powerhouse' o nā cell, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis cellular. ʻO nā hana kamaʻilio ma waena o ka mitochondria a me ka nucleus ua lōʻihi ka manaʻo o ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Loaʻa i ka mitochondria kahi genome kūʻokoʻa. Ma waho aʻe o nā genes 37 maʻamau, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hou e hoʻopili pū ana ka DNA mitochondrial i nā peptides pōkole biologically active, ʻo kekahi o ia ka mitochondrial-derived peptide Motc, i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mitochondrial 12S rRNA māhele. Hoʻonui nui kēia ʻike i ke ʻano o nā genetics mitochondrial, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona hou no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kaʻina koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ke kamaʻilio mitochondrial-nuclear a me ka hoʻoponopono metabolic.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi paʻakikī he nui e like me ka metabolism a me ka maʻi hepatitis B maʻi e kū nei i nā bottlenecks nui. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi o Motc i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo ʻiʻo, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka metabolism glucose, hōʻike i kona hiki ke mālama i nā maʻi metabolic. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā pae Motc maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i nā kaʻina maʻi like ʻole ua koi i nā mea noiʻi e noiʻi i kāna kuleana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ka holomua, a me ka mālama ʻana, e ʻimi ana i nā ala hou e lanakila ai i kēia mau kūlana intractable.
He aha ke ʻano o ka hana no Motc?
Hoʻoponopono i nā ala hōʻailona e pili ana i ka Metabolism
E ho'ā ana i ke ala hōʻailona AICAR-AMPK: Hoʻōla ʻo Motc i ke ala hōʻailona AICAR-AMPK ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻai intracellular folate-methionine. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka AMPK i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ikehu cellular metabolism, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka glucose uptake a me ka fatty acid oxidation. I ka glucose metabolism, hoʻonui ia i ka translocation o ka glucose transporter GLUT4 i ka membrane cell, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o ka glucose uptake cellular, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka insulin resistance, a kōkua i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi metabolic e like me ke ʻano 2 metabolism [1].
Nā hopena ma nā ala ʻē aʻe: Ma waho aʻe o ke ala AMPK, hana pū ʻo Motc ma ke ala AKT, ke ala hoʻoluhi oxidative, a me nā ala pili i ka mumū. E pili ana i ke ala AKT, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaʻina kelepona e like me ka ulu ʻana, hoʻonui, a me ke ola ʻana ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o ke ala. Ma ke ala koʻikoʻi oxidative, hoʻemi ʻo Motc i nā pae koʻikoʻi oxidative intracellular, hoʻemi i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive (ROS), a pale i nā cell mai ka pōʻino oxidative. Ma nā ala e pili ana i ka mumū, hoʻopaʻa ia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory a hoʻēmi i nā pane inflammatory. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeha ʻeha, hoʻemi ʻo Motc i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mea hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka pepeiaohao hope o ke kuamoʻo, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā hōʻailona ʻeha [2].

Kiʻi 1 ʻO nā hana physiological mua o Motc ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pale ʻana o ka insulin, ka pale ʻana i ka momona, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana muscle, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka metabolism iwi, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono immune, a me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻelemakule [1].
Hooponopono o Gene Expression
Nuclear Gene Expression Regulation: I ka wā e hālāwai ai nā cell i ke koʻikoʻi metabolic, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka glucose a me ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, unuhi ʻo Motc i ka nucleus e hoʻoponopono pololei i ka hōʻike ʻano nuklea adaptive, a laila e hoʻolaha ana i ka homeostasis intracellular. No ka laʻana, hoʻololi ʻo Motc i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes pili i ka metabolism e like me GLUT4, STAT3, a me IL-10, e hoʻohuli ana i nā kaʻina physiological me ka glucose metabolism a me ka hoʻoponopono immune. Hoʻonui ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka GLUT4 i ka lawe ʻana i ka glucose cellular; Hoʻokomo ʻo STAT3 i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka cell, ka ʻokoʻa, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka immune; ʻO IL-10, kahi cytokine anti-inflammatory, hoʻemi i nā pane inflammatory ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia kona ʻōlelo [1,3].
Hoʻonui i ka Metabolism Energy
Hoʻonui ʻia ka Glycolysis: Ma nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, e like me ke ʻano o ka maʻi ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hoʻonui ka Motc pretreatment i ka glycolytic flux i loko o nā pūpū endothelial microvascular (PMVECs). Hoʻemi ia i ka hōʻeha LIRI ma o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka homeostasis ikehu cellular a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lipid peroxidation ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kī nui glycolytic PFKFB3. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Motc i ke ala glycolytic e hāʻawi i ka ikehu kūpono no nā cell ma lalo o ke kaumaha, a laila mālama i ka hana cellular maʻamau [4].
Nā hopena pale kelepona
Hoʻemi i ka pōʻino o ka Mitochondrial: Ma kahi hoʻohālike pneumonitis radiation (RP), ua hoʻemi nui ʻo Motc i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka māmā, ʻā, a me ke koʻikoʻi oxidative i ka wā e hoʻohuli ana i ka alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis a me ka pōʻino mitochondrial. Hoʻopili kēia hana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu nuklea E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pae a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kāna unuhi nuklea. Hoʻoulu ʻo Nrf2 i kahi ʻano o nā ʻano antioxidant a me nā cell-protection genes, e mālama ana i ka hana mitochondrial. Hōʻike kēia i ka mālama ʻana o Motc i nā ʻiʻo i hōʻino ʻia ma ka mālama ʻana i ka mitochondria a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka apoptosis [5].
Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe: Ma nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Motc e loaʻa i nā waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻonui ia i ka flux glycolytic a me ka hiki ke hana i ka ikehu i nā ʻiʻo dystrophic, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana muscle. Eia kekahi, i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻehaʻeha, Motc i lawelawe ʻia ma waena a i ʻole peripherally e hoʻēmi i ka hypersensitivity ʻeha ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā pane inflammatory a me ka hyperexcitability neuronal, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena neuroprotective [2,6].
He aha nā noi o Motc?
Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi metabolic:
Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka insulin a me ka pale ʻana i ka metabolism: Hoʻonui ʻo Motc i ka pale ʻana i ka insulin, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano 2 metabolism. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka insulin kahi mea nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ʻano 2 metabolism. Hiki i ka Motc ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike insulin ma o ka hoʻāla ʻana i ke ala hōʻailona AICAR-AMPK a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pōʻai intracellular folate-methionine. ʻO ka noiʻi a Gao Y e hōʻike ana he mea ia e hoʻoikaika i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glucose i ka ʻiʻo iwi, e like me ka wehe ʻana i nā ala komo glucose hou i loko o nā cell, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae glucose koko [1].
Hoʻoponopono i ka lipid metabolism a me ka hakakā ʻana i ka momona: E pili ana i ka lipid metabolism, hoʻonui ʻo Motc i ka thermogenesis momona ʻeleʻele a hoʻoikaika i ka momona momona keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopau ka momona Brown i ka ikehu ma o ka thermogenesis, ʻoiai ʻo ka momona keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka momona keʻokeʻo e mālama i ka ikehu i ka momona ʻeleʻele. Kōkua kēia kaʻina hana i ke kino i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke anu a, ʻoi aku ka mea nui, pale i ka momona a me nā maʻi lipid metabolism, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike hou no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka momona [1].
Kāohi a mālama ʻana i nā maʻi pili i ka ʻiʻo:
Hoʻoikaika i ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻiʻo: hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina in vitro e hoʻonui ka peptide Motc ʻano hihiu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka myotubular i loko o ke kanaka (LHCN-M2) a me ka ʻiole (C2C12) mau puʻupuʻu progenitor muscle, ʻoiai ʻo ka Y8F mutant peptide nele i kēia hopena. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Motc i ka myotubulogenesis ma o ka launa pū ʻana me ka IL-6 / Janus kinase / transducer hōʻailona a me ka mea hana o ke ala transcription 3 (STAT3), a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hana transcriptional STAT3 [7].
Kāohi ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻiʻo: Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā pae Motc Plasma me nā pae myostatin. Kāohi ʻo Motc i ka palmitate-induced myotube atrophy i nā ʻāpana C2C12 ʻokoʻa a hoʻemi i nā pae myostatin plasma i nā ʻiole momona i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka meaʻai. Kāohi ia i ka atrophy muscle ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka phosphorylation AKT, kaohi ʻana i ka hana o FOXO1-he kumu transcription upstream o myostatin a me nā ʻano ʻano muscle-atrophy ʻē aʻe-ʻoiai e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hana mTORC2 a me ka PTEN a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana CK2 e kāohi i ka PTEN [8].
Nā hopena anti-kahiko: pili pili nā hoʻololi ʻana o ka motc i ka ʻelemakule, a hōʻike ia i nā waiwai anti-kahiko. Loaʻa kēia ma o nā mīkini he nui, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka glucose a me ka metabolism lipid, hoʻonui i ka hana mitochondrial cellular, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana maʻi maʻi. Ka noiʻi na Gao Y et al. e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka metabolism e hāʻawi i nā cell me ka lako ikaika a paʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana mitochondrial e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka 'factory ikehu', ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i nā pane inflammatory e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino ʻeha i nā cell [1].
Ka hopena
Ma ke ʻano he peptide i loaʻa mai i ka mitochondrial, hoʻolaʻa ʻo Motc i nā ala hōʻailona e like me AMPK e hoʻoponopono i ka glucose a me ka metabolism lipid, e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka momona keʻokeʻo-a-ʻeleʻele, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa insulin a me ka momona, e hāʻawi ana i nā kuhikuhi therapeutic no nā maʻi metabolic. Hoʻonui ia i ka ʻokoʻa o ka osteoblast, hoʻopau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka osteoclast, kaulike i ka metabolism iwi, a kākoʻo i ka mālama ola kino. Hoʻoponopono ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻiʻo a pale i ka atrophy, e paʻa ana i ka hiki ke komo i nā maʻi pili i ka ʻiʻo. Hōʻike ʻo Motc i nā hui e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika kino: hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻoikaika kino i kona hōʻike ʻana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā pono olakino i hoʻoikaika ʻia. He kuleana hoʻi ʻo Motc i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻelemakule a me nā kaʻina hana pili.
No ka mea kakau
ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.
Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema
He kanaka noiʻi ʻo Ning Ran i pili i ke kula ʻo Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine ma ke Kulanui o Oregon State. ʻO kāna hana hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i ka biology molecular a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau unuhi, me ka nānā ʻana i nā hoʻolālā therapeutic no nā maʻi neuromuscular. Ua kākau pū ʻo Ran i nā puke he nui i loko o nā puke moʻolelo i nānā ʻia e nā hoa, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana molecular i nā ʻano maʻi. ʻO kāna mau noiʻi noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā oligonucleotides conjugated peptide, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hiki therapeutic o nā peptides i loaʻa i ka mitochondrial. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Ning Ran ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi [6].
▎ Nā ʻōlelo pili
[1] Gao Y, Wei X, Wei P, et al. Kāohi ʻo Motc i nā maʻi Metabolic. Metabolites 2023; 13(1).DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010125.
[2] ʻO Wang Z, Yang L, Xu L, Liao J, Lu P, Jiang J. ʻO ka Central and peripheral mechanism of Motc attenuates eha hypersensitivity i loko o ka mice kükohu o ka eha inflammatory. ʻImi Neurological 2024; 46(2): 165-177.DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2258584.
[3] Benayoun BA, Lee C. Motc: He Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator o ka Nucleus. Bioessays 2019; 41(9): e1900046.DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900046.
[4] Shen Z, Lu P, Jin W, et al. Hoʻolaha ʻo Motc i ka Glycolysis ma o ke ala AMPK-HIF-1α-PFKFB3 e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻeha ʻeha i hoʻoiho ʻia e CPB. ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Respiratory Cell a me Molecular Biology 2025. 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0533OC.
[5] Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, et al. ʻO ka Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Motc e hoʻopau i ka Radiation Pneumonitis ma o ka Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Nā Antioxidants 2024; 13. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:269876125.
[6] ʻO Ran N, Lin C, Leng L, a me al. Hoʻolaha ʻo Motc i ka phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer uptake a me ka pono i nā ʻiole dystrophic. Embo Molecular Medicine 2021; 13(2): e12993.DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012993.
[7] García-Benlloch S, Revert-Ros F, Blesa JR, Alis R. Hoʻoikaika ʻo Motc i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka vitro. Peptides 2022; 155: 170840.DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170840.
[8] Kumagai H, Coelho AR, Wan J, et al. Hoʻemi ʻo Motc i ka myostatin a me ka hōʻailona atrophy muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 2021; 320(4): E680-E690.DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2020.
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.