▎ Binciken Vilon
Menene asalin bincike na Vilon?
1. Bukatar Gaggawar Bincike Kan Tsufa da Cututtuka
Tare da haɓaka tsarin tsufa na yawan jama'a na duniya, jerin batutuwan da suka shafi tsufa, irin su salon salula, raguwa a cikin aikin nama, da kuma yawan cututtukan cututtuka na geriatric, sun zama matsalolin likita na gaggawa don magance. Senescence na kwayar halitta yana tare da asarar sannu a hankali na ikon kula da homeostasis da gyaran kyallen takarda da suka lalace, yana mai da mahimmanci musamman don nemo abubuwan da za su iya jinkirta aiwatar da yanayin salon salula da haɓaka aikin gyaran nama.
A lokaci guda kuma, manyan cututtuka irin su kansar, metabolism, cututtukan zuciya, da cututtukan hanta suna yin barazana sosai ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Hanyoyin jiyya na al'ada suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke magance waɗannan cututtuka, kuma akwai buƙatar gaggawa don samar da sababbin hanyoyin magani da magunguna. Alal misali, tsofaffi masu fama da ciwon daji suna da rashin haƙuri ga radiotherapy da chemotherapy, kuma maganin ba shi da gamsarwa. Yana da gaggawa don nemo amintattun hanyoyin jiyya na adjuvant. A cikin irin wannan mawuyacin hali, masana kimiyya sun mayar da hankalinsu ga peptides na bioactive, suna fatan samun ci gaba, kuma bincike kan Vilon ya kasance.
2. Ƙarfafa Ci Gaban Bincike akan Bioactive Peptides
Abubuwan Peptide sun kasance a ko'ina cikin rayayyun halittu kuma suna shiga cikin mahimman hanyoyin ilimin lissafi, kamar siginar tantanin halitta, tsarin rigakafi, da tsarin rayuwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin haɓaka fasahohi irin su ilmin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta, an sami gagarumin ci gaba a cikin bincike kan peptides na bioactive.
Masana kimiyya za su iya haɗawa sosai, ware, da gano peptides daban-daban, da zurfafa bincika hanyoyin aikinsu. Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa peptides tare da sassa daban-daban suna da ayyuka daban-daban na ilimin halitta, suna kawo sabon bege don magance matsalolin lafiya da cututtuka. A cikin wannan tsari, masu bincike sun yi nazarin adadi mai yawa na peptides ta hanyoyi irin su babban kayan aiki da kuma tabbatar da aiki. Vilon, azaman dipeptide tare da tsari na musamman da ayyuka masu yuwuwa, sannu a hankali ya shigo cikin ra'ayin mutane.
3. Zurfafa Bincike Kan Hanyoyin Gyaran Nama da Farfaɗowa.
Gyaran nama da farfadowa sune matakai masu mahimmanci don kiyaye ayyukan al'ada na al'ada na kwayoyin halitta da kuma amsawa ga raunin da ya faru. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai raguwa da yawa a cikin fahimtar halin yanzu game da wannan tsari, da kuma yadda za a inganta ingantaccen gyaran nama da sake farfadowa ya zama abin da aka mayar da hankali ga bincike. Kwayoyin karawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyara nama da farfadowa, kuma binciken da aka yi a kan kunna su, yaduwa, da hanyoyin bambance-bambance ya sami kulawa sosai.
Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa kamar haɓakawa da lalata matrix na extracellular da sigina na tsaka-tsaki kuma suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan gyaran nama. A cikin tsarin binciken hanyoyin gyaran gyare-gyaren nama da farfadowa, masu bincike sun gano cewa wasu peptides na iya tsara waɗannan matakai masu mahimmanci. Bisa ga wannan, binciken da aka yi a kan peptides tare da yuwuwar daidaita gyaran nama da sake farfadowa ya ci gaba da zurfafawa. Vilon ya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci na bincike a cikin wannan filin saboda tasirin da zai iya haifar da goyon bayan kunnawa da haɓakawa da kuma daidaita ayyukan fibroblast.
Menene tsarin aikin Vilon?
1. Tasiri akan Chromosomes da Bayyanar Halitta
Inganta Unwinding na Heterochromatin: Nazarin ya nuna cewa Vilon na iya haifar da unwinding (deheterochromatization) na jimlar heterochromatin a cikin ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na tsofaffi [1] . Wannan yana nufin cewa zai iya kunna tsarin kira na ribosomal genes lalacewa ta hanyar deheterochromatization na nucleolar shirya yankin da kuma saki kwayoyin da aka hana saboda condensation na euchromatin yankin don samar da facultative heterochromatin. A lokaci guda, Vilon baya haifar da unwinding na heterochromatin na halitta a kusa da centromere. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa Vilon zai sannu a hankali yana kunna heterochromatin (deheterochromatization) tare da shekaru [1].
2. Matsayin Maganin Cututtuka
Cikakken Jiyya ga Marasa Lafiyar Ciwon daji: A cikin kula da tsofaffin marasa lafiya, Vilon yana cikin tsarin kulawa azaman immunomodulator. Sakamakon bincike na farko ya nuna cewa aikace-aikacen Vilon na iya inganta ƙimar rayuwa na shekaru 2 na marasa lafiya, hana rikice-rikicen bayan tiyata, rikice-rikice masu nisa, sake dawowa, da yaduwar ƙwayar cuta, da haɓaka ingancin rayuwa bayan jiyya mai aiki [2].
Tasirin Antitumor: Gwajin in vitro, Vilon yana da tasirin hanawa na dogaro da kashi akan ci gaban nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku, wato ciwon daji na launi na ɗan adam LOVO, ciwon ciki na ɗan adam MKN45, da kansar hanta na ɗan adam QGY7703, amma ba shi da wani tasiri mai hanawa a jikin ɗan adam na al'ada farin jini [3] . In vivo tumor inhibition experiments show that Vilon has an inhibitory effect on the growth of mouse liver cancer H22, and the effective dose is 15mg・Kg-1. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da babban kashi na 30mg・Kg-1, ƙimar hana ƙari na ƙwayar cutar kansar hanta da aka dasa H22 a cikin mice ya kai fiye da 60% [3].
Tasiri akan Marasa lafiya masu Ciwon sukari: A cikin tsofaffin nau'in marasa lafiya na ciwon sukari na I, Vilon, a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakkiyar jiyya, na iya haɓaka aikin coagulation da aikin hemostasis, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin haɓakar abun ciki na anticoagulants na halitta (antithrombin III da furotin C) da haɓakar fibrinolysis [4] . A lokaci guda, a mafi yawan lokuta, Vilon kuma na iya rage adadin insulin da ake buƙata don daidaita metabolism na carbohydrate. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya rage abun ciki na sel masu taimako na T, T-dogara da ƙwayoyin NK marasa T, daidaita matakan matakan T lymphocytes masu aiki, B lymphocytes, da IgA, kuma yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da aikin hemostasis [4]..
3. Tasiri kan Ayyukan Tantalli da Gabobin
Sake Farfaɗowar Hepatocyte: A cikin ƙirar bera na hanta cirrhosis wanda gubar carbon tetrachloride ya haifar, Vilon yana da wani tasiri akan dawo da ayyukan aiki na hepatocytes da sabuntawar hanta a cikin berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis. Makonni biyu bayan aikace-aikacen miyagun ƙwayoyi, aikin glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) a cikin hanta na berayen tare da cirrhosis na hanta yana raguwa, kuma Vilon na iya ƙaruwa. A cikin berayen da ba a kula da su ba, abubuwan da ke cikin jimillar glycogen da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi da ayyukan G6P har yanzu suna kan matakin pre-cirrhosis. A cikin gwajin gwajin, ayyukan glycogen phosphorylase (GP) da glycogen synthase (GS) a cikin hanta na berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu ba su da bambanci daga ƙimar kulawa. Vilon yana da rauni mai motsa rai akan sake hanta hanta a cikin berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis, wanda aka bayyana azaman jimlar abun ciki na furotin da matakin ploidy a cikin hepatocytes na rukunin berayen na biyu shine 4.7% da 11.5% sama da na rukunin farko bi da bi [5]..
Tasiri akan gabobin Radiyo: Vilon yana haɓaka ayyukan haɓakar thymocytes kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel na hanji, ta haka yana ƙarfafa farfadowar bayan-radiation na mahimman gabobin. Misali, nazarin kan beraye da berayen da suka sami iskar gamma-ray na jiki guda daya (6Gy) sun gano cewa Vilon yana da tasiri akan tsarin halittar thymus, spleen, da duodenum [6]..
4. Matsayi a Matsayin Kwayoyin Halitta
Mahimman hanyoyin da za a ɗaure ga Membrane: Nazarin yanayin yanayin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun nuna cewa duka biyun Vilon (lysylglutamic acid dipeptide) da thymopoietin (Glu-Trp) sun ƙunshi gadojin gishiri na intramolecular a cikin tsarin su, yana rage sassaucin yanayin su. Saboda sarkar gefen aliphatic na Lys, Vilon ya fi sauƙi. An tsara hanyar da za ta yiwu don ɗaurin ligand-receptor na dipeptide zuwa membrane mai ban sha'awa, wato, ɗaure ta hanyar nitrogen da oxygen atom waɗanda ke samar da gadar gishiri [7].
Tasiri akan Bayyanar Protein a cikin Yankin Tsarin Tsarin Nucleolar: Vilon yana ƙarfafawa da hana bayyanar sunadaran cutar kanjamau a cikin sassan tsararrun ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, bi da bi suna haɓaka ko rage samuwar, taro, da jigilar ribosomes zuwa cytoplasm, don haka tantance ƙarfin waɗannan ƙwayoyin furotin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan peptide kuma yana inganta canjin thymocytes zuwa ƙwayoyin fashewa mai yaduwa [8]..
Menene aikace-aikacen Vilon?
1. Anti-tsufa
Ana la'akari da Vilon a matsayin peptide mai saurin tsufa wanda zai iya jinkirta jinkirin salon salula ta hanyar inganta aikin gastrointestinal, haɓaka aikin enzyme, da haɓaka sha na gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma gano Vilon zai iya inganta bayyanar collagen na fata da kuma rage alamun tsufa na fata. Nazarin ya gano cewa peptide KE (Lys-Glu, Vilon) na iya ƙara yawan yanayin magana na collagen 1 a cikin al'adar fibroblasts na fata ta hanyar 83%; Hakanan yana haɓaka yankin magana na sirtuin 6 a cikin al'adun matasa da tsofaffi na fibroblasts fata ta 1.6 da sau 2.6 bi da bi [11].
2. Gyaran Nama da Farfaɗowa
Vilon yana nuna mahimmancin yuwuwar gyara nama da sabuntawa. Zai iya tallafawa kunnawa da yaduwa na sel mai tushe, hanzarta warkar da rauni da gyaran nama. Nazarin ya kuma gano cewa Vilon na iya inganta gyaran fata, hanji, da sauran kyallen takarda ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan fibroblast. Nazarin ya nuna cewa an ƙara dipeptide na roba Vilon zuwa matsakaicin al'ada mai ban sha'awa daga berayen shekaru daban-daban. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa Vilon na iya haifar da kwanciyar hankali na nama, kunna farfadowa da ayyukan aiki na sel, kuma yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan ƙwayoyin berayen tsofaffi, yana nuna cewa Vilon yana da yuwuwar gyara nama [9].
3. Kariya na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
Vilon kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Yana iya inganta aikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar canza tsarin bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin cututtukan koda, inganta haɓakar haɓakar jini.
4. Aikace-aikace a cikin Maganin Ciwon daji
Cikakkun Magani ga Ma'aikatan Ciwon daji na Tsofaffi: A cikin maganin tsofaffin marasa lafiya, Vilon yana cikin tsarin kulawa a matsayin immunomodulator. Misali, a cikin cikakkiyar kulawar tsofaffi marasa lafiya da ciwon daji na dubura da ciwon hanji, sakamakon bincike na farko ya nuna cewa aikace-aikacen Vilon na iya inganta ƙimar rayuwa na shekaru 2 na marasa lafiya, hana rikice-rikice na baya-bayan nan, rikice-rikice masu nisa, sake dawowa, da kumburin ƙari [2].
Ƙimar Haƙuri don Ciwon daji da yawa: Bambancin bayanan da aka haɗa Layers of Networks algorithm (ViLoN) wanda Vilon ya ɗauka shine sabuwar hanyar tushen hanyar sadarwa wacce za a iya amfani da ita don haɗa taswirorin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Dangane da ƙaddamarwar haƙuri, an tabbatar da wannan hanyar akan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan bayanai (bayanin kwayar halitta, methylation, lambar kwafi), kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan haɓakar haƙuri, kuma yana da daidaiton gasa a kowane yanayi. A cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi (adenocarcinoma na dubura: lokuta 90, ciwon daji na esophageal: lokuta 180), haɗa ilimin aikin farko (KEGG, GO) yana da mahimmanci don samun sakamako mai kyau [10].
5. Aikace-aikace a cikin Maganin Ciwon Hanta
Tasiri akan Hanta na berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis: An yi nazarin tasirin shirye-shiryen dipeptide 'Vilon' akan dawo da ayyukan aiki na hepatocytes da farfadowar hanta a cikin berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis. Berayen da ke da hanta cirrhosis wanda gubar tetrachloride na carbon tetrachloride ya jawo na tsawon watanni 4 an ba su Vilon (1.7 micrograms/kg) kuma an yi musu allura kowace rana na kwanaki 5. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa makonni biyu bayan yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, aikin glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), wanda aka rage sau 1.2 a cikin hanta cirrhosis, ya karu a ƙarƙashin aikin Vilon. Vilon yana da rauni mai motsa rai akan sake hanta hanta a cikin berayen tare da hanta cirrhosis, wanda aka bayyana azaman jimlar abun ciki na furotin da matakin ploidy a cikin hepatocytes na rukunin berayen na biyu shine 4.7% da 11.5% sama da na rukunin farko bi da bi [5]..
6. Aikace-aikace a cikin Jiyya na Metabolism
Tasiri a kan tsofaffi masu fama da ciwon sukari: Vilon, a matsayin thymic mimetic, ana amfani da shi azaman maganin adjuvant a cikin cikakkiyar kulawar tsofaffin nau'in masu ciwon sukari na I. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa aikace-aikacen Vilon yana inganta aikin coagulation da aikin hemostasis, wanda aka nuna a matsayin karuwa a cikin abun ciki na anticoagulants na halitta (antithrombin III da furotin C) da kuma ƙarfafa fibrinolysis. A mafi yawan lokuta, Vilon yana rage adadin insulin da ake buƙata don daidaita metabolism na carbohydrate. A lokaci guda kuma, Vilon yana rage abun ciki na sel masu taimako na T, T-dogara da ƙwayoyin NK marasa T, kuma yana daidaita matakan T lymphocytes masu aiki, B lymphocytes, da IgA, yana nuna cewa Vilon yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan tsarin rigakafi da aikin hemostasis [4]..
7. Aikace-aikace a cikin Maganin Raunin Rauni
Tasiri akan Gabobin Radiyo: Abubuwan da ke tattare da vilon da epithalon akan yanayin yanayin aiki na thymus, spleen, da duodenum na berayen da ba su da kyau da berayen da suka karɓi iskar γ-ray na 6Gy guda ɗaya an yi nazari. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa vilon yana haɓaka ayyukan haɓakar thymocytes kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel na hanji, ta haka yana ƙarfafa farfadowar bayan-radiation na mahimman gabobin [6]..
A ƙarshe, a matsayin dipeptide na musamman, Vilon na iya inganta aikin gastrointestinal, jinkirta tsufa, taimakawa wajen gyara nama da farfadowa, da kula da lafiyar zuciya da na koda. Har ila yau yana da tasiri mai kyau a cikin maganin ciwon daji, cututtuka na hanta, metabolism, da raunin radiation.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya Kańduła MM mai bincike ne tare da alaƙa da manyan cibiyoyi masu daraja, ciki har da Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Jami'ar BOKU, BOKU Vienna, Jami'ar Boston, da Jami'ar Johannes Kepler Linz. Bincikensa ya ƙunshi fagage iri-iri, yana nuna gwanintarsa a tsakani. A cikin Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ya ba da gudummawa don haɓaka fahimtar hanyoyin salula da hulɗar kwayoyin halitta.
Ayyukansa a cikin Ilimin Halittu sun haɗa da nazarin tsari da aikin sel, wanda ke da mahimmanci don haɓaka sabbin dabarun warkewa. A cikin Kimiyyar Halittu & Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Kańduła MM ta binciki sababbin hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don magance matsalolin aiki. Bincikensa a Kimiyyar Rayuwa & Magungunan Halittu - Wasu Maudu'ai suna nuna haɗin gwiwarsa tare da manyan hanyoyin dabaru da fasahar da suka wuce iyakokin kimiyyar gargajiya. Bugu da ƙari, aikinsa a cikin Injiniya yana nuna ikonsa na yin amfani da ka'idodin kimiyya zuwa aikace-aikace masu amfani. Ta hanyar bincikensa da yawa, Kańduła MM ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga al'ummar kimiyya, yana tasiri duka ci gaban ka'idoji da aikace-aikace masu amfani a cikin magani da ilmin halitta. An jera Kańduła MM a cikin ambaton ambaton [10].
