Kisspeptin 10mg ƒe atike

▎ Kisspeptin ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo

▎ Kisspeptin Numekuku

Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ tso Kisspeptin ŋu?  

Le ƒe alafa 20 lia ƒe nuwuwu, esi wowɔ ŋgɔyiyi le numekuku siwo wowɔ le domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo tea dɔdzẽ ƒe kaka ɖe teƒe bubuwo nu ŋu la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo va ke ɖe KiSS-1 domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋu le melanoma lãmenugbagbeviwo me to asitɔtrɔ le subtractive hybridization zazã me le ƒe 1996. Le ƒe 1999 me la, wode dzesi rat G protein-coupled receptor GPR54, eye le ƒe 2001 me la, numekukuwo ɖo kpe edzi be KiSS-1 domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuwɔnae nye endogenous ligand na GPR54, si woyɔna be Kisspeptin. Wode dzesii gbã be eƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe kaka ɖe teƒe bubuwo nu tete ƒe ŋutetewo ta, eye emegbe wokpɔe be ahɔhɔ̃meka sia wɔa dɔ abe hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ƒe dzigbedzikpɔnu vevi aɖe ene, eye wòwɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le akɔtalãwo ƒe vidzidzi ƒe tsitsi dzi. Ekpɔa gome le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo abe vidzidzi ƒe nuwɔna, seselelãme ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, tsitsi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple nuɖuɖu ƒe nɔnɔme hã me. Kisspeptin ƒe nusi ŋu woke ɖo kple eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku na nukpɔsusu vevi aɖe si dzi woanɔ te ɖo aku nu me le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu eye woada dɔléle siwo do ƒome kplii.  

Nukae nye Kisspeptin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?  

Vidzidzi Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔhawo  

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ: Kisspeptin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, vevietɔ to HPG axis ƒe tɔtrɔ me. Le lã siwo naa no wo viwo gome la, Kisspeptin doa ŋusẽ lãmetsi si ɖea gonadotropin (GnRH) ƒe dodo. Etɔxɛe la, Kisspeptin naa GnRH lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe ʋuʋu to G protein-kadodo ƒe mɔnuwo dzi to eƒe xɔla GPR54 dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le sɔhɛmenɔɣi ƒe gɔmedzedze la, hypothalamic Kisspeptin ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidziɖedzi doa GnRH ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si hã ʋãa pituitary gland be wòaɖe gonadotropins (abe follicle-stimulating hormone FSH kple luteinizing hormone LH) dona. Lãmetsiŋusẽ siawo wɔa dɔ ɖe lãkusiwo dzi tsɔ doa lãkusiwo ƒe tsitsi kple gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe lãmetsiwo ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be wodzea sɔhɛmenɔɣi ƒe tsitsi gɔme ^[1]. .  

Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Tsã ɖe Gonads Dzi: Tsɔ kpe ɖe vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ si mele tẽ o to HPG axis dzi ŋu la, Kisspeptin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe gonads dzi tẽ hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, numekuku siwo wowɔ tso oocytes siwo tso anestrous Tan alẽwo me ŋu ɖee fia be Kisspeptin naa Tan alẽwo ƒe oocytes ƒe tsitsi le vitro nyona ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòdoa oocyte ƒe tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ to domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me. Esia fia be Kisspeptin ate ŋu akpɔ gome le lãkusi ƒe tsitsi le lãkusiwo me dzi kpɔkpɔ me tẽ.  

Nukae nye Kisspeptin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?

Kadodo Kple Neuropeptide Bubuwo: Le hypothalamic arcuate nucleus me la, Kisspeptin ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe hatsotso aɖe li siwo ɖea glutamate, neurokinin B (NKB), kple dynorphin (Dyn) fiana ɖekae. Ahɔhɔ̃meka siawo ɖea dɔwɔwɔ ɖekae si nɔa anyi ɣeaɖewoɣi fiana be woatsɔ aʋã lãmetsiŋusẽ si me ʋu sina tona la ƒe dodo ^[2] . Numekuku siwo wowɔ le nyɔnu sisiblisiwo ŋu ɖee fia be ARN^{KISS} ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ le wo ɖokui si nɔ te ɖe glutamate ƒe kaka to AMPA xɔlawo kple neurokinin B ƒe kaka dzi ŋutɔ, esime mɔxexe ɖe NMDA xɔlawo kple κ-opioid xɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu mekpɔa ŋusẽ aɖeke ɖe ɖekawɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme dzi o ^[3] . Le ŋutsu sisiblisiwo me la, ARN^{KISS} ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ dona tso network ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le vome kloe me le ameha la me, si nɔa te ɖe teƒea ƒe glutamate-AMPA ƒe dzesiwo dzi vevie, eye neurokinin B doa ŋusẽ glutamate-si wotsɔ wɔa ɖekawɔwɔ, esime dynorphin-κ-opioid ƒe gbeɖiɖi le kadodoa me wɔa dɔ abe agbonudzɔƒe ene na ɖekawɔwɔ ƒe gɔmedzedze. Esia fia be kadodo sesẽ siwo le Kisspeptin ahɔhɔ̃mekawo kple ahɔhɔ̃meka bubuwo dome le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me, siwo katã kpɔa lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu dzi ^{[2] .}.

Nutata 1 Histogram siwo ɖe dodokpɔ siwo me calcium nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔ le vome dzɔ le ARN^{KISS} ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo le ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa si me womeʋã o dome le nɔnɔme siwo me womeʋã o me kple le ahɔhɔ̃meka ɖeka ƒe dzodzo zi gbɔ zi ʋɛ kple zi geɖe megbe le CNQX alo neurokinin receptor (NKR) ƒe mɔxenuwo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ kple woƒe anyinɔnɔ megbe la ƒe alafa memamã fia.  

Dzɔtsoƒe: PubMed ^{[3] .}.

Nukae nye ŋgɔyiyi si wowɔ le atikewɔƒewo ƒe numekuku le Kisspeptin ŋu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔlélewo dada me?

Kisspeptin kple Suklidɔ Ƒomevi 2 (T2DM) .  

Glucose ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: T2DM ƒe nɔnɔme veviwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye insulin ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete, insulin ƒe dodo si mesɔ gbɔ o, kple sukli ƒe dzidziɖedzi le ʋu me. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be Kisspeptin ate ŋu aɖɔ sukli ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãme na ame to mɔ vovovowo dzi. Le go ɖeka me la, Kisspeptin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe insulin ƒe seselelãme dzi; le go bubu me la, ate ŋu awɔ dɔ ɖe dɔgboa ƒe ƒukpo β-lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi be wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe insulin ƒe dodo dzi.  

Kisspeptin kple Lolo akpa  

Ŋusẽ ƒe Dadasɔ Kple Nuɖuɖu Zazã ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Zi geɖe la, lolo akpa do ƒome kple ŋusẽ ƒe masɔmasɔ le ŋusẽ si wozãna fũ akpa kple ŋusẽzazã dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ta. Kisspeptin ɖɔa ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ kple nuɖuɖu ƒe nuwɔna ɖo le lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Kisspeptin ƒe dzidziɖedzi ate ŋu aɖe nuɖuɖu ɖuɖu dzi akpɔtɔ le lãwo me, evɔ eƒe ɖeɖefia dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ate ŋu ana wòadzi ɖe edzi, si fia be Kisspeptin nye ŋusẽzazã ƒe ɖoɖowɔla vevi aɖe le lolo akpa ƒe dɔléle dzɔdzɔ me.  

Kisspeptin kple Aklã si Me Ami Meno O (NAFLD) .  

Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Aklã ƒe Tɔtrɔ Ŋu: NAFLD nye aklãdɔ si do ƒome kplikplikpli kple insulin ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔléle, si ƒe dzesi enye aklã me ami si sɔ gbɔ akpa. Kisspeptin kpɔa gome le aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ le lãwo ŋu me la, wokpɔe be Kisspeptin ƒe nudede eme trɔa ami ƒe asitɔtrɔ, dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo, kple oxidative stress le aklã me. Ate ŋu aɖe aklã me ami ƒe ƒuƒoƒo dzi akpɔtɔ to enzyme vevi siwo kpɔa gome le ami ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe gbagbã me ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Kisspeptin ate ŋu atrɔ asi le aklã ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe dzesimɔwo ŋu be wòaɖe dɔdzẽ dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòana NAFLD ƒe ŋgɔyiyi naɖe blewu.  

Kisspeptin kple Polycystic Ovary Dɔléle (PCOS) .  

Vidzidzi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ eve: PCOS nye lãmenugbagbeviwo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔléle si bɔ si ƒe dzesi enye vidzidzi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie kple sukli kple ʋumemi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kuxiwo siaa le dɔnɔ akpa gãtɔ me. Kisspeptin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le PCOS ƒe dɔléle dzɔdzɔ me. Le titina la, eɖɔa hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ɖo be wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe vidzidzi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi le PCOS dɔnɔwo me. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ekpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo me insulin, leptin, kple adiponectin le me, si fia be enye nu vevi aɖe si nana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie le PCOS me.  

Nukae nye Kisspeptin zazã?  

Vidzidzi ƒe Dɔlélewo Dada  

Ƒewuiwo ƒe Tsitsi si Mesɔ O: Kisspeptin le vevie ŋutɔ na sɔhɛmenɔɣi ƒe gɔmedzedze. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be tɔtrɔ siwo va le Kisspeptin-GPR54 ƒe ɖoɖoa me ate ŋu ana sɔhɛmenɔɣi nahe ɖe megbe alo ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ natsi. Kisspeptin dodo tso gota ate ŋu aʋã HPG axis be wòado GnRH kple gonadotropin ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si alé ŋugbedodo me ɖe asi hena sɔhɛmenɔɣi ƒe tsitsi ƒe kuxiwo dada. Le kpɔɖeŋu me ^..  

Fugboe ƒe Dɔlélewo: Le nyɔnuwo ƒe vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖoa me la, Kisspeptin ɖɔa dzinukpɔkpɔ kple azigolo ƒe dodo ɖo. Viɖe si ate ŋu anɔ eŋu le atikewɔwɔ me na fugboe ƒe dɔlélewo abe PCOS ene. To GnRH pulsatile secretion dzi kpɔkpɔ me la, Kisspeptin ate ŋu atrɔ asi le gonadotropin ƒe dodo ŋu be wòana fugboe ƒe tsitsi kple ovulation nanyo ɖe edzi. Dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekukuwo ɖee fia be Kisspeptin nana ŋutilã me gonadotropin ƒe dodo ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ gbɔ wu le dɔnɔ aɖewo siwo ŋu fugboe ƒe kuxi le me, si wɔnɛ be azigolo ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ dzina ɖe edzi ^{[5, 6].}.  

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA): GnRH ƒe ʋuʋudedi si mesɔ o si dona le hypothalamus me gbɔe FHA tsona. Abe GnRH ƒe ɖoɖowɔla si le dziƒo ene la, Kisspeptin le vevie ŋutɔ na FHA dada. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be Kisspeptin-54 dodo na FHA dɔnɔwo doa ŋusẽ gonadotropin (FSH, LH) ƒe dodo nyuie, eye ŋugbedodo le esi be wòagbugbɔ dzinukpɔkpɔ kple vidzidzi aɖo anyi. Esia naa mɔnu yeye siwo woatsɔ ada FHA ^{[6] .}.  

Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔlélewo Dada  

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Numekuku siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa ɖee fia be Kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) ƒe dzesimɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe NAFLD dzi le atikewɔwɔ me. Le sisiblisi siwo nyi nuɖuɖu si me ami sɔ gbɔ ɖo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, aklã ƒe Kiss1r ɖeɖeɖa nana aklã ƒe ʋuʋudedi nu sẽna ɖe edzi, gake KISS1R ƒe ʋuʋu si wodo ŋusẽe kpɔa gbemelãwo ta tso steatosis me eye wòɖea aklã ƒe fibrosis dzi kpɔtɔna le nuɖuɖu si wotsɔ ɖua steatohepatitis (NASH) mice me. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ŋuti numekukuwo ɖee fia be aklã me KISS1R ƒe dzesiwo nana NAFLD ƒe ŋgɔyiyi nyona ɖe edzi to AMPK, si nye ŋusẽdzikpɔkpɔ ƒe molecule vevi aɖe, ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me be wòaɖe ami ƒe dzɔdzɔ dzi akpɔtɔ. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, aklã me KISS1/KISS1R ƒe ɖeɖefia kple Kisspeptin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ me ƒe dzidziɖedzi le NAFLD dɔnɔwo kple mice siwo wona nuɖuɖu si me ami sɔ gbɔ ɖo me ɖee fia be mɔnu aɖe si woatsɔ axe fe ɖe triglyceride ƒe wɔwɔme dzi akpɔtɔ, si wɔe be KISS1R nye taɖodzinu yeye si ŋugbe wodo na NASH dada ^[7]..  

Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Atikewɔwɔ: Ƒumeŋuɖui nye ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dɔléle si bɔ si me vidzidzi ƒe lãmetsiwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ƒu ƒe tsitsi kple eƒe agbɔsɔsɔme dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be Kisspeptin doa ŋusẽ ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe vovototodedeameme eye wòxea mɔ na ƒumeŋuɖuiwo, si naa ƒumeŋuɖui dada le atikewɔnyawo me. Mɔnua ate ŋu abia be woaɖɔ dzesimɔ siwo do ƒome kple ƒu ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu, abe Wnt mɔ kple RANKL-OPG ɖoɖo ene, dzi be woado ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme ɖe ŋgɔ, axe mɔ ɖe ƒu ƒe gbugbɔgaxɔ nu, ana ƒu ƒe kpekpeme nadzi ɖe edzi, eye wòana ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe lãmesẽ nanyo ɖe edzi le ƒumeŋuɖui dɔnɔwo me.  

Nyanuwuwuw

Togbɔ be dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekuku siwo wowɔ tso Kisspeptin ŋu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dada me wɔ ŋgɔyiyi hã la, eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo lɔ nu geɖe ɖe eme siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye sukli ƒe asitɔtrɔ, ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ, aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple vidzidzi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ zi eve.

Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu

Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla

Guzman, S nye agbalẽnyala xɔŋkɔ aɖe le atikewɔwɔ kple agbeŋutinunya me, eye wòdo ƒome kple dɔwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ geɖewo abe Rutgers Yunivɛsiti ƒe Ðoɖo, Ðeviwo ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔƒe si le New Jersey, kple City Yunivɛsiti si le New York (CUNY) Dɔwɔɖoɖo ene. Eƒe numekukuwo ku ɖe Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Lãmenugbagbeviŋutinunya, Vidzidziŋutinunya, kple Obstetrics & Gynecology ŋu. Numekuku ƒe akpa siawo le vevie ŋutɔ na atikewɔwɔ ƒe nukpɔsusu kple dɔdamɔnu ƒe akpawo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, si ɖe eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nunya kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi gbadzaa le atikewɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku me fia.. Guzman, S is listed in the reference of citation [7].

▎ Nyayɔyɔ Siwo Sɔ

[1] Mills E, O'Byrne KT, Comninos A N. Kisspeptin abe Nuwɔna ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ ene[J]. Nusɔsrɔ̃wo le Vidzidzi Atikewɔwɔ, 2019,37 (2): 56-63.DOI: 10.1055 / s-0039-3400239.

[2] Han S. Y., Morris P. G., Kim J. C., kple ame bubuwo. Mɔnu si kisspeptin ahɔhɔ̃mekawo wɔ ɖeka hena pulsatile hormone secretion le ŋutsu mice[J]. Cell Nyatakakawo, 2023, 42 (1): 111914.DOI: 10.1016 / j.celrep.2022.111914.

[3] Morris PG, Herbison A E. Mɔnu si Arcuate Kisspeptin Neuron Synchronization le Acute Brain Slices Tso Nyɔnu Mice [J]. Dɔlékuiwutikewo, 2023,164 (12).DOI: 10.1210 / endocr / bqad167.

[4] Sharma A. Kisspeptin ƒe lolome le Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔléle me[J]. 2023. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmu009.

[5] Tsoutsouki J, Abbara A, Dhillo W. Atikewɔwɔmɔnu yeyewo na kisspeptin[J]. Fifia ƒe Nukpɔsusu le Atikeŋutinunya me, 2022,67:102319.DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2022.102319.

[6] Podfigurna A, Czyzyk A, Szeliga A, kple ame bubuwo. Kisspeptin ƒe Akpa si wòwɔna le Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Hypothalamic Amenorrhea me[M]//Berga SL, Genazzani AR, Naftolin F, et al. Dɔléle Siwo Do Ƒome Kple Dzinukpɔkpɔ: Babla 7: Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology. Cham: Springer Dukɔwo Dome Agbalẽtata, 2019:27-42.DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14358-9_3.

[7] Guzman S, Dragan M, Kwon H, kple ame bubuwo. Aklã ƒe kisspeptin xɔla ƒe taɖodzinu ɖea aklã me ami ƒe dɔléle si menye aha sesẽ o dzi kpɔtɔna le sisiblisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋu me[J]. Dɔnɔdzikpɔƒe ƒe Numekuku ƒe Agbalẽ, 2022,132 (10).DOI: 10.1172 / JCI145889.

NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.  

Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.