Peptide kunnafoni fɛ 
Awirilikalo tile 21, san 2025
BƐƐRƐ KUNNAFONIW NI FƐRƐW KUNNAFONIW BƐƐ MIN BƐ NI WEBSITE KAN NA, U BƐ KUNNAFONIW FƆLƆ DƆRƆN NI KALANSENW YE.
Fɛn minnu bɛ di nin siti in kan, olu dabɔra ɲininiw dɔrɔn kama in vitro. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli in vitro (latinkan na: *glasi kɔnɔ*, o kɔrɔ ye gilasi kɔnɔ) bɛ kɛ hadamaden farikolo kɔkan. Nin fura ninnu tɛ furaw ye, Ameriki ka dumuniko ni furako ɲɛmɔgɔso (FDA) ma sɔn u ma, wa u man kan ka kɛ ka furakɛli bana, bana walima bana si bali, k’a furakɛ, walima k’a furakɛ. A dagalen don kosɛbɛ sariya fɛ ka nin fɛn ninnu don hadamaden walima bagan farikolo la cogo o cogo.
Peptide Bond ye mun ye
Pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya ye jɛɲɔgɔnya kovalɛn taamasiɲɛ ye farikolojɔlifɛnw na, min bɛ sɔrɔ jibɔbaliya wale fɛ asidi aminiki kelen ka α-karɔkisili kulu (α-COOH) ni asidi aminiki kɛrɛfɛ α-amino kulu (-NH2) cɛ. A ka kemikɛli cogoya ye amidi jɛɲɔgɔnya ye. O jɛɲɔgɔnya in bɛ polipɛtidi cakɛda kɔkanna jɔcogo jɔnjɔn dantigɛ: amino-terminal (N-terminal) ni carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya segin-seginw fɛ walasa ka sinsinni sinsinni kɛ. K’a sababu kɛ p-π ɲɔgɔndan sigicogo dɔ jɔli ye karɔbɔni karɔbɔni (C=O) ni imino azote (-NH-) cɛ pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya la, CN jɛɲɔgɔnya bɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya fila cogoya yɔrɔ dɔw jira, o bɛ pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya plan di ni coplanar cogoya gɛlɛnw ye. O bɛ jɔcogo gɛlɛyabaw di walasa ka farikolojɔlifɛnw jɔcogo sanfɛtaw foli.
Peptide bond Biosynthèse ka fɛɛrɛ
Peptide bond synthesis bɛ kɛ ribosomes kɔnɔ, a bɛ tali kɛ transfert ARN (tRNA) la walasa ka amino acides ta. Antikodonw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ARNt kan ni kodonw ye ciden ARN (ARNm) kan, asidi aminikiw bɛ bila P yɔrɔ la ani ribozomu A yɔrɔ la. Asidi aminikiw ka amino kulu min bɛ A yɔrɔ la, o bɛ jibɔbaliya kɛ ni asidi aminikiw ka karɔkisili kulu ye P yɔrɔ la, ka amidi jɛɲɔgɔnya (-CO-NH-) kɛ ka ji molekilɛri dɔ bɔ. Ribosome bɛ taa ARNm fɛ, o bɛ pepitiri cakɛda bila ka bɔ N-terminal la ka taa C-terminal la. O wale in bɛ fanga sɔrɔ GTP fɛ, ni asidi aminiki jɛɲɔgɔnya sigicogo ye min bɛ kɔlɔsi tigitigi kodɔnw fɛ walasa ka polipɛtidi cakɛda ɲɛsincogo lajɛ sɔrɔ.
Peptide sirili yɔrɔw sigicogo ni u farikolo-ɲɛnajɛ-cogo
Pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya ka sigicogo jɛlen planaire de b’a ka yɔrɔko cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dantigɛ: oksizɛni karɔbɔli ni amino hidrɔzɛni bɛ trans cogoya la, ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛrɛ min bɛ kɛ 120° ɲɔgɔn ye, o bɛ kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ planar unit gɛlɛn ye (angle dihedral ω bɛ surunya 180° la). O jɔcogo in bɛ dan sigi α-karbon kɛrɛfɛtaw ka dihedral angles (φ ani ψ) ka hɔrɔnya hakɛw la, ka structurel unit filanan sabatilenw sɔrɔli sabati polipɛtidi cakɛda kɔnɔ (i n’a fɔ α-helices, β-sheets, walima β-turns). Fɛnɲɛnɛmako siratigɛ la, pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya amidi kulu bɛ se ka kɛ i n’a fɔ hidrɔzɛni jɛɲɔgɔnya dibaga (amino hidrɔzɛni) ani sɔnbaga (carbonyl oxygen) fila bɛɛ, k’u sen don hidrɔzɛni jɛɲɔgɔnya rezow jɔli la poroteyini kɔnɔ ani mɔlikuluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. A ka sigida jɛlen bɛ yeelen ultraviolet minɛcogo jira ni a janya ye 210–230 nm ye, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka farikolojɔlifɛnw hakɛ jateminɛ ni ultraviolet spectrophotometry ye. Ka fara o kan, pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya sabatili kemikaliya la, o b’a to a ka gɛlɛn ka jibɔ yɛrɛma kɛ jilamaw la minnu tɛ fɛn wɛrɛ ye, nka a bɛ se ka tigɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la poroteyiziw ka katalizi kɔrɔ, o bɛ kɛ laɲini jɔnjɔn ye farikolo kɔnɔ poroteyini tiɲɛni na.
Peptide bonds ka baarakɛcogo ɲɛnamaw ni u kɛcogo fɛɛrɛko siratigɛ la
Ɲɛnamaya baaraw la, pepitiriw sirili balansi fangama bɛ protéome homéostasis mara: fan dɔ fɛ, u ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kovalɛnw sabatili bɛ biologiki makɔrɔmolekuliw ka baarakɛcogo dafalen sabati i n’a fɔ anzimuw ani structurel proteines faan wɛrɛ fɛ, pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ dɔn ani ka ji labɔ protéasew fɛ (i n’a fɔ proteasome min bɛ ubiquitin-proteasome system kɔnɔ ani lysosome enzymes), o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka protéines (poroteyin) minnu tɛ cogoya la, olu ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan ani ka signalement molecules (molecules) waatilama labɛn. Biyoteknoloji siratigɛ la, pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnyaw ka kemikoro cogoyaw bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ polipɛtidiw dilanni na: fasa gɛlɛnw dilanni na, kulu lakanani fɛɛrɛw bɛ baara kɛ walasa ka asidi aminikiw ka karɔkisili kuluw baara ka sugandi walasa ka pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya siraw dilan. Protéines (protéines) sinsinni fɛɛrɛw bɛ baara kɛ ni fenil isothiocyanate ye walasa ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni N-terminal amino acid ye ani ka pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya fɔlɔ tigɛ ka sugandi, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka ɲɔgɔndan sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ɲɔgɔn kɔ. Ka fara o kan, poroteyizi balilanw minnu dilannen don ka da pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya analoziw kan, olu bɛ anzimuw ka santiri baarakɛtaw bali ni pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnya nafamaw cogoya ladege ye, o bɛ kɛ fɛɛrɛ nafama ye fura dilanni na. Kalan kunbaba minnu kɛra pepitiri jɛɲɔgɔnyaw jɔcogo ni baarakɛcogo cɛsira kan, olu bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka fɛɛrɛ kuraw bila senkan farikolojɔlifɛnw dilanni na, polipɛtidi furaw dilanni na, ani fɛnɲɛnamaw dilanni na.
