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▎ Glutathione ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo
Dzɔtsoƒe: PubChem |
Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo: XCG Molekyulãwo ƒe Mɔfiame: C 10H 17N 3O 6S Molekyulã ƒe Kpekpeme: 307.33g/mol CAS ƒe Xexlẽdzesi: 70-18-8 PubChem ƒe CID: 124886 Nya siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo: L-Glutathione |
▎ Glutathione Ŋuti Numekuku
Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ tso Glutathione ŋu?
Glutathione ƒe kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ kple eƒe wɔwɔme ŋuti nyametsotso
Woke ɖe glutathione ŋu zi gbãtɔ le amɔwɔʋãnu me le ƒe 1888. Le ƒe 1921 me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gakpɔ eƒe atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme. Glutathione nye peptide etɔ̃ si wowɔ to glutamic acid, cysteine, kple glycine ƒe ƒoƒo ƒu to peptide ƒe kadodowo me.
Dɔ vevi siwo wòwɔna le nugbagbewo me la nyanya
Tso ƒe 1930-awo me la, amewo va kpɔe dze sii vivivi be dɔ vevi vovovowo le glutathione si le nugbagbewo me. Ekpɔa gome le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me me, eye wòwɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe liƒo me léle ɖe asi me eye wòkpɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso oxidative ƒe nugbegblẽ me. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, ewɔa akpa vevi aɖe hã le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo abe amino acid ƒe tsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubu kple enzyme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo siawo ɖo nukpɔsusu ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi na glutathione zazã le atikewɔwɔ me.
Numekuku le eƒe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu si atikewɔwɔ me zazã ƒe didiwo ʋã
Esi wosrɔ̃ nu tso glutathione ƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu tsitotsito ta la, asixɔxɔ si woate ŋu azã le atikewɔwɔ me va le dzedzem ɖe edzi. Wozãnɛ tsɔ daa dɔléle vovovowo, abe aklãdɔ kple ŋkudɔ ene, eye ate ŋu anye nusi tsia dzoxɔxɔ nu hã. Be woakpɔ glutathione ƒe didi gã si le atikewɔnyawo me gbɔ la, numekulawo dze woƒe susu tsɔtsɔ ɖe glutathione dzɔtsoƒe nyui siwo li ke ŋu, si na wowɔ numekuku deto le eƒe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu.
Nukae nye Glutathione ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?
Antioxidant ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi
Glutathione (GSH) nye antioxidant nyui aɖe si kpɔa gome le antioxidant takpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me me. Ate ŋu awɔ nu kple oxygen ƒomevi siwo wɔa dɔ (ROS) abe hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ene tẽ eye wòaɖe wo dzi akpɔtɔ woazu nusiwo megblẽa nu le ame ŋu o [1, 2] . Le kpɔɖeŋu me, to glutathione redox ƒe tsatsam me la, glutathione wɔa nu kple H2O2 eye wòtrɔnɛ wòzua tsi, si wɔnɛ be wokpɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso oxidative ƒe nugbegblẽ me. Le esia wɔwɔ me la, wowɔa glutathione wòzua oxidized glutathione (GSSG), gake glutathione reductase si le lãmenugbagbevi me ate ŋu aɖe GSSG dzi akpɔtɔ atrɔ ava GSH, si ana lãmenugbagbevi la ƒe antioxidant ŋutete nanɔ anyi. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, glutathione ate ŋu akpɔ -SH ƒuƒoƒo siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi dzi hã ta, siwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le cation ƒe mɔzɔzɔ kple lãkusi ƒe gege ɖe lãme na ame me. To lãmenugbagbevi -SH ƒuƒoƒoawo ƒe nɔnɔme si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ me léle ɖe asi me la, glutathione kpena ɖe ame ŋu be lãmenugbagbevi ƒe lãkusia li ke eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie [1] ..
Aɖiɖeɖeɖa ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi
Glutathione wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le aɖi ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖoa me. Ate ŋu abla ɖe aɖinuwo ŋu awɔ atike siwo me aɖi mele o alo esiwo me aɖi mele o, si ana woƒe dodo le ŋutilãa me nanɔ bɔbɔe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le aklã me la, glutathione blana ɖe nu gblẽnu vovovowo ŋu eye wòdoa go to ʋumenugbagbeviɣi alo aɖuɖɔ me, si kpɔa aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso aɖi ƒe nugbegblẽ me. Aklãe nye amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa vevitɔ si ɖea aɖi ɖa, eye akpa si glutathione wɔna le eme le vevie ŋutɔ.
Ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi
Dɔ vevi aɖewo le glutathione ŋu le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le macrophages, dzɔdzɔme lãmenugbagbevi siwo wua ame, kple T lãmenugbagbeviwo me la, ate ŋu aɖɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, woƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, cytokine ƒe dodo si sɔ, redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple free radical ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖo [3] . Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le avuwɔwɔ kple dɔlékuiwo kple ŋutilã ƒe lãmesẽ me léle ɖe asi me. Glutathione doa ŋusẽ ŋutilã ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete to lãmenugbagbevi siawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Glutathione ateŋu ana redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nali ke, atrɔ cytokine ƒe nɔnɔme ɖe Th1-ƒomevi ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ŋu, eye wòana T lymphocytes ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be wòawɔ akpa vevi aɖe le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple antioxidant takpɔkpɔ me [3] . Th1-ƒomevi ƒe cytokines kpɔa gome le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ŋuɖoɖo siwo lãmenugbagbeviwo tona ɖe dɔlékuiwo abe dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo, kple dɔdzẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu me koŋ. Glutathione doa ŋusẽ ŋutilã ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋutete to cytokines ƒe dadasɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me.
Ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe vidzidzi ƒe ɖoɖoa dzi
Glutathione wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lã siwo naa no wo viwo ƒe ŋutsu kple nyɔnu ƒe dɔlékui lãmenugbagbeviwo me kpakple le fugboe ƒe tsitsi ƒe gɔmedzedze. Le ŋutsu kple nyɔnu ƒe gametewo me la, GSH kpɔa gome le lãmenugbagbevi siawo takpɔkpɔ tso oxidative damage me [4] . Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le tsinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔ me la, glutathione ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna vivivi, gake le oocyte ƒe tsitsi me la, gonadotropins ye kpɔa glutathione ƒe wɔwɔme dzi, eye eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ hã trɔna. Glutathione do ƒome kple oocyte ƒe meiotic spindle ƒe nɔnɔme me léle ɖe asi hã. Le vidzidzi megbe la, ewɔa akpa nyui aɖe le ŋutsu ƒe pronucleus ƒe wɔwɔme kple fugboe gbãtɔ ƒe tsitsi va ɖo blastocyst ƒe afɔɖeɖe me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, cumulus lãmenugbagbeviwo hã wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le glutathione ƒe wɔwɔme me.
Dzɔtsoƒe:PubMed [9] .
Nukae nye Glutathione zazã?
Dɔwɔwɔ le ahatsunono ƒe aklãdɔléle me
Ahatsunono ƒe aklãdɔ (ALD) nye dɔléle sesẽ aɖe si ƒe dzesi enye oxidative stress sesẽ. Ahanono atraɖii ate ŋu ahe oxidative stress kple inflammation vɛ, si agblẽ nu le aklã me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu. Glutathione (GSH), si nye peptide etɔ̃ si me γ-glutamylcysteineglycine le eye sulfhydryl ƒuƒoƒo aɖe le eme, kpɔa gome le redox ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me eye wònye free radical scavenger vevitɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Le aklã me la, GSH ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ sɔ gbɔ vie, gake le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ALD le gome la, eƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, si wɔnɛ be nɔnɔmea gagblẽna ɖe edzi. GSH dodo ɖe ʋuka me ɖe nu nyuiwo fia le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ALD le ŋu, si ate ŋu ana aklã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi eye wòaɖe fibrosis ƒe dzesiwo dzi akpɔtɔ [5]..
Akpa si wòwɔna le tsitsi hehe ɖe megbe me
Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le vome, si me wozã atike eve le, si me wozã atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee, si sɔ kple wo nɔewo, si me wozã alɔ etɔ̃ le le nyɔnu siwo le lãmesẽ me ŋu me la, zi geɖe la, melanin ƒe dzesi kple teƒe siwo ƒe amadede nye ultraviolet le amesiwo no GSH alo GSSG ƒe mo kple alɔnu la bɔbɔna wu esiwo le atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa me. Le nuto aɖewo me la, amesiwo no GSH ƒe flitete dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, eye ne wotsɔe sɔ kple placebo ƒuƒoƒoa la, GSH kple GSSG ƒuƒoƒoawo ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tete ɖe edzi ɖee fia be wole dzidzim ɖe edzi. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be glutathione kpɔa ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tsitsi hehe ɖe megbe dzi [6]..
Dɔwɔwɔ le Parkinson ƒe dɔlélea me
Parkinson ƒe dɔléle (PD) nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be glutathione (GSH) ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ aɖe ɖe PD dzi le atikewɔwɔ me. To nyatakakadzraɖoƒe geɖewo didi ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple meta-kuxiwo me dzodzro me la, wokpɔe be vovototo gã aɖe le akɔntabubu nu le Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III me le GSH kple ƒuƒoƒo si me wokpɔa wo gbɔ le dome, eye vovototo gã aɖe le glutathione peroxidase hã me. Gake vovototo aɖeke menɔ ƒuƒoƒo eveawo dome le akɔntabubu nu le UPDRS I kple UPDRS II ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo kpakple woƒe nugbegblẽ le ame ŋu gome o. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ƒuƒoƒo suewo me dzodzro ɖee fia be agbɔsɔsɔme si wozã (300mg tsɔ wu 600mg) nye nusi kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe UPDRS III dzi. Esia ɖee fia be GSH ate ŋu ana PD ƒe motor scores nanyo ɖe edzi vie evɔ madzi nu gbegblẽwo ƒe dzɔdzɔ ɖe edzi o [7]..
Dɔwɔwɔ le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me
Mɔxexe ɖe dzitodzito me dɔlélewo nu
Le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo abe dzitodzito me ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu, dzitodzito ƒe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ, kple ʋusɔgbɔdɔ me la, dzitodzito me dɔléle geɖe hea oxidative stress ƒe nɔnɔme vɛ le woƒe tsitsime, si wɔnɛ be dɔnɔwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo gblẽna, si do ƒome kple reactive oxygen species (ROS) kple reactive nitrogen species (RNS) wɔwɔ. Glutathione si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ (GSH), abe antioxidant vevi aɖe ene, ate ŋu akpɔ gome le nusiwo wɔa dɔ siawo ƒe oxidation nutsitsi me. Wowɔa GSH le dzi kple aklã me eye wòle vevie ŋutɔ le mɔxexe ɖe ROS ƒe nugbegblẽ le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo ŋu alo edzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me [8]..
Le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me
Glycine ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si bɔbɔ ɖe ʋu me do ƒome kple dzitodzito me dɔlélewo (CVD). Numekukuwo ɖee fia be glycine ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ate ŋu ana ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu nadzi ɖe edzi, evɔ glycine ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu ana wòagbɔdzɔ. DT-109, si nye atike si wotu ɖe glycine dzi eye wòɖea ami dzi kpɔtɔna/ɖea sukli dzi kpɔtɔna zi eve, kpɔa ame ta vevie tso ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu me. Numekuku siwo wowɔ le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu dzitodzito me dɔléle le, ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona, kple macrophages ŋu ɖee fia be glycine wɔa akpa aɖe le dɔlékuiwo me le ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu me, eye atikewɔwɔ si wotu ɖe glycine dzi ate ŋu aɖe ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu dzi akpɔtɔ to antioxidant ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi si hea glutathione biosynthesis vɛ me [9]..
Dɔwɔwɔ le ŋkudɔlélewo nu tsitsi kple wo dada me
Mɔxexe ɖe ŋkudɔléle nu kple edada
Le ŋkudɔdada me la, woate ŋu azã glutathione atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe ŋkudɔléle nu kple edada. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be ŋkudɔ ƒe dzɔdzɔ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple oxidative damage le lens me. Abe antioxidant ene la, glutathione ate ŋu aɖe ŋusẽ si oxidative gblẽna le ŋkumeɖonu ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòana ŋkumeɖonua nawɔ dɔ nyuie. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le numekuku aɖe me la, wokpɔe be ŋkumeɖonu siwo me glutathione le zazã atsɔ ada ŋkudɔlélawo ɖea ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe keklẽ dzi kpɔtɔna eye wònana nukpɔkpɔ nyona ɖe edzi vaseɖe afi aɖe [10]..
Mɔxexe ɖe ŋku ƒe dɔléle nu kple edada
Retinopathy nye ŋkudɔ si bɔ, eye eƒe dzɔdzɔ do ƒome kple nusiwo abe oxidative stress kple inflammatory response ene. Glutathione ate ŋu to eƒe antioxidant ŋusẽ dzi aɖe ŋku ƒe lãkusi ƒe oxidative ƒe nugbegblẽ dzi akpɔtɔ, axe mɔ ɖe dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo nu, eye wòato esia me akpɔ ŋku ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ta. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, glutathione ate ŋu ado ŋku ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ hã eye wòana ŋku ƒe ŋkume ƒe ŋutete be wòaɖɔ eɖokui ɖo [10] ..
Dɔwɔwɔ le lãmekawo ƒe dɔléle si nye multiple sclerosis me
Le lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu sesĩe me la, ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe gbegblẽ do ƒome kple oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) nye atike nyui aɖe si wozãna le nu me eye woɖo kpe edzi be eɖea dɔlélea ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple eƒe ŋgɔyiyi dzi kpɔtɔna le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu dɔléle si nye multiple sclerosis si gbugbɔna va yina la me. DMF ate ŋu ana transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nawɔ dɔ, si ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe antioxidant glutathione (GSH) vevitɔ ƒe wɔwɔme nadzi ɖe edzi eye wòkpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ta le vitro. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be DMF doa glutathione reductase (GSR) ɖe ŋgɔ nyateƒe, si wɔnɛ be glutathione ƒe gbugbɔgazã dzina ɖe edzi to GSR dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me [6]..
Dɔwɔwɔ le Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea me
Le Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea me la, wobua amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) be enye nu vevi siwo hea Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle (AD) vɛ la dometɔ ɖeka. Ferroptosis nye oxidative cell death mechanism yeye si wonya si do ƒome kple AD vevie. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) ɖea vi le nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me le AD kple sisiblisi tsitsiwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be TSG tsi tre ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aɖi ku si Aβ hena vɛ ŋu to protein kple enzyme siwo do ƒome kple ferroptosis le APP/PS1 mice me dzi kpɔkpɔ me, eɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe oxidative stress kple inflammatory damage dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòdoa GSH/GPX4/ROS kple Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling paths ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, TSG ɖea dzesi siwo do ƒome kple ferroptosis ƒe ɖeɖefia hã dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòdoa ŋutete si le ame si be wòatsi tre ɖe oxidative stress ŋu la ɖe ŋgɔ [11]..
Kpekpeɖeŋunadɔdamɔnu na gbɔgbɔmedɔlélewo
Atikewɔwɔ kpeɖeŋutɔ na aklãdɔléle si xea mɔ na aklãdɔ si nɔa anyi didi (COPD) .
Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu aklãdɔléle si xea mɔ na dɔléle si nɔa anyi didi le gome la, yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe dɔdzẽ kple oxidative stress nye nu vevi siwo hea dɔlélea ƒe ŋgɔyiyi vɛ. Glutathione ate ŋu aɖe yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo ƒe dɔdzẽ dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòana gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi to eƒe antioxidant ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi me. Ate ŋu aɖe free radicals le yaƒoƒomɔ̃a me, aɖe oxidative stress ƒe nugbegblẽ le yaƒoƒomɔ̃a ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòato esia me aɖe yaƒoƒomɔ̃a ƒe dɔdzẽ dzi akpɔtɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, glutathione ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã ɖo eye wòana ŋutilãa nate ŋu anɔ te ɖe dɔlékuiwo nu [12] ..
Dɔwɔwɔ le ƒukpowo ƒe dɔlélewo me
Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ƒukpodzidɔlélewo le kple suklidɔlélawo ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔlélawo gome la, woda glutathione reductase kple glutathione peroxidase kpɔ. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be le dɔléle sia me la, oxidants kple antioxidants ƒe sɔsɔme ƒe masɔmasɔ ate ŋu atso nɔnɔmea gbɔ [13]..
Abe tripeptide ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si me glutamic acid, cysteine, kple glycine le ene la, glutathione wɔa akpa vevi vovovowo le nugbagbewo me, abe antioxidant ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, aɖi ɖeɖeɖa, dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe vidzidzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ene. Tso esime woke ɖe eŋu, esi numekukuwo le goglom ɖe edzi la, wote gbe ɖe asixɔxɔ si le eŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu le atikewɔwɔ me dzi ɣesiaɣi, si ɖe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuiwo fia le dɔléle vovovowo dada alo mɔxexe ɖe enu me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ahatsunono ƒe aklãdɔ, Parkinson ƒe dɔléle, dzitodzito me dɔlélewo, kple ŋkudɔlélewo. Togbɔ be womegaku nu me yi ŋgɔe le alesi wozãa wo dometɔ aɖewoe kple alesi wògblẽa nu le dɔléle aɖewo ŋui ŋu tsitotsito o hã la, glutathione le vevie ŋutɔ le ŋutilã ƒe lãmesẽ me léle ɖe asi kple mɔxexe ɖe dɔlélewo nu kple wo dada me.
Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu
Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.
Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla
Rom O nye numekula bibi aɖe si do ƒome kple dɔwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ geɖe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Louisiana Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti ƒe Lãmesẽŋutinunya Dɔwɔƒe si le Shreveport, Louisiana Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti ƒe Ðoɖo, Pittsburgh Yunivɛsiti, kple Michigan Yunivɛsiti. Wotsɔ eƒe dɔa do ƒome kple dɔwɔƒe xɔŋkɔwo abe Lsuhs Shreveport kple Michigan Med, si ɖe eƒe gomekpɔkpɔ vevie le sukudede kple atikewɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme veviwo me fia.
Rom O ƒe numekuku ƒe didiwo keke ta le nyati vovovowo me. Eƒe nunya le Dzitodzito ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo & Dzidɔŋutinunya, Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, kple Gastroenterology & Hepatology ƒe akpawo me. Esi wònye be eƒe dɔa ku ɖe nusɔsrɔ̃ ƒe akpa sesẽ siawo ŋu ta la, ewɔ akpa aɖe le sidzedze kple gɔmesese ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me le atikewɔwɔ ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe alɔdze vevi siawo me.is listed in the reference of citation [9].
