SS31 10 mg

▎ SS-31 Qauv

Source: PubChem

Sequence: RXKF Molecular Formula: C 32H 49N 9O5 Molecular Luj: 639.8g/mol CAS Nr .: 736992-21-5 PubChem CID: 11764719 Synonyms: Elamipretide

▎ SS-31 Kev Tshawb Fawb

Dab tsi yog qhov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm SS-31?

SS-31 yog dej-soluble, aromatic cationic, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (Sabbah HN, 2022). Nws cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb ua rau nws yooj yim nkag mus thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub mitochondrial membrane sab hauv. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem khi rau cardiolipin, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov mitochondrial daim nyias nyias, uas ua rau nws cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi.

Cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb no muab lub hauv paus rau nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Ntau yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog mitochondrial dysfunction, xws li Barth syndrome, plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, cov kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab lwm yam. Mitochondria ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cellular zog, kev tswj ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab lwm yam. Thaum mitochondrial kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li lub zog ntawm tes tsis txaus, nce oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab neuroinflamation, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm SS-31 lub hom phiaj yog tsom rau cov kab mob ntsig txog mitochondrial, txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm kev txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi thiab txhim kho cov neeg mob lub neej zoo thiab kev ciaj sia. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob tob ntawm mitochondrial biology, tib neeg tau maj mam lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm mitochondria hauv qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias mitochondrial dysfunction yog ze ze rau cov txheej txheem pathophysiological ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative, muaj teeb meem xws li neuronal mitochondrial tsis ua hauj lwm, mob neuroinflammation, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov proteins lom, thiab neuronal apoptosis ^[1] . Ua ntej nkag mus rau kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, SS-31 tau ua tiav kev tshawb fawb ua ntej. Cov kev tshawb fawb no suav nrog kev sim ua ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes thiab cov qauv tsiaj los ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov tshuaj pharmacokinetic ntawm cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Barth syndrome, SS-31 qhia tau hais tias lub peev xwm los sai sai txhim kho mitochondrial bioenergetics thiab morphology nyob rau hauv induced pluripotent qia cell qauv ^[2].

Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov kab mob neurodegenerative, SS-31 tau qhia txog cov teebmeem neuroprotective hauv ntau hom tsiaj, nrog rau kev txhim kho mitochondrial respiration, inhibiting neuroinflammation, thiab tiv thaiv cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov proteins lom ^[1] . SS-31 twb tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam uas suav nrog cov kab mob sib txawv.

Hauv kev kho mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov placebo tau pom tias ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm SS-31 muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo, thiab cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho sab laug ventricular ntim, txhawb nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm ^[3].

Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua ntawm SS-31 hauv cov qauv sib txawv?

1. Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm hemorrhagic shock thiab aortic balloon occlusion

Hauv cov qauv ntawm ischemia-reperfusion raug mob (IRI) tshwm sim los ntawm hemorrhagic shock thiab aortic balloon occlusion (REBOA), mitochondrial kev puas tsuaj plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. SS-31 tuaj yeem txo qhov kev thov rau cov kua dej crystalloid thiab tiv thaiv lub raum thiab lub plawv. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem txo cov concentration ntawm cov ntshav creatinine, troponin, thiab interleukin-6, tab sis nws tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg ntawm plasma lactate concentration. SS-31 tuaj yeem txo IRI los ntawm kev tiv thaiv mitochondria, qhib txoj hauv kev kho tshiab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj IRI tom qab los ntshav ^[4].

2. Mechanism ntawm kev ua nyob rau hauv Barth syndrome

Barth Syndrome yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam X-txuas uas tshwm sim los ntawm cardiomyopathy, skeletal leeg tsis muaj zog, kev loj hlob qeeb, thiab cyclic neutropenia. SS-31 yog dej-soluble, aromatic cationic, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab nrauv mitochondrial membrane thiab khi rau cardiolipin. Nws txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tes los ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog tsim khoom thiab inhibiting kev tsim ntau dhau ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive, yog li txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Hauv induced pluripotent qia hlwb ntawm Barth Syndrome thiab lwm yam kab mob ntsig txog caj ces tshwm sim los ntawm cov menyuam yaus cardiomyopathy, SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho mitochondrial bioenergetics thiab morphology sai sai. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txhawb nqa kev siv SS-31 raws li kev kho mob muaj peev xwm rau cov neeg mob Barth syndrome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov mob uas tau kuaj mob cardiomyopathy ^[2].

3. Mechanism ntawm kev ua nyob rau hauv autosomal dominant polycystic raum kab mob (ADPKD)

Kev xeeb tub yog suav tias yog ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwv hauv autosomal dominant polycystic raum kab mob (ADPKD). Txawm li cas los xij, tolvaptan, tsuas yog cov tshuaj pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau cov neeg laus ADPKD, tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg mob ADPKD cev xeeb tub vim muaj peev xwm ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab. SS-31 yog ib qho mitochondria-tiv thaiv tetrapeptide uas tau pom los txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob raum hauv cev xeeb tub Pkd1RC/RC nas, thaum txo ERK1/2 phosphorylation thiab txhim kho kev tsim ntawm mitochondrial supercomplexes. Tsis tas li ntawd, SS-31 tuaj yeem hla cov placenta thiab cov mis nyuj, txhim kho cov mob hnyav rau menyuam mos polycystic raum yam tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam teratogenic lossis teeb meem. Cov kev tshawb fawb preclinical no txhawb nqa qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm SS-31 ^[5].

4. Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm

Hauv plawv tsis ua hauj lwm (HF), kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv mitochondria tau paub tias tshwm sim. SS-31 muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau lub mitochondrial thiab supercomplex ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj I thiab complex IV kev ua ub no, thiab kev ua haujlwm IV nyuaj cuam tshuam nrog supercomplexes hauv tib neeg lub plawv tsis muaj zog mitochondria, txhim kho tib neeg mitochondrial tsis ua haujlwm ^[6].

Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob hauv lub plawv ib leeg (SV CHD), cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau kev hloov lub plawv qhia tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm mitochondrial. SS-31 yog pentapeptide tsom rau cardiolipin uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm mitochondrial supercomplexes ( complex I, III, IV). Hauv lub siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog SV CHD, SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm I thiab ua pa siab tshaj plaws (MR), qhia tias nws tsuas yog siv nws cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhim kho mitochondrial supercomplexes ^[7].

5. Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim hauv ntshav qab zib nephropathy

Hauv db / db nas qauv ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, ntshav qab zib nephropathy (DKD) cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv lub raum thiab lub plawv superoxide. mitochondria-tiv thaiv tus neeg sawv cev SS-31 (tseem hu ua MTP-131, SS-31, lossis Bendavia) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov nce hauv proteinuria, urinary H₂O₂, thiab glomerular mesangial matrix tsub zuj zuj hauv cov db / db nas, thiab ua tiav cov khoom tsim tawm hauv lub raum. SS-31 tseem tuaj yeem txo tag nrho lub raum lysocardiolipin thiab lub ntsiab lysocardiolipin subclasses hauv db/db nas, thiab khaws cov lus qhia ntawm lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias hauv hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, DKD cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv lub raum thiab cov hlab plawv superoxide, thiab tiv thaiv cov qib SS-3 regulating superoxide. Kev kho mob ntawm cardiolipin ^[8].

Daim duab hypothesized qhia txog cov teebmeem neuroprotective ntawm elamipretide ntawm neural mitochondria zoo-tswj.

Source: PubMed ^[1]

Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam ntawm SS-31?

Cardiomyopathy hauv Barth Syndrome: Barth Syndrome yog qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev ua neej nyob rau X-txuas kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cardiomyopathy, cov leeg pob txha tsis muaj zog, kev loj hlob qeeb, thiab cyclic neutropenia. Cov neeg mob muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tuag nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsim cardiomyopathy nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. SS-31 nthuav tawm ob qho kev sib tw thiab cov hauv kev rau kev kho mob cardiomyopathy hauv cov neeg mob Barth syndrome. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txhawb nqa nws txoj kev siv los ua kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob Barth syndrome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kuaj mob cardiomyopathy. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau kev loj hlob ntawm cardiomyopathy thiab maj mam thiab cov txheej txheem thim rov qab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm sab laug ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cellular, thiab qib molecular ^[2].

Ib leeg ventricle congenital mob plawv: 

Congenital heart disease yog qhov kev yug me nyuam ntau tshaj plaws, thiab mob hnyav ib leeg ventricle congenital heart disease yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb rau kev hloov lub plawv tus me nyuam, nrog rau kev kho mob tsawg heev tam sim no muaj. Nws tau pom tias muaj mitochondrial dysfunction nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm cov me nyuam uas muaj ib tug ventricle congenital lub plawv mob, thiab cov mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho mitochondrial kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj no los txhim kho myocardial kev ua haujlwm thiab ncua kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv yog tsim nyog ^[7].

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: 

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb, kev zam, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm SS-31 hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias SS-31 tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis tsis tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm qhov pom kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov pom kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm qhib-daim ntawv txuas ntxiv thiab kev soj ntsuam tom qab tau pom tias muaj kev txhawb nqa kev txhim kho hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov pom, uas yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv ^[9].

Kev puas tsuaj rau optic neuropathy: 

Nws tau pom tias SS-31 (MTP-131), mitochondria-targeted me me molecule tetrapeptide, thaum siv ua ke nrog cov qog necrosis factor inhibitor etanercept, tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotectant rau retinal ganglion hlwb tom qab optic paj hlwb raug mob hauv nas. Subcutaneous etanercept los yog MTP-131 ib leeg thiab lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau muaj sia nyob ntawm cov hlwb pob txha, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke tau pom thaum lawv tau siv ua ke ^[10].

Spinal cord raug mob: SS-31 (SS-31) yog ib qho tshiab aromatic cationic peptide uas tuaj yeem hla cov hlab ntsha-hlwb barrier. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias SS-31 txhawb kev ua haujlwm rov qab los ntawm kev raug mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum los ntawm inhibiting cPLA2-mediated autophagic kev puas tsuaj, tiv thaiv kev nce hauv lysosomal membrane permeability, thiab inhibiting pyroptosis, thiab nws muaj peev xwm siv cov nqi kho mob ^[11].

Neuroinflamation thiab kev paub tsis meej: 

Hauv cov nas uas muaj hnub nyoog, lipopolysaccharide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob hauv lub cev thiab mob hlwb, thiab SS-31 tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation tsis tau tsuas yog txo cov inflammatory teb nyob rau hauv lub hippocampus tab sis kuj txhim kho lub functional connectivity ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv hippocampus cheeb tsam. Kev kho mob thaum ntxov nrog SS-31 muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntev ntawm kev txo qis ntawm lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflamation ^[12].

Autosomal dominant polycystic raum kab mob: 

Kev xeeb tub yog suav hais tias ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwv hauv autosomal dominant polycystic raum kab mob. Nws tau pom tias mitochondria-tiv thaiv tetrapeptide SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub raum kab mob hauv cev xeeb tub Pkd1^{RC/RC} nas, thaum txo ERK1/2 phosphorylation thiab txhim kho kev tsim ntawm mitochondrial supercomplexes. SS-31 tuaj yeem hla cov placenta thiab mis nyuj, txhim kho tus menyuam mos polycystic raum mob hnyav yam tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam teratogenic lossis teeb meem tshwm sim ^[5].

Cov kab mob neurodegenerative: 

SS-31 yog ib qho mitochondria-targeted me me molecule tetrapeptide uas tau qhia txog kev kho mob thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv ntau yam kab mob mitochondrial. Hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative, SS-31 tuaj yeem txhim kho mitochondrial ua pa, ua kom muaj cov kab mob neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis los ntawm mitochondrial biogenesis regulators thiab translocator yam, txhim kho mitochondrial fusion, inhibit mitochondrial fission, nce mitophagy, txo cov neuronal oxidative kev nyuaj siab, neuroinflamma protein. apoptosis, thiab txhim kho txoj kev ciaj sia ntawm neuronal. Yog li, SS-31 tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative los ntawm kev txhim kho mitochondrial respiration, biogenesis, fusion, thiab neuronal survival txoj hauv kev, nrog rau inhibiting mitochondrial fission, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, tsub zuj zuj ntawm lom proteins, thiab neuronal apoptosis ^[1].

Sarcopenia: Nws tau pom tias 8 lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob nrog SS-31 tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov hnub nyoog txog kev hloov pauv hauv cov protein phosphorylation hauv cov leeg pob txha ntawm cov poj niam laus nas, uas zoo ib yam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov leeg pob txha thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov protein S-glutathionylation ^[13].

Raws li mitochondria-targeted tshuaj, SS-31 muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev kho mob mitochondrial. Los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm mitochondria, nws tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig kho mob hauv cov kab mob xws li LHON thiab Barth syndrome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev mob optic neuropathy. Nws muaj kev kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog mitochondrial tsis ua haujlwm, xws li lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob thiab ncua kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Daneshgar N yog tus kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig hauv zej zog kev kawm, thiab nws txoj haujlwm kev kawm tau txuas nrog rau University of Iowa thiab Oregon State University. Nws cov kev tshawb fawb tau dav thiab tob, suav nrog ntau yam kev qhuab qhia xws li geriatrics thiab gerontology, kab mob plawv thiab plawv, biochemistry thiab molecular biology, cell biology, thiab oncology. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm geriatrics thiab gerontology, Daneshgar N tau cog lus los tshawb txog cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm kev laus thiab kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov kab mob kev laus, vam tias yuav txhim kho lub neej zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg laus los ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv nam ntawm cov hlab plawv system thiab cardiology, nws ua nyob rau hauv-tob kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub pathogenesis, diagnostic txoj kev, thiab kho cov tswv yim ntawm cov kab mob plawv, pab txhawb rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob plawv. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm biochemistry thiab molecular biology, nws tsom mus rau cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm biomolecules, nthuav tawm cov kev paub tsis meej ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm qib molecular thiab muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev nkag siab thiab kho cov kab mob. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cell biology, Daneshgar N tsom mus rau cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov cai ntawm lub neej kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb, kawm txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm tes thiab kev tswj xyuas lub voj voog ntawm tes, muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm oncology, nws tau cog lus rau kev tshawb fawb txog qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, nrog rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog, tshawb nrhiav cov cim qhia ntxov thiab cov hom phiaj kho mob tshiab rau cov qog, coj kev cia siab tshiab rau cov neeg mob qog. Daneshgar N tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [5].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Nhu NT, Xiao S, Liu Y, et al. Neuroprotective Effects ntawm Me Me Mitochondrially-Targeted Tetrapeptide Elamipretide hauv Neurodegeneration [J]. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2022,15.DOI:10.3389/fnint.2021.747901.

[2] Sabbah H N. Elamipretide rau Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: maj mam rebuilding ntawm ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam power grid [J]. Lub plawv Failure Reviews, 2022,27(5):1911-1923.DOI:10.1007/s10741-021-10177-8.

[3] Daubert MA, Yow E, Dunn G, et al. Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide in Heart Failure Treatment A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Elamipretide[J]. Circulation-Heart Failure, 2017,10(12).DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004389.

[4] Patel N, Johnson MA, Vapniarsky N, et al. Elamipretide mitigates ischemia-reperfusion raug mob hauv tus qauv swine ntawm hemorrhagic shock [J]. Scientific Reports, 2023,13(1).DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-31374-5.

[5] Daneshgar N, Liang P, Lan RS, et al. Elamipretide kev kho mob thaum cev xeeb tub ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm polycystic raum kab mob hauv niam thiab menyuam mos cov nas nrog PKD1 kev hloov pauv [J]. Kidney International, 2022,101(5):906-911.DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.006.

[6] Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Chau S, et al. Elamipretide Txhim kho Mitochondrial Function hauv Kev Ua Tsis Taus Tib Neeg Lub Plawv [J]. Jacc-Basic to Translational Science, 2019,4(2):147-157.DOI:10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.12.005.

[7] Garcia A, Jonscher R, Sparagna G, et al. Elamipretide Txhim Kho Mob Mitochondrial Function Hauv Cov Menyuam Mob Ib Leeg Mob plawv [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Cardiac Failure, 2023,29(4):661.

[8] Miyamoto S, Zhang G, Hall D, et al. Restoring mitochondrial superoxide ntau ntau nrog elamipretide (MTP-131) tiv thaiv db/db nas tiv thaiv kev mob raum mob ntshav qab zib.[J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020,295(21):7249-7260.DOI:10.1074/jbc.RA119.011110.

[9] Karanjia R, Coupland SG, Garcia M, et al. Elamipretide (MTP-131) Tshuaj Ophthalmic Tshuaj rau Kev Kho Mob ntawm Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy [J]. Kev Tshawb Fawb Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2019,60(9).

[10] Tse BC, Dvoriantchikova G, Tao W, et al. Mitochondrial tsom txoj kev kho nrog elamipretide (MTP-131) ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov qog necrosis factor inhibition rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha hauv qhov mob hnyav [J]. Experimental Eye Research, 2020,199.DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108178.

[11] Zhang H, Chen Y, Li F, et al. Elamipretide alleviates pyroptosis hauv traumatically raug mob qaum qaum los ntawm inhibiting cPLA2-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Neuroinflamation, 2023,20(1).DOI:10.1186/s12974-023-02690-4.

[12] Li H, Fu H, et al. Elamipretide (SS-31) Txhim kho kev sib txuas ua haujlwm hauv Hippocampus thiab lwm thaj chaw muaj feem cuam tshuam tom qab lub sijhawm ntev neuroinflammation Induced los ntawm lipopolysaccharide hauv cov laus nas [J]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2021,13.DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2021.600484.

[13] Campbell MD, Martin-Perez M, Egertson JD, et al. Elamipretide cuam tshuam rau cov leeg pob txha phosphoproteome hauv cov poj niam laus nas[J]. Geroscience, 2022,44(6):2913-2924.DOI:10.1007/s11357-022-00679-0.

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.