Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Kpɔɖeŋu bliboa
Ƒumeŋuɖui (OA) nye ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si bɔ si nɔa anyi didi si ƒe dzesi enye ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ, ƒu siwo le ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe tɔtrɔ, kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si gblẽa nu le dɔnɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋu vevie. Esi amewo le tsitsim kabakaba ta la, OA ƒe dzɔdzɔ le dzidzim ɖe edzi, si le agba dem hadomegbenɔnɔ kple ƒomewo dzi.
Nɔnɔmetata 1 Dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ me tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo. Ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe dzesi enye dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si domenɔlae nye dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ŋuɖoɖo siwo wodzina, si trɔna ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu, kple stromal.
Ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ nye afɔɖeɖe vevi aɖe le OA ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me. Le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe ŋutete sue si le eŋu be wòaɖɔ eɖokui ɖo ta la, esesẽna be woada nusiwo gblẽ le wo ɖokui si, si wɔnɛ be dɔlélea va nɔa ŋgɔ yim vivivi. Eyata dzesidede mɔnu nyui siwo woatsɔ adzra ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ siwo gblẽ ɖo va zu nusi ŋu numekukuwo ku ɖo le OA dada me.
Cartalax nye atike si wotsɔa nugbagbeviwo wɔa dɔe koŋ be wòado ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ dzadzraɖo ɖe ŋgɔ. Eƒe wɔwɔme tɔxɛwo toa vovo le numekuku kple ewɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu vovovowo nu, gake zi geɖe la, nu geɖe siwo wɔa dɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me, lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe akpawo, kple nusiwo tsɔa nu nɔa eme. Le esiawo dome la, nugbagbevi siwo wɔa dɔ abe tsitsi ƒe nusi trɔna-β (TGF-β) kple insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi, vovototodedeameme, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe wɔwɔme dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe akpawo abe collagen kple hyaluronic acid naa ŋutilã me kpekpeɖeŋu na chondrocytes eye wokpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wo nɔewo ŋu léle, woƒe ʋuʋu, kple dzesiwo ƒe tɔtrɔ me. Nusiwo wotsɔna tsɔa nuawoe wɔa dɔ tsɔ blaa nugbagbevi siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie eye woléa wo ɖe te, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa dɔ nyuie ɣesiaɣi le abixɔƒea.
Akpa Si Cartalax Wɔna Le Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe Abi Dzadzraɖo Me
(1) Chondrocyte ƒe Dzidziɖedzi Kple Vovototodedeameme Dodo Ðe Ŋgɔ
Nu gbagbe siwo wɔa dɔ le Cartalax me, abe TGF-β kple IGF-1 ene, naa dzesimɔ siwo le lãkusiwo me wɔa dɔ, si doa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam ƒe ŋgɔyiyi ɖe ŋgɔ eye wònana lãkusiwo te ŋu trɔna tso ɖoɖoezizi ƒe akpaa yia dzidziɖedzi ƒe akpaa me. TGF-β blana ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe anyime xɔlawo ŋu be wòana Smad ƒe dzesimɔa nawɔ dɔ, si ɖɔa protein siwo do ƒome kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖo, si wɔnɛ be edoa DNA ƒe wɔwɔme kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe mama ɖe ŋgɔ le chondrocytes me. Gake IGF-1 ya xea mɔ na ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ to PI3K-Akt kple MAPK ƒe dzesimɔwo dzi esime wòdoa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi ɖe ŋgɔ, dzia ʋukawo ƒe xexlẽme ɖe edzi, eye wònaa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si sɔ na ƒunukpeƒewo dzadzraɖo.
Le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me la, ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe nɔnɔme te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe, si ƒe dzesi enye be ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe matrix ƒe akpa siwo le abe ƒomevi II collagen kple proteoglycans ene ƒe wɔwɔme dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, eye ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒomevi I kple matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) ƒe wɔwɔme dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãkusiwo gblẽna. Cartalax ateŋu alé chondrocytes ƒe nɔnɔme si sɔ me ɖe asi to lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzesiwo ƒe tɔtrɔ kple domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi kpɔkpɔ me, léa chondrocytes ƒe nɔnɔme si sɔ me ɖe asi. TGF-β ate ŋu ana SOX9 domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia nadzi ɖe edzi, si nye nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nu vevi aɖe si doa domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖe ŋgɔ na ƒomevi II ƒe collagen kple proteoglycans, si wɔnɛ be chondrocytes ƒe ŋutete be woawɔ ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe matrix ƒe akpa aɖewo koŋ nanɔ anyi. Cartalax ƒe akpa aɖewo ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe MMPwo ƒe ɖeɖefia hã nu, aɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe gbegblẽ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòakpɔ ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãkusi ƒe blibonyenye ta.
(2) Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ
Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo nye ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe akpa vevi aɖe, si koŋ nye collagen, proteoglycans, kple elastic fibers. Cartalax doa lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe akpa siawo ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ to anabolic signaling pathways dɔwɔwɔ le chondrocytes me me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe TGF-β-tomemɔ dzi do ŋgɔ na collagen ƒomevi II kple proteoglycan ƒe wɔwɔme si míeyɔ va yi ŋu la, tsitsinu bubu siwo le Cartalax me, abe fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ene, hã ate ŋu awɔ dɔ aduadu atsɔ aʋã chondrocytes be woawɔ extracellular matrix geɖe wu. FGF doa protein ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe ŋutete ɖe ŋgɔ le chondrocytes me, si doa molecule gãwo abe collagen kple proteoglycans ene ƒe wɔwɔ kple wo ɖeɖe ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be nusiwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki me dzina ɖe edzi eye wònaa ƒunukpeƒe ƒe biomechanical nɔnɔmewo nyona ɖe edzi.
Le ƒunukpeƒe ƒe abi dzadzraɖo me la, lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo nye nusi yia edzi ŋutɔ. Menye ɖeko Cartalax doa lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ ko o, ke eɖɔa eƒe gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa hã ɖo. Ewɔa esia to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) kple woƒe tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) dome dadasɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Cartalax xea mɔ na MMP-wo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si ɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe gbegblẽ fũu akpa dzi kpɔtɔna; edoa TIMPwo ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be woƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe MMPwo dzi dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be wodaa asɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe gbegblẽ dome, si nyo na ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãkusiwo dzadzraɖo kple wo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
(3) Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi
Dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le OA ƒe gɔmedzedze kple eƒe ŋgɔyiyi me. Dɔlékuiwutike aɖewo le Cartalax si eye ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔdzẽ ƒe cytokines ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖo. Le dɔdzẽ ƒe nuto suewo me la, Cartalax ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe dɔlékuiwutike siwo doa alɔ dɔdzẽ abe tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) kple interleukin-1β (IL-1β) ƒe wɔwɔ nu, esime wòdzia dɔlékuiwutikewo abe interleukin-10 (IL-10) ene ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖe dzi, si wɔnɛ be nutoa me ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe dɔdzẽ dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ eye wòana nu suesuesue nyui aɖe nanɔ anyi na ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ dzadzraɖo.
Cartalax Zazã le Ƒumeŋuɖui Dada Me
(1) Lãwo Dodokpɔ Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃wo
Le lãwo dodokpɔwo me la, numekulawo ɖo OA lãwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋu vovovowo, abe rat OA ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) hena vɛ kple rabbit OA model si papain hena vɛ ene, be woatsɔ ada Cartalax ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ dzadzraɖo me kpɔ. Dodokpɔwo me tsonu ɖee fia be le Cartalax ƒe nudede nyawo me megbe la, lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋuti numekuku ɖe ŋgɔyiyi gã aɖe fia le ƒunukpeƒe ƒe ƒunukpeƒe ƒe anyigba ƒe blɔ, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wɔwɔme, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe akpawo me. Woɖe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe dzesi si le dodokpɔ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa me dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, si ɖee fia be Cartalax ɖea ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe nugbegblẽ ƒe sesẽ dzi kpɔtɔna nyuie.
Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo kple molecule biological numekukuwo ɖee fia be ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe dzesi tɔxɛwo ƒe ɖeɖefia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe edzi eye wòɖe nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu abe MMPs ene ƒe ɖeɖefia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔ le ƒuƒoƒo si wotsɔ Cartalax da dɔe me, si gaɖo kpe akpa si wòwɔna le ƒunukpeƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matrix ƒe asitɔtrɔ dzi.
(2) Dɔdaƒe ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Ŋuti Numekuku
Togbɔ be Cartalax gakpɔtɔ le numekuku ƒe afɔɖeɖe me be woazãe le atikewɔnyawo me hã la, woka nya ta tso dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekuku gbãtɔ aɖewo ŋu. Dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si nu mesẽ o va ɖo esi nu mesẽ o le koŋue wozãna na cartalax, vevietɔ amesiwo ŋu woɖo kpee be ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ gblẽ. Le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si le gɔmedzedzea me, afisi ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ gakpɔtɔ le tɔtrɔm le gome la, Cartalax ate ŋu ana dɔlélea nayi edzi blewu nyuie eye wòaɖɔ ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ ɖo to ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe dzidziɖedzi dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ, kple dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me. Woate ŋu azã cartalax hã abe kpeɖeŋutɔ na amekoko, si wozãna le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ alo ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vɔ megbe be wòado ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãkusiwo ƒe dɔyɔyɔ kple edzadzraɖo ɖe ŋgɔ.
Nyanuwuwuw
Kpuie ko la, Cartalax ɖe ŋutete gã aɖe fia le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ dzadzraɖo me le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ dada me. Le dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu ƒe nukpɔsusu nu la, edoa ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ, ewɔa ɖoɖo ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe matriki ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu, eye wòwɔa dɔ si tsi tre ɖe dɔdzẽ ŋu, si wɔnɛ be edzraa ƒunukpeƒe siwo gblẽ ɖo hekpɔa eta tso dzogoe vovovowo dzi.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
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[2] McClurg O, Tinson R, Troeberg L. Taɖodzinu na ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ me[J]. Atikewo, 2021, 14 (2).DOI: 10.3390 / ph14020126.
[3] Tanideh N, Borzooeian G, Lotfi M, kple ame bubuwo. Aɖaŋu yeye si wozãna tsɔ dzraa ƒunukpeƒewo ɖo to P. atlantica zazã kple lãmenugbagbeviwo kple collagen[J]. Lãmenugbagbeviwo, 2021,45 (11): 1405-1421.DOI: 10.1111 / aor.14026.
[4] Na K, Romain K, Mak C, kple ame bubuwo. Atikewɔwɔ na ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ to Amegbetɔ ƒe Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles zazã me: Numekuku siwo wowɔ le vivo me toto ɖe ɖoɖo nu[J]. Liƒowo le Nu Gbagbewo ƒe Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple Nu gbagbewo ƒe Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me, 2020,8:580.DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00580.
[5] Macfarlane E, Seibel MJ, Zhou H. Ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ kple akpa si glucocorticoids siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me wɔna[J]. Ƒu Ŋuti Numekuku, 2020, 8 (1): 33.DOI: 10.1038 / s41413-020-00112-2.
[6] Huang LJ, Chen W P. Astaxanthin ɖea ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ƒe gbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si wodo kpɔ me[J]. Egbegbe Lãmetsiŋutinunya, 2015, 25 (5): 768-771.DOI: 10.3109 / 14397595.2015.1008724.
Adzɔnu si li na numekuku zazã ɖeɖeko:
