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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Kisspeptin Tsarin
Source: PubChem |
Jeri:GTSLSPPPESSGSRQQPGLSAPHSRQIPAPQGAVLVQREKDLPNYNWNSFGLRF Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C 258H 401N 79O78 Nauyin Kwayoyin: 5857 g/mol Saukewa: 71306396 Synonyms: Protein KISS-1;Kisspeptins |
▎ Kisspeptin Binciken
Menene asalin binciken Kisspeptin?
A cikin marigayi 20th karni, tare da ci gaba a cikin bincike a kan tumor metastasis suppressor genes, masana kimiyya gano KiSS-1 gene a cikin melanoma Kwayoyin ta yin amfani da modified subtractive hybridization a 1996. A 1999, da bera G protein-haɗe-haɗe receptor GPR54, da kuma a cikin 2001, da samfurin da aka tabbatar da gene liga1. GPR54, mai suna Kisspeptin. Da farko an lura da shi don ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta metastasis-suppressive Properties, an gano wannan neuropeptide daga baya yana aiki azaman maɓalli mai mahimmanci na tsarin tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadadal axis, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin neuroendocrine na haɓaka haifuwa na vertebrate. Hakanan yana shiga cikin matakai masu yawa na ilimin lissafin jiki kamar halayyar haihuwa, ka'idodin yanayi, haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka, da halayyar ciyarwa. Binciken bincike da aikin bincike na Kisspeptin yana ba da muhimmin tushe na ka'idar don bincika hanyoyin sarrafa neuroendocrine da kuma magance cututtukan da ke da alaƙa.
Menene tsarin aikin Kisspeptin?
Hanyoyin Ka'idojin Haihuwa
Doka na Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis: Kisspeptin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin haihuwa, da farko ta hanyar daidaitawa na axis na HPG. A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, Kisspeptin yana motsa siginar hormone mai sakin gonadotropin (GnRH). Musamman, Kisspeptin yana kunna siginar bugun jini na ƙwayoyin GnRH ta hanyar hanyoyin haɗin furotin G ta hanyar mai karɓar sa GPR54. Alal misali, a lokacin balaga, ƙara yawan aiki na hypothalamic Kisspeptin neurons yana inganta siginar GnRH, wanda hakan yana motsa glandon pituitary don ɓoye gonadotropins (kamar follicle-stimulating hormone FSH da luteinizing hormone LH). Wadannan hormones suna aiki akan gonads don inganta ci gaban gonadal da kuma zubar da jini na jima'i, don haka fara haɓaka haɓakar balaga [1] .
Tasirin Kai tsaye akan Gonads: Baya ga tsarin haifuwa kai tsaye ta hanyar axis na HPG, Kisspeptin shima yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan gonads. Nazarin kan oocytes daga tumaki Tan anestrous, alal misali, ya nuna cewa Kisspeptin yana inganta ƙimar maturation na in vitro na Tan tumaki oocytes kuma yana haɓaka maturation na oocyte ta hanyar haɓaka maganganun kwayoyin halitta. Wannan yana nuna cewa Kisspeptin na iya shiga kai tsaye wajen daidaita ci gaban follicular a cikin gonads.
Menene tsarin aikin Kisspeptin?
Ma'amala tare da Sauran Neuropeptides: A cikin hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, akwai wani nau'i na Kisspeptin neurons wanda ke nuna glutamate, neurokinin B (NKB), da dynorphin (Dyn). Waɗannan jijiyoyi suna nuna ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na lokaci-lokaci don fitar da ɓarnawar ƙwayar cuta ta pulsatile [2] . Nazarin a cikin mice na mata ya nuna cewa haɗin kai na ARN ^ {KISS} ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya dogara ne akan watsawar glutamate ta hanyar masu karɓar AMPA da neurokinin B, yayin da hana masu karɓar NMDA da κ-opioid masu karɓa ba su da wani tasiri akan ƙimar daidaitawa [3] . A cikin mice mice, aiki tare na ARN ^ {KISS} neurons yana fitowa daga kusan ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar bazuwar bazuwar a cikin yawan jama'a, dogara sosai ga siginar glutamate-AMPA na gida, tare da neurokinin B yana haɓaka aiki tare da glutamate-induced, yayin da sautin dynorphin-κ-opioid a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar sadarwa. Wannan yana nuna hadaddun hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin Kisspeptin neurons da sauran neuropeptides a cikin ƙa'idodin neuroendocrine, tare da sarrafa ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta ta pulsatile [2].
Hoto 1 Histograms yana nuna adadin gwaje-gwajen da abubuwan da suka faru na calcium daidai suka faru tsakanin ARN ^ {KISS} neurons a cikin yanki na kwakwalwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau da kuma bin ƙananan mita da haɓakaccen mita na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin rashi da kasancewar CNQX ko neurokinin receptor (NKR) antagonists.
Source: PubMed [3].
Menene ci gaban bincike na asibiti akan Kisspeptin a cikin maganin cututtuka na rayuwa?
Kisspeptin da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 (T2DM)
Ka'idojin Metabolism na Glucose: Mahimman siffofi na T2DM sun haɗa da juriya na insulin, rashin isasshen insulin, da haɓakar glucose na jini. Nazarin ya nuna cewa Kisspeptin na iya daidaita glucose metabolism ta hanyoyi da yawa. A gefe guda, Kisspeptin na iya rinjayar hankalin insulin; a gefe guda, yana iya yin aiki akan aikin β-cell islet na pancreatic don shafar ƙwayar insulin.
Kisspeptin da Kiba
Tsarin Ma'auni na Makamashi da Abincin Abinci: Yawanci ana danganta kiba da rashin daidaituwar kuzari saboda yawan kuzarin kuzari da rage kashe kuzari. Kisspeptin yana daidaita daidaiton makamashi da halayen ciyarwa a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Ƙara yawan maganganun Kisspeptin na iya rage cin abinci a cikin dabbobi, yayin da rage yawan magana na iya ƙara shi, yana nuna cewa Kisspeptin yana aiki a matsayin babban mai sarrafa makamashi a cikin pathogenesis na kiba.
Kisspeptin da Ciwon Hanta marasa Giya (NAFLD)
Tasiri akan Metabolism Hepatic: NAFLD cuta ce ta hanta da ke da alaƙa da juriya na insulin da ciwo na rayuwa, wanda ke nuna yawan kitse mai hanta. Kisspeptin yana shiga cikin tsarin hanta na hanta. A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, an nuna sa baki na Kisspeptin don canza canjin lipid metabolism, martani mai kumburi, da damuwa na oxidative a cikin hanta. Yana iya rage tarin kitse na hanta ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan manyan enzymes da ke da hannu cikin hadawar fatty acid da raguwa. Bugu da ƙari, Kisspeptin na iya daidaita hanyoyin siginar kumburin hanta don rage kumburi da jinkirin ci gaban NAFLD.
Kisspeptin da Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Tsarin Dual na Endocrinology na Haihuwa da Metabolism: PCOS cuta ce ta gama gari da cuta ta rayuwa wacce ke da alaƙa da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da glucose-lipid metabolism a yawancin marasa lafiya. Kisspeptin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtukan PCOS. A tsakiya, yana daidaita ma'aunin hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadadal don tasiri endocrinology na haihuwa a cikin marasa lafiya na PCOS. A halin yanzu, yana shiga cikin matakai na rayuwa wanda ya shafi insulin, leptin, da adiponectin, yana ba da shawarar cewa yana da mahimmanci a cikin rashin aiki na rayuwa a cikin PCOS.
Menene aikace-aikacen Kisspeptin?
Maganin Rashin Haihuwa
Haɓaka Ci gaban Balaga: Kisspeptin yana da mahimmanci ga fara balaga. Nazarin ya nuna cewa maye gurbi a cikin tsarin Kisspeptin-GPR54 na iya haifar da jinkirin balaga ko hypogonadism. Exogenous gudanarwa na Kisspeptin na iya tayar da axis na HPG don haɓaka sigin GnRH da gonadotropin, yana riƙe da alƙawari don magance cututtukan haɓakar balaga. Misali, a cikin marasa lafiya tare da hypogonadism saboda lahanin siginar Kisspeptin, ƙari tare da Kisspeptin ko analogs na iya dawo da haɓakar girma na al'ada [4, 5].
Ciwon Ovulation: A cikin tsarin haihuwa na mace, Kisspeptin yana daidaita yanayin al'ada da ovulation. Yana da yuwuwar ƙimar warkewa don cututtukan ovulation kamar PCOS. Ta hanyar daidaita siginar bugun jini na GnRH, Kisspeptin na iya canza sakin gonadotropin don inganta haɓakar follicular da ovulation. Nazarin asibiti ya nuna cewa Kisspeptin yana haifar da ƙarin tsarin ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta ta gonadotropin a cikin wasu marasa lafiya na ovulation, haɓaka ƙimar nasarar ovulation [5, 6].
Aiki Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA): FHA ana haifar da shi ta hanyar ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ƙwayar cuta na GnRH a cikin hypothalamus. A matsayin mai kula da GnRH na sama, Kisspeptin yana da mahimmanci ga jiyya na FHA. Nazarin ya nuna cewa gudanar da Kisspeptin-54 ga marasa lafiya na FHA yadda ya kamata yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar gonadotropin (FSH, LH), yana riƙe da alƙawari don maido da hawan haila da haihuwa. Wannan yana ba da sabbin dabaru don maganin FHA [6].
Maganin Cututtukan Metabolic
Ciwon Hanta Mai Rashin Gishiri (NAFLD): Nazarin kwanan nan sun gano cewa kunna hanyar siginar Kisspeptin 1 (KISS1R) yana da tasirin warkewa akan NAFLD. A cikin nau'ikan linzamin kwamfuta masu cin abinci mai kitse, bugun hanta na Kiss1r yana ƙara haɓaka steatosis na hanta, yayin da haɓakar KISS1R yana kare nau'in berayen daji daga steatosis kuma yana rage fibrosis na hanta a cikin ƙwayoyin steatohepatitis marasa giya (NASH). Nazarin injina ya nuna cewa siginar hanta KISS1R yana inganta ci gaban NAFLD ta hanyar kunna AMPK, maɓalli mai mahimmancin tsarin makamashi, don rage lipogenesis. Bugu da ƙari, ƙara yawan maganganun KISS1 / KISS1R na hanta da matakan kisspeptin na plasma a cikin marasa lafiya na NAFLD da ƙudan zuma masu cin abinci masu kitse suna ba da shawarar hanyar ramawa don rage haɗin triglyceride, yana mai da KISS1R sabuwar manufa don maganin NASH [7].
Maganin Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis cuta ce ta ƙasusuwa na yau da kullun inda hormones na haihuwa ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙashi da kiyaye taro. Nazarin ya nuna cewa Kisspeptin yana ƙarfafa bambance-bambancen osteoblast kuma yana hana osteoclasts, yana ba da damar asibiti don maganin osteoporosis. Tsarin na iya haɗawa da daidaita hanyoyin siginar siginar da ke da alaƙa da ƙashi, irin su hanyar Wnt da tsarin RANKL-OPG, don haɓaka haɓakar kasusuwa, hana haɓakar kasusuwa, haɓaka haɓakar ƙashi, da haɓaka lafiyar kwarangwal a cikin marasa lafiya na osteoporosis.
Kammalawa
Kodayake bincike na asibiti akan Kisspeptin a cikin jiyya na cututtukan rayuwa ya sami ci gaba, tasirin sa ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da metabolism na glucose, ma'aunin makamashi, haɓakar hanta, da tsarin dual na endocrinology na haihuwa da metabolism.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya
Guzman, S fitaccen malami ne a fannin likitanci da kimiyyar rayuwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da manyan cibiyoyi da yawa kamar Tsarin Jami'ar Rutgers, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Yara ta New Jersey, da Tsarin Jami'ar City na New York (CUNY). Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cell Biology, Biology Reproductive, da Obstetrics & Gynecology. Wadannan wuraren bincike suna da matukar mahimmanci don haɓaka ilimin ka'idoji da na asibiti na likitanci, yana nuna ƙwarewar sana'arsa da tasiri mai yawa a cikin binciken likita.
