By Cocer Peptides 
1 ọnwa gara aga
Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.
Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.
Nchịkọta
Osteoarthritis (OA) bụ ọrịa nkwonkwo na-adịghị ala ala nke ejiri cartilage degeneration mara, nhazi ọkpụkpụ subchondral, na nzaghachi mkpali synovial, na-emebi ụdị ndụ ndị ọrịa nke ukwuu. Site na mmụba nke ịka nká nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ihe omume OA na-arị elu, na-etinye ibu arọ na ọha mmadụ na ezinụlọ.
Ọgụgụ 1 Ntụle nke njirimara ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo nke ogbu na nkwonkwo na osteoarthritis. Ọkpụkpụ rheumatoid bụ usoro mkpali na-ebute site na nzaghachi ebumpụta ụwa, mgbanwe na stromal autoimmune.
Mmebi nke cartilage bụ nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa na ọganihu OA. N'ihi obere ikike ndozi onwe onye nke cartilage, mmebi na-esiri ike ịgwọ onwe ya na mberede, na-eduga n'ọrịa nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ya mere, ịchọpụta ụzọ dị irè maka nrụzi mmebi nke cartilage aghọwo nchọpụta nyocha na ọgwụgwọ OA.
Cartalax bụ biopharmaceutical emebere ka ọ kwalite nrụzi mmebi nke cartilage. Ngwakọta ya dị iche iche na-adabere na nyocha na usoro mmepụta dị iche iche, mana ọ na-enwekarị ọtụtụ ihe bioactive, akụrụngwa matrix extracellular na ihe ndị na-ebu. N'ime ndị a, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka ihe na-agbanwe uto-β (TGF-β) na insulin-dị ka ihe na-eto eto-1 (IGF-1) na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịhazi mmụba cell cartilage, ọdịiche, na njikọ matrix extracellular. Ihe mejupụtara matrix extracellular dị ka collagen na hyaluronic acid na-enye nkwado anụ ahụ maka chondrocytes ma sonye n'ịhazi adhesion cell, mbugharị, na ntụgharị mgbaàmà. Ihe ndị na-ebu ihe na-arụ ọrụ iji kpuchido ma kwado-wepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-ahụ na ha na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị mmerụ ahụ.
Ọrụ Cartalax na Mmezi mmerụ ahụ Cartilage
(1) Ịkwalite Chondrocyte Proliferation na Ịdịiche
Ihe ndị na-akpata bioactive na Cartalax, dị ka TGF-β na IGF-1, na-eme ka ụzọ mgbaàmà dị n'ime chondrocytes, na-akwalite ọganihu cell cell ma na-eme ka chondrocytes nwee ike ịgafe site na oge nkwụsịtụ gaa na oge proliferative. TGF-β na-ejikọta na ndị na-anabata ihe n'elu cell iji mee ka ụzọ akara Smad rụọ ọrụ, na-achịkwa okwu nke protein ndị metụtara okirikiri cell, si otú ahụ na-akwalite njikọ DNA na nkewa sel na chondrocytes. IGF-1, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-egbochi chondrocyte apoptosis site na PI3K-Akt na MAPK ụzọ mgbaàmà mgbe ọ na-akwalite mgbasawanye cell, na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chondrocytes, na-enye ebe nchekwa cellular zuru oke maka ịrụzi cartilage.
N'oge ọganihu nke osteoarthritis, phenotype nke chondrocytes na-adịkarị mfe ịgbanwe, nke e ji mbelata njikọ nke chondrospecific matrix components dị ka ụdị II collagen na proteoglycans, na ụbara njikọ nke ụdị m collagen na matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), na-eduga na cartilage anụ ahụ degeneration. Cartalax nwere ike idowe ụdị phenotype nke chondrocytes nkịtị site n'ịchịkwa mgbanwe mgbaàmà intracellular na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-edobe ụdị phenotype nke chondrocytes. TGF-β nwere ike imezi okwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ SOX9, nke bụ isi ihe ederede na-akwalite mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ụdị II collagen na proteoglycans, si otú ahụ na-ejigide ikike nke chondrocytes iji mepụta ihe matriks akọwapụtara nke cartilage. Ụfọdụ ihe dị na Cartalax nwekwara ike igbochi nkwupụta nke MMP, belata mmebi nke matrix extracellular, ma chebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke anụ ahụ cartilage.
(2) Iwu nke extracellular matrix metabolism
Matriks extracellular bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke anụ ahụ cartilage, nke kachasị mejupụtara collagen, proteoglycans, na eriri na-agbanwe. Cartalax na-akwalite njikọ nke akụrụngwa matrix extracellular ndị a site na ịgbalite ụzọ mgbama anabolic n'ime chondrocytes. Na mgbakwunye na nkwalite mgbasa ozi TGF-β nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nke ụdị collagen II na njikọ proteoglycan, ihe ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na Cartalax, dị ka fibroblast growth factor (FGF), nwekwara ike ime synergistically iji kpalie chondrocytes iji mepụta matrix extracellular. FGF na-akwalite ikike njikọ protein n'ime chondrocytes, na-akwalite njikọ na nzuzo nke nnukwu ụmụ irighiri ihe dị ka collagen na proteoglycans, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ọdịnaya nke matrix extracellular ma na-emeziwanye ihe ndị biomechanical nke cartilage.
N'oge nrụzi mmerụ ahụ cartilage, nhazigharị nke matrix extracellular bụ usoro dị ike. Ọ bụghị nanị na Cartalax na-akwalite njikọ nke matrix extracellular ma na-achịkwa usoro nhazi ya. Ọ na-enweta nke a site n'ịhazi nguzozi n'etiti matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) na anụ ahụ inhibitors (TIMPs). Cartalax na-egbochi ọrụ nke MMPs, na-ebelata oke mmebi nke matrix extracellular; ọ na-akwalite nkwupụta nke TIMP, na-eme ka mmetụta mgbochi ha na MMP dịkwuo elu, si otú ahụ na-eme ka nguzozi dị n'etiti njikọ na mmebi nke matrix extracellular, bụ nke na-eme ka nhazi nke ọma na nhazi nke anụ ahụ cartilage.
(3) Mmetụta mgbochi mkpali
Nzaghachi na-egbuke egbuke na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mmalite na ọganihu nke OA. Cartalax nwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi mkpali ma nwee ike ịhazi okwu nke cytokines mkpasu iwe. N'ime microenvironment na-egbuke egbuke, Cartalax nwere ike igbochi mmepụta nke cytokines pro-inflammatory dị ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) na interleukin-1β (IL-1β), ebe ọ na-eme ka nkwupụta nke cytokines mgbochi na-egbuke egbuke dị ka interleukin-10 (IL-10), si otú ahụ na-eme ka nkwonkwo nkwonkwo na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
Ngwa nke Cartalax na Ọgwụgwọ Osteoarthritis
(1) Ọmụmụ nnwale anụmanụ
N'ime nnwale anụmanụ, ndị nchọpụta guzobere ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche nke OA, dị ka ụdị oke OA nke transection azụ cruciate ligament (ACLT) kpatara na oke bekee OA nke papain kpaliri, iji nyochaa ịdị irè nke Cartalax na nrụzi mmebi nke cartilage. Nsonaazụ nnwale gosiri na mgbe Cartalax tinyechara aka, nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme gosipụtara mmụba dị ukwuu na ire ụtọ n'elu cartilage nkwonkwo, nhazi cellular, yana akụrụngwa matrix extracellular. Akara mmebi nke cartilage dị na otu nnwale belatara nke ukwuu, na-egosi na Cartalax na-ebelata oke mmebi nke cartilage nke ọma.
Nyocha nke immunohistochemical na molecular biological analysis kpughere ọkwa ọkwa dị elu nke ihe nrịbama nke cartilage na mbelata ọkwa nke enzymes na-emebi emebi dị ka MMPs na otu a na-agwọ Cartalax, na-akwadokwa ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite nrụzi cartilage na ịhazi metabolism matrix extracellular.
(2) Nnyocha ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ
Ọ bụ ezie na Cartalax ka nọ n'ọkwa nyocha maka ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ, a kọwo ụfọdụ ọmụmụ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ. A na-egosi Cartalax n'ụzọ bụ isi maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo dị nro ma na-agafeghị oke, ọkachasị ndị nwere mmebi nke cartilage. Maka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo n'oge mbụ, ebe mmebi nke cartilage ka na-agbanwe agbanwe, Cartalax nwere ike ime ka ọrịa kwụsịlata ma rụkwaa mmebi nke cartilage site n'ịkwalite mmụba nke chondrocyte, na-achịkwa metabolism matrix extracellular, na ibelata nzaghachi mkpali. A pụkwara iji Cartalax mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ọgwụgwọ ịwa ahụ, tinye ya mgbe ịwa ahụ arthroscopic ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ nrụzi cartilage iji kwalite ọgwụgwọ na nrụzi nke anụ ahụ cartilage.
Mmechi
Na nchịkọta, Cartalax na-egosipụta ikike dị ịrịba ama n'imezi mmebi nke cartilage na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. Site na usoro ihe omume, ọ na-akwalite mgbasawanye cell cartilage na ọdịiche dị iche iche, na-achịkwa mmepụta nke matrix extracellular, ma na-emepụta mmetụta mgbochi mkpali, si otú a na-edozi ma na-echebe cartilage mebiri emebi site n'ọtụtụ akụkụ.
Isi mmalite
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