Na Cocer Peptides 
29 lā aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
Nānā nui
ʻO ke ake, ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia mai nā kumu like ʻole, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka waiʻona, nā maʻi maʻi viral, a me nā toxins kaiapuni. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia ka pōʻino o ka ate, hiki iā ia ke holomua i ka fibrosis ate, cirrhosis, a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi ate, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi oxidative ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka ate. Ke ʻike ʻia ke ake i nā mea pōʻino, hoʻopau ʻia ke koena ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana oxidative a me nā antioxidant o ke kino, e alakaʻi ana i ka hana nui o nā ʻano oxygen reactive (ROS) a me nā radical manuahi ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku kēia mau radical manuahi ma mua o ko ke kino o ka ʻōnaehana pale antioxidant e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena koʻikoʻi oxidative. Hoʻouka kēia mau radical manuahi nui i nā macromolecules biological o nā pūnaewele ate, e like me nā membrane cell, proteins, a me nucleic acids, ka hopena i ka pōʻino o ka ate, apoptosis, a i ʻole necrosis.
Kiʻi 1 ʻO ka papa hana maʻamau o ke kaumaha oxidative i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā kumu like ʻole i ka maʻi ate.
ʻO Livagen, ma ke ʻano he waiwai me nā waiwai antioxidant hiki ke hoʻēmi i ka pōʻino o ke koʻikoʻi o ka ate ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale antioxidant o ke kino, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ala hou no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha ate.
ʻO ke kuleana o Livagen i ka Antioxidant Stress a me ka ʻeha ʻeha
Hoʻoponopono i ka hana Antioxidant Enzyme
Hoʻonui nui ʻo Livagen i ka hana o nā enzyme antioxidant i loko o ke ake, e like me ka superoxide dismutase (SOD) a me ka glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). ʻO SOD ka lālani pale mua i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale antioxidant o ke kino, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena dismutation o superoxide anion free radical e hana i ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka oxygen, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka superoxide anion free radicals i nā pūnaewele ate. Hoʻohana ʻo GSH-Px i ka glutathione liʻiliʻi (GSH) e hōʻemi i ka hydrogen peroxide i ka wai a me nā lipid peroxides i kā lākou mau waiʻona e pili ana, me ka pale ʻana i ka holomua o ka lipid peroxidation chain reactions a me ka pale ʻana i ka pono o nā membrane cell ate.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā pae Glutathione (GSH).
ʻO GSH kahi antioxidant non-enzymatic koʻikoʻi i loko o ke ake, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis redox intracellular. Hiki iā Livagen ke mālama i nā pae GSH i loko o ke ake ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka synthesis GSH a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i kāna ʻai. ʻAʻole wale ʻo GSH i komo pololei i nā hopena scavenging radical manuahi akā lawelawe pū kekahi ma ke ʻano he substrate no GSH-Px, e hoʻonui ana i kāna hana antioxidant. Ke hoʻokau ʻia ka ate i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, hoʻopau ʻia ka GSH i nā mea nui, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o kona mau pae. Hiki i ka hana a Livagen ke hoʻihoʻi i nā pae GSH, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke pale i ka antioxidant o ke ake a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino o nā hepatocytes.
Kāohi i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea inflammatory
Hoʻopili a hoʻoikaika kekahi i kekahi i ka wā o ka pōʻino o ka ate. Hiki i ka Livagen ke hoʻemi i ka mumū o ka ate ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea inflammatory, a laila e hoʻokō pono ai i kahi hopena antioxidant. ʻO ka Nuklear Factor-κB (NF-κB) kahi kumu transcription koʻikoʻi e pāʻani ana i kahi koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pane inflammatory. Ke hōʻike ʻia ke akepaʻa i nā mea hoʻoulu ʻeha, hoʻāla ʻia ka NF-κB, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻano mea ʻeha like ʻole e like me ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) a me interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Hoʻonui hou kēia mau mea inflammatory i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, e hana ana i kahi pōʻaiʻino. Hiki i ka Livagen ke kāohi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o NF-κB, e hōʻemi i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea inflammatory, a laila e hōʻoluʻolu i ka pōʻino o ka ate a hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha oxidative.
Kiʻi 2 ʻO ka homeostasis redox i loko o ke ake.
Hoʻopau i ka pōʻino o ka lipid peroxidation
ʻO ka lipid peroxidation kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi e hoʻopōʻino ai ke koʻikoʻi oxidative. Hoʻouka ʻo ROS i nā ʻakika momona polyunsaturated ma ka membrane cell, hoʻoulu i nā hopena peroxidation lipid a hoʻoulu i nā huahana peroxidation lipid e like me malondialdehyde (MDA). ʻO kēia mau huahana he cytotoxic, hoʻopau i ke ʻano a me ka hana o nā membrane cell a hoʻopilikia i nā cell ate. ʻO Livagen, ma o kāna mau hopena antioxidant, hiki ke pale pono i nā hopena o ka lipid peroxidation, hoʻemi i nā pae MDA i loko o ka ʻiʻo o ke akepaʻa, hoʻēmi i ka pōʻino o ka membrane cell, a pale i ka hana maʻamau o nā pūpū ate.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Livagen i ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻeha ʻeha
ʻEha ʻĀpepa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau
ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau, ʻo ia kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau maʻamau i ka hana lapaʻau. Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka acetaminophen a me nā lāʻau antituberculosis, hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ate i ka wā e mālama ana i nā maʻi. Hōʻike ʻo Livagen i nā hopena palekana maikaʻi loa i nā ʻano holoholona o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka lāʻau. I loko o kahi ʻano hōʻeha o ka ate i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka acetaminophen, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana me Livagen i hopena i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka serum alanine transaminase (ALT) a me ka aspartate transaminase (AST), e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻeha o ke ake. Hoʻohui hou, hōʻike ka histopathological o ka ʻiʻo o ka ate ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Livagen i nā loli morphological i nā hepatocytes, hoʻemi i ka necrosis hepatocyte, a hoʻemi i ka infiltration cell inflammatory. Hōʻike kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o Livagen i ka waiwai noi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha o ka ate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau a hiki ke lilo i koho hou no ka adjunctive therapy i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka lāʻau.
ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ate ʻona
Hiki i ka inu ʻona nui loa ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ke akepaʻa, e hōʻino nui ana i ka maikaʻi o ke ola a me ke olakino. Hōʻike pū ʻo Livagen i nā hopena pale e kūʻē i ka hōʻeha o ka ate ʻona. I loko o nā hoʻokolohua holoholona o ka ʻeha ʻeha ʻawaʻawa, ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Livagen, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi oxidative i loko o ke ake, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana SOD a hoʻemi i nā pae MDA. Hiki i ka Livagen ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana o nā enzymes e pili ana i ka metabolism waiʻona, e hōʻemi ana i ka hana ʻana o nā radical manuahi i ka wā o ka metabolism waiʻona, a laila e hoʻēmi ana i ka pōʻino o ka ate. Hiki i ka Livagen ke pale i nā pane ʻeha o ke akepaʻa, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae kumu inflammatory, a pale hou aku i ke ake mai ka pōʻino. Hiki iā Livagen ke lilo i lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha o ka ate ʻona.
Ka hopena
Hoʻohana ʻo Livagen i nā hopena koʻikoʻi antioxidant ma o nā hana he nui, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana enzyme antioxidant, ka mālama ʻana i nā pae GSH, ke kāohi ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka inflammatory factor, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka lipid peroxidation, a laila hāʻawi i nā hopena pale i ka pōʻino o ka ate i hana ʻia e nā kumu like ʻole. Hōʻike ia i ka waiwai hoʻohana pono i nā kula e like me ka pōʻino o ka ate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau a me ka pōʻino o ka ate ʻona.
Nā kumu
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[2] Li S, Tan H, Wang N, et al. ʻO ke kuleana o ka Oxidative Stress a me nā Antioxidants i nā maʻi ate [J]. Ka Nupepa International of Molecular Sciences, 2015,16(11):26087-26124.DOI:10.3390/ijms161125942.
[3] Zhang Z, Gao L, Cheng Y, et al. ʻO Resveratrol, he antioxidant kūlohelohe, he hopena pale i ka hōʻeha ate i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻike arsenic inorganic [J]. Biomed Research International, 2014,2014:617202.DOI:10.1155/2014/617202.
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