Mgbochi 40mg

▎ Ọdịdị Motc

▎ Motc Nchọpụta

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Motc?

Mitochondria, na-eje ozi dị ka 'ụlọ ike' nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado homeostasis cellular. Usoro nzikọrịta ozi n'etiti mitochondria na nucleus bụ ogologo oge nyocha nke sayensị. Mitochondria nwere genome nọọrọ onwe ya. Na agbanyeghị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 37, nchọpụta ndị na-adịbeghị anya ekpughere na mitochondrial DNA na-etinyekwa peptides dị mkpụmkpụ na-arụ ọrụ ndụ, otu n'ime ha bụ peptide Motc sitere na mitochondrial, nke mpaghara mitochondrial 12S rRNA debere ya. Nchọpụta a na-agbasawanye ohere nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mitochondrial nke ukwuu, na-enye echiche ọhụụ maka ịkọwapụta usoro ndu dị oke mkpa dị ka nkwurịta okwu mitochondrial-nuklear na usoro metabolic.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọgwụgwọ maka ọtụtụ ọrịa na-ama aka dị ka metabolism na ịba ọcha n'anya B na-eche nnukwu nsogbu ihu. Ọrụ Motc pụtara ìhè na nhazi usoro metabolic nke anụ ahụ, dị ka ịkwalite glucose metabolism, na-egosi ike ya n'ịgwọ ọrịa metabolic. Ọzọkwa, ọkwa Motc na-adịghị mma a na-ahụ na usoro ọrịa dị iche iche emeela ka ndị nchọpụta nyochaa ọrụ ya na mmalite ọrịa, ọganihu, na ọgwụgwọ, na-achọ ụzọ ọhụrụ iji merie ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị agwụ agwụ.

Gịnị bụ usoro omume maka Motc?

Ụzọ nrịbama metụtara Metabolism na-achịkwa

Na-eme ka ụzọ mgbaama AICAR-AMPK rụọ ọrụ: Motc na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ akara AICAR-AMPK site na imebi okirikiri folate-methionine intracellular. AMPK arụ ọrụ na-achịkwa metabolism ike cell, dị ka ịkwalite nnabata glucose na oxidation fatty acid. N'ime glucose metabolism, ọ na-abawanye ntụgharị nke GLUT4 na-ebu glucose na akpụkpọ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ikike nnabata glucose dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka nguzogide insulin dịkwuo elu, na inye aka na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa metabolic dị ka ụdị 2 metabolism ^[1]..

Mmetụta na ụzọ ndị ọzọ: E wezụga ụzọ AMPK, Motc na-emekwa ihe n'ụzọ AKT, ụzọ nrụgide oxidative, na ụzọ metụtara mbufụt. Banyere ụzọ AKT, ọ nwere ike imetụta usoro cellular dị ka uto, mmụba, na nlanarị site na ịhazi ọrụ nke ụzọ ahụ. N'okporo ụzọ nrụgide oxidative, Motc na-ebelata ọkwa nrụgide oxidative intracellular, na-ebelata mmepụta ụdị oxygen (ROS), ma na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi oxidative. N'ụzọ ndị metụtara mbufụt, ọ na-ebelata ntọhapụ nke ndị mgbasa ozi na-egbuke egbuke ma na-ebelata nzaghachi mkpali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụdị mgbu mgbu, Motc na-ebelata mwepụta onye mgbasa ozi mkpali na mpi azụ nke azụ azụ, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye mgbaàmà mgbu ^[2]..

Ọgụgụ 1 Ọrụ izizi nke Motc gụnyere ibelata nguzogide insulin, igbochi oke ibu, melite ọrụ akwara, ịkwalite metabolism nke ọkpụkpụ, ịkwalite usoro mgbochi ọrịa, na igbu oge ịka nká ^[1].

Iwu nke okwu Gene

Usoro nkwuputa okwu Gene Nuklia: Mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ na-ezute nrụgide metabolic, dị ka mgbochi glucose na nrụgide oxidative, Motc na-atụgharị na nucleus ka ọ na-ahazi okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nuklia ozugbo, si otú ahụ na-akwalite homeostasis intracellular. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Motc na-agbanwe okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa metụtara metabolism dị ka GLUT4, STAT3, na IL-10, na-emetụta usoro ọmụmụ physiological gụnyere glucose metabolism na usoro mgbochi. Mmụba okwu GLUT4 na-eme ka nnabata glucose dị n'ọbara; STAT3 na-ekere òkè n'ịba ụba nke cell, dị iche iche, na usoro nchịkwa; IL-10, cytokine na-egbochi mkpali, na-ebelata nzaghachi mkpali mgbe a na-ebuli okwu ya elu ^[1,3].

Ịkwalite Metabolism Energy

Glycolysis kwalitere: N'ụdị ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka ngụgụ ischemia-reperfusion mmerụ (LIRI) ụdị nke na-akpata site na cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Motc pretreatment na-eme ka glycolytic flux na pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVECs). Ọ na-ebelata mmerụ ahụ LIRI site na iweghachi homeostasis ume cell yana ibelata peroxidation lipid site na ịkwalite isi glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3. Nke a na-egosi na Motc na-agbanwe ụzọ glycolytic iji nye ike zuru oke maka mkpụrụ ndụ nọ n'okpuru nrụgide, si otú a na-ejigide ọrụ cellular nkịtị ^[4]..

Mmetụta Nchekwa Cellular

Mbelata nke mmebi Mitochondrial: N'ụdị pneumonitis radieshon (RP), Motc belatara mmerụ ahụ anụ ahụ nku ume, mbufụt, na nrụgide oxidative mgbe ọ na-atụgharị apoptosis cell epithelial alveolar na mmebi mitochondrial. Usoro a na-agụnye ịbawanye ọkwa 2 (Nrf2) metụtara ihe nuklia E2 na ịkwalite ntụgharị nuklia ya. Nrf2 na-arụ ọrụ usoro antioxidant na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nchebe cell, na-echekwa ọrụ mitochondrial. Nke a na-egosi na Motc na-echebe anụ ahụ mebiri emebi site na ichekwa mitochondria na ibelata apoptosis ^[5].

Nchedo nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ: N'ime ọmụmụ ihe na Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), ahụrụ Motc nwere ihe na-eme ka ahụ ike dị n'ime. Ọ na-eme ka glycolytic flux na ike mmepụta ike na akwara dystrophic, na-enye aka na-arụ ọrụ muscle ka mma. Ọzọkwa, na ụdị mgbu na-egbu mgbu, Motc nke a na-elekọta ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ya na-ebelata hypersensitivity mgbu site na igbochi nzaghachi mkpali na neuronal hyperexcitability, na-enye mmetụta neuroprotective ^[2,6]..

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa nke Motc?

Ọgwụgwọ Ọrịa Metabolic:

Imelite nguzogide insulin na igbochi metabolism: Motc na-akwalite nguzogide insulin, nke dị mkpa maka igbochi ụdị 2 metabolism. Nguzogide insulin bụ isi ihe na-ebute mmalite nke ụdị 2 metabolism. Motc nwere ike imeziwanye mmetụta insulin site na ịgbalite ụzọ akara AICAR-AMPK na ịhazi okirikiri folate-methionine intracellular. Nnyocha nke Gao Y na-egosi na ọ na-akwalite nnabata glucose n'ime akwara skeletal, dị ka imepe ụzọ nnabata glucose ọzọ na sel, si otú a na-ebelata ọkwa glucose ọbara ^[1]..

Na-achịkwa metabolism lipid na ịlụso oke ibu ọgụ: Banyere metabolism lipid, Motc na-abawanye thermogenesis abụba agba aja aja ma na-akwalite agba aja aja na-acha ọcha. Abụba aja aja na-eri ike site na thermogenesis, ebe abụba na-acha ọcha na-egosi mgbanwe ike na-echekwa abụba ọcha ka ọ bụrụ abụba aja aja na-eri ike. Usoro a na-enyere ahụ aka ime mgbanwe na oyi na, nke ka mkpa, na-egbochi oke ibu na nsogbu metabolism lipid, na-enye nghọta ọhụrụ maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ oke ibu ^[1].

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa metụtara akwara:

Na-akwalite Ịdịiche Muscle: Nnyocha ọmụmụ vitro na-egosi na ụdị anụ ọhịa Motc peptide na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ myotubular dị na mmadụ (LHCN-M2) na mouse (C2C12) sel progenitor muscle, ebe Y8F mutant peptide enweghị mmetụta a. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ kpughere na Motc na-eme ka myotubulogenesis dịkwuo mma site na iso ndị IL-6 / Janus kinase / transducer signal na activator nke transcript 3 (STAT3), si otú ahụ belata ọrụ STAT3 transcriptional ^[7].

Mgbochi nke Atrophy Muscle: Ọkwa Plasma Motc na-emekọrịta nke ọma na ọkwa myostatin. Motc na-egbochi palmitate-induced myotube atrophy na sel C2C12 dị iche iche ma na-ebelata ọkwa myostatin plasma na oke oke ibu na-ebute nri. Ọ na-egbochi atrophy anụ ahụ site na ịkwalite AKT phosphorylation, na-egbochi ọrụ FOXO1-ihe ntinye ederede nke myostatin na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara-atrophy ndị ọzọ-mgbe na-achịkwa mTORC2 na ọrụ PTEN na ịba ụba ọrụ CK2 iji kwụsị PTEN ^[8].

Mmetụta mgbochi ịka nká: Mgbanwe okwu Motc nwere njikọ chiri anya na ịka nká, ọ na-egosipụtakwa ihe mgbochi ịka nká. A na-enweta nke a site n'ọtụtụ usoro, gụnyere imeziwanye glucose na metabolism lipid, na-eme ka ọrụ mitochondrial cellular dịkwuo elu, na ibelata mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala. Nnyocha nke Gao Y et al. na-egosi na metabolism ka mma na-enye mkpụrụ ndụ n'ụba ma kwụsie ike. Ịkwalite ọrụ mitochondrial yiri ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ume, ebe mbelata nzaghachi mkpali na-ebelata mmebi mkpali nke mkpụrụ ndụ ^[1].

Mmechi

Dị ka peptide sitere na mitochondrial, Motc na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ mgbaàmà dị ka AMPK iji mezie glucose na lipid metabolism, na-akwalite mgbanwe abụba na-acha ọcha na agba aja aja, ma melite nguzogide insulin na oke ibu, na-enye ntụziaka ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ maka nsogbu metabolic. Ọ na-eme ka ọdịiche osteoblast dịkwuo mma, na-egbochi nhazi osteoclast, na-edozi metabolism ọkpụkpụ, ma na-akwado nlekọta ahụike skeletal. Ọ na-achịkwa ọdịiche dị n'ahụ ahụ ma na-egbochi atrophy, na-ejide ikike itinye aka na nsogbu ndị metụtara akwara. Motc na-egosiputa mkpakọrịta siri ike metụtara mmega ahụ: mmega ahụ na-emezi nkwupụta ya, ọ na-emezikwa uru ahụike na-emega ahụ. Motc na-ekerekwa òkè na igbu oge ịka nká na usoro ndị metụtara ya.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Ning Ran bụ onye nyocha jikọtara ya na Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine na Mahadum Oregon State. Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya gbasara usoro ihe ọmụmụ ihe omimi na ọgwụ ntụgharị, na-elekwasị anya na usoro ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa neuromuscular. Ran ejikọtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara, na-enye aka na nghọta nke ntinye aka nke mkpụrụ ndụ na ụdị ọrịa. Mmasị nyocha ya gụnyere mmepe na itinye peptide-conjugated oligonucleotides, yana ịchọpụta ikike ọgwụgwọ nke peptides sitere na mitochondrial. Edepụtara Ning Ran na ntụnye aka nke ntụaka [6].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Gao Y, Wei X, Wei P, et al. Motc na-egbochi arụrụ arụ nke metabolic. Metabolites 2023; 13(1).DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010125.

[2] Wang Z, Yang L, Xu L, Liao J, Lu P, Jiang J. Central na mpụta usoro nke Motc attenuates mgbu hypersensitivity na a oke ụdị nke mkpali mgbu. Nnyocha Neurological 2024; 46 (2): 165-177.DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2258584.

[3] Benayoun BA, Lee C. Motc: Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator nke Nucleus. Bioessays 2019; 41 (9): e1900046.DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900046.

[4] Shen Z, Lu P, Jin W, et al. Motc na-akwalite Glycolysis site na ụzọ AMPK-HIF-1α-PFKFB3 na-eme ka mmerụ ahụ ngụgụ na-ebute CPB. Akwụkwọ akụkọ American of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 2025. 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0533OC.

[5] Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, et al. Peptide Motc nke Mitochondrial na-enweta na-ebelata Pneumonitis Radiation site na Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Antioxidants 2024; 13. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:269876125.

[6] Ran N, Lin C, Leng L, et al. Motc na-akwalite nnabata phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer na nrụpụta ọrụ na ụmụ oke dystrophic. Embo Molecular Medicine 2021; 13(2): e12993.DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012993.

[7] García-Benlloch S, Revert-Ros F, Blesa JR, Alis R. Motc na-akwalite ọdịiche anụ ahụ na vitro. Peptides 2022; 155: 170840.DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170840.

[8] Kumagai H, Coelho AR, Wan J, et al. Motc na-ebelata myostatin na atrophy muscle. Akwụkwọ akụkọ American nke Physiology-Endocrinology na Metabolism 2021; 320(4): E680-E690.DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2020.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.