▎ Akɔbli-cu Numekuku
Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ le Copper-cu ŋu?
Le ƒe 1970-awo me la, Amerika dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala siwo nɔ numekuku wɔm tso ŋusẽ si amegbetɔ ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi kpɔna ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siwo xɔ ƒe vovovowo dzi ŋu la de dzesii vevie. Esi wotsɔ ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ siwo tso sɔhɛwo me kpe ɖe aklã ƒe lãkusi siwo tso ame tsitsiwo ŋu me la, aklã ƒe lãkusi tsitsiawo te protein tɔxɛwo wɔwɔ nyuie abe sɔhɛwo ƒe lãkusi ene. Le numekuku deto megbe la, eɖe Copper-cu ɖe vovo tso amegbetɔ ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi me dzidzedzetɔe le ƒe 1973 me. Tripeptide si me glycine, histidine, kple lysine bla ɖe akɔbli ion ŋu sesĩe ye wɔa nu vovovowo. Numekuku bubuwo ɖee fia be Copper-cu le dzɔdzɔme nu le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le aɖuɖɔ, ʋu, kple aɖuɖɔ me. Eƒe agbɔsɔsɔme do ƒome kplikplikpli kple ƒexɔxɔ: eɖoa abe 200ng/mL ene le ƒe 20 viwo ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi me, gake edzi ɖena kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ va ɖoa abe 80ng/mL ene ne woxɔ ƒe 60.
Numekuku siwo wowɔ emegbe yi edzi le Copper-cu gɔmesese ƒe liƒowo kekem ɖe enu. Le ƒe 1980 ƒeawo ƒe gɔmedzedze la, agbalẽnyalagãwo kpɔe be amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã ɖea GHK ɖe go le teƒe siwo woxɔ abi le, eye wotsɔ dzideƒo susu akpa si wòate ŋu awɔ abe dzesi vevi gbãtɔ si woatsɔ adzra ŋutigbalẽ ɖo ene. Tso ɣemaɣi la, numekuku geɖe ku ɖe akpa si Copper-cu wɔna le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tɔtrɔ me, vevietɔ le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe gbugbɔgadzɔ me ŋu. Akɔbli-cu doa ŋusẽ collagen, elastin, kple glycosaminoglycans ƒe wɔwɔme esime wòle metalloproteinases kple woƒe mɔxenuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔm. Ewɔa dɔ nyuiwo le dɔlékuiwutikewo, antioxidant defense, kple angiogenesis me, eye vivivi la, eva zu numekuku ƒe nyati le go geɖe me siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye biochemistry, dermatology, kple regenerative medicine.
Nukae nye Akɔbli-cu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?
Abi ƒe Dɔyɔyɔ Dodo Ðe Ŋgɔ
Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dzidziɖedzi Kple Woƒe Ʋuʋu: Akɔbli-cu doa ŋusẽ lãmenugbagbevi vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋutigbalẽ ƒe fibroblasts kple endothelial cells, ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple ʋuʋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe abi teƒewo la, enaa lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe akpa siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me abe collagen kple elastin ene ƒe wɔwɔme kabakaba to fibroblasts dzi, si naa xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu hena abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ehea lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me be woaʋu ayi abi la gbɔ, si wɔnɛ be ʋuka yeyewo dzɔna. Esia naa nunyiame kple oxygen sɔ gbɔ ɖe abi la me, si wɔnɛ be eƒe dɔyɔyɔ kabakaba [1] ..
Tsitsi ƒe Nuwo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: Nu sesẽ sia trɔa asi le tsitsinu geɖewo ƒe ɖeɖefia kple woƒe dodo ŋu, abe transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) kple vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ene. Ne míetsɔ VEGF wɔ kpɔɖeŋui la, Copper-cu doa eƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si hã doa ŋusẽ ʋukawo me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple ʋukawo ƒe dzɔdzɔ—si nye nuwɔna veviwo hena abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ [1]..
Dɔlélenutsitsi ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Domenɔlawo ƒe Mɔxexe: Akɔbli-cu xea mɔ na dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔla geɖe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) kple interleukin-1β (IL-1β) ƒe wɔwɔ kple woƒe dodo. Domenɔla siawo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo me. To mɔxexe ɖe woƒe ɖeɖefia nu me la, Copper-cu ɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe sesẽ kple ɣeyiɣi didi si wòxɔna dzi kpɔtɔna, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna [2]..
Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Trɔtrɔ: Ekpɔa dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã dzi. To macrophage ƒe vovototodedeameme tɔtrɔ ɖe macrophage siwo tsia dzodzodzoetsitsi nu ŋu me la, eɖea domenɔla siwo doa dɔdzẽ ƒe dodo dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòdoa lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo ɖe ŋgɔ [2] ..
DNA Dzadzraɖo
Dzadzraɖomɔwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ: Akɔbli-cu naa lãmenugbagbeviwo me DNA ɖɔɖɔɖomɔwo wɔa dɔ. Ne nu vovovo siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me alo esiwo le gota gblẽ nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu la, wodzea DNA ɖɔɖɔɖomɔnu vovovowo gɔme. Akɔbli-cu doa DNA si gblẽ la dzadzraɖo ɖe ŋgɔ to nuwo ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe enzyme siwo do ƒome kplii, abe DNA polymerase kple ligase ene ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me, si wɔnɛ be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe liƒo nɔa anyi [2] ..
Antioxidant Takpɔkpɔ: Antioxidant ŋutete le esi, si ɖea DNA ƒe gbegblẽ si oxygen ƒomevi siwo wɔa dɔ (ROS) hena vɛ dzi kpɔtɔna. ROS ate ŋu ana DNA ƒe ka nagbã eye base oxidation nava. To ROS ɖeɖeɖa me la, Copper-cu kpɔa DNA ta tso nusiwo gblẽ me le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu, si wɔnɛ be nɔnɔme nyuiwo nɔa anyi na DNA dzadzraɖo [1]..
Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔwɔ
Ŋusẽ ƒe Tɔtrɔyimɔ̃ Dodo Ðe Ŋgɔ: Le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ gome la, Copper-cu ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Mitochondria nyea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽ, eye Copper-cu ate ŋu ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽ wɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi to enzyme siwo do ƒome kple mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me—abe esiwo kpɔa gome le tricarboxylic acid ƒe tsatsam kple oxidative phosphorylation me ene—to esia me akpɔ ŋusẽ si hiã le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ abe tsitsi kple dzadzraɖo ene me gbɔ [2] ..
Nusiwo Wowɔna Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: Akɔbli-cu hã trɔa asi le nu vevi siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu. Abe alesi míede dzesii va yi ene la, edoa lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe akpawo abe collagen kple elastin ene ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo me nusiwo le abe protein kple ami ene ƒe wɔwɔme kple woƒe asitɔtrɔ dzi, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nɔa anyi [2]..
Nukae nye Copper-cu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ?
Abi Dada: Ŋutete le akɔbli-cu si be wòado abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Eʋãa ʋukawo ƒe dzɔdzɔ, si naa nunyiame kple ɔksidzin geɖe abixɔa, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple wo gbugbɔgadzɔ kabakaba. Akɔbli-cu hã doa alɔ ŋutigbalẽ me fibroblasts ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si doa collagen, elastin, kple glycosaminoglycans ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Esia kpena ɖe ame ŋu le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si le lãmesẽ me tutu me eye wònaa abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ kabakaba. Le Pickart L ƒe numekuku si wòwɔ tso ŋutigbalẽ ƒe abixɔxɔ ŋu me la, atikewɔwɔ kple atike siwo me Akɔbli-cu le na abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ kabakaba ŋutɔ eye wòna abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ nyo ɖe edzi [2]..
Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Eɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo dzi kpɔtɔna to mɔxexe ɖe dzesimɔ siwo do ƒome kple dɔdzẽ nu me. Le lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model kple in vitro dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ kple RAW 264.7 macrophages siaa me la, Copper-cu zazã ɖe reactive oxygen species (ROS) wɔwɔ dzi kpɔtɔ, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe edzi, eye wòɖe dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔlawo abe necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) kple interleukin-6 (IL-6), si wokpɔna to mɔxexe ɖe NF-κB p65 kple p38 MAPK dzesimɔwo nu me. Eyata Copper-cu ɖea atikewɔwɔ ƒe ŋutete fiana na dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple dɔdzẽ abe ALI/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [3]..
Lãmenugbagbeviwo Takpɔkpɔ: Eɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi vovovowo fiana. Le aklãdɔléle si xea mɔ na dɔlékuiwo (COPD) me la, ekpɔa aklã ƒe lãkusiwo ta hedzraa wo ɖo esime wògagbugbɔa COPD fibroblast ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖoa anyi. Exea mɔ na molecule siwo le abe NFκB ene hã, siwo woxɔ se be enaa tsitsidɔlélewo kabakaba, si ɖea ŋutete si tsi tre ɖe tsitsi ŋu fiana. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, eɖea dzimaɖitsitsi, vevesesenutsitike, kple amedzidzedze ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo fiana, eye wònaa lãmenugbagbeviwo kɔklɔdɔwo wɔa dɔ to proteasome ƒe ɖoɖoa dzi, si naa lãmenugbagbeviwo takpɔkpɔ bliboe [2] . .
DNA Dzadzraɖo: Copper-cu kpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbeviwo me DNA dzadzraɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo me, si kpena ɖe ame ŋu be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe liƒo nanɔ anyi eye wòɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔléle kple tsitsi ƒe nya siwo DNA ƒe gbegblẽ si ƒo ƒu hena vɛ dzi kpɔtɔna. Esia doa alɔ mɔxexe ɖe dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple DNA ƒe gbegblẽ kple wo dada [2] ..
Nyanuwuwuw
Abe endogenous tripeptide-copper complex ene la, Copper-cu ɖea nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si le akpa vovovowo fiana. To dzesimɔwo abe PI3K/Akt kple MAPK/ERK ene ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la, edoa fibroblast ƒe dzidziɖedzi, ʋukawo ƒe dzɔdzɔ, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wòwɔa akpa vevi aɖe le abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ me. Eɖea dɔlékuiwutikewo, antioxidant, kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã fiana, si ɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe gbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòkpena ɖe ame ŋu le nuveviwɔame ɖɔɖɔɖo kple dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔlélewo ƒe nudede eme me.
Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu
Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.
Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla
Loren Pickart nye nugbagbeŋutinunyala xɔŋkɔ aɖe eye wòɖo Skin Biology Inc., si bi ɖe akɔbli peptidewo kple wo zazã le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe lãmesẽ kple tsitsi me ŋuti numekuku me. Eke ɖe akɔbli peptide si nye Copper-cu ŋu le ƒe 1973 me esime wònɔ ɖɔkta ƒe numekuku wɔm le California Yunivɛsiti, San Francisco. Nu sia si ŋu woke ɖo la na woto akɔbli peptide siwo nana ŋutigbalẽa gbugbɔna zu ɖekakpui la vɛ eye woɖo Skin Biology Inc. le ƒe 1994. Eƒe dɔa kpe ɖe ame ŋu ŋutɔ be wose ŋutigbalẽ ƒe nugbagbeŋutinunya gɔme eye woto atike siwo tsia tsitsi nu vɛ. Pickart ƒe numekukua yi edzi le ŋusẽ kpɔm ɖe ŋutigbalẽŋutinunya kple atikewɔwɔ si naa ŋutigbalẽa gbugbɔgawɔna ƒe akpa dzi. Woŋlɔ Loren Pickart ŋkɔ ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe nyatakaka me [2].
