Glutathione 600 mg

▎ Ọdịdị Glutathione

Isi mmalite: PubChem

Usoro: XCG Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ: C 10H 17N 3O 6S Arọ molekụla: 307.33g/mol Nọmba CAS: 70-18-8 PubChem CID: 124886 Nkọwa okwu: L-Glutathione

▎ Nnyocha Glutathione

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke Glutathione?

Nchọpụta na mkpebi nhazi nke glutathione

Achọpụtara Glutathione na yist nke mbụ na 1888. N'afọ 1921, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtakwara n'usoro kemịkal ya. Glutathione bụ tripeptide kpụrụ site na condensation nke glutamic acid, cysteine, na glycine site na njikọ peptide.

Nkwenye nke ọrụ dị mkpa ya na ntule

Kemgbe 1930s, ndị mmadụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọta na glutathione nwere ọrụ dị mkpa dị iche iche na ntule. Ọ na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume redox n'ime sel, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado nkwụsi ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi intracellular na ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi oxidative. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro physiological dịka njem amino acid na nhazi ọrụ enzyme. Nchọpụta ndị a etinyela ntọala usoro maka itinye glutathione na ngalaba ahụike.

Nnyocha na isi mmalite ya sitere na ngwa ahụike chọrọ

Site na nyocha miri emi nke ọrụ physiological nke glutathione, uru ya nwere ike itinye n'ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike aghọwo ihe a ma ama. A na-eji ya agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka ọrịa imeju na ọrịa anya, ma nwee ike ije ozi dị ka ihe na-akpata antioxidant. Iji gboo nnukwu ọchịchọ maka glutathione na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ, ndị nchọpụta amalitela ilekwasị anya n'ịchọgharị nke ọma na isi mmalite nke glutathione, nke mere ka nyocha miri emi na isi mmalite ya.

Kedu ihe bụ usoro nke Glutathione?

Mmetụta antioxidant

Glutathione (GSH) bụ antioxidant dị irè nke na-ekere òkè na usoro nchebe antioxidant n'ime sel. Ọ nwere ike meghachi omume ozugbo na ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) dị ka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ma belata ha n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ ^{[1, 2]} . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na okirikiri glutathione redox, glutathione na-emeghachi omume na H₂O₂ ma gbanwee ya na mmiri, si otú a na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi oxidative. Na usoro a, glutathione bụ oxidized na oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ma glutathione reductase na cell nwere ike ibelata GSSG azụ na GSH, na-ejigide ikike antioxidant nke cell. Na mgbakwunye, glutathione nwekwara ike ichebe otu -SH na akpụkpọ ahụ cell, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njem cation na akpụkpọ ahụ. Site n'ịkwado ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ -SH dị ntakịrị, glutathione na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike na ọrụ nkịtị nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell ^[1]..

Mmetụta nkwụsịtụ

Glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nsị. Ọ nwere ike jikọta na nsị iji mepụta ogige ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, na-eme ka nsị ha si na ahụ pụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na imeju, glutathione na-ejikọta na ihe dị iche iche na-emerụ ahụ ma na-esi na bile ma ọ bụ mmamịrị pụta, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ imeju site na mmebi nke nsị. Imeju bụ akụkụ bụ isi na-emebi ahụ mmadụ, ọrụ glutathione na ya dịkwa oke mkpa.

Mmetụta na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ

Glutathione nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na sel ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na macrophages, mkpụrụ ndụ na-egbu anụ, na mkpụrụ ndụ T, ọ nwere ike ịhazi ọrụ cell, metabolism, ntọhapụ cytokine kwesịrị ekwesị, ọrụ redox, na ọkwa radical free ^[3] . Mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịlụso ọrịa nje ọgụ na ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike nke ahụ. Glutathione na-eme ka ikike ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ dịkwuo elu site n'ịhazi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a. Glutathione nwere ike ime ka ọrụ redox guzosie ike, gbanwee profaịlụ cytokine gaa na nzaghachi ụdị Th1, ma kwalite ọrụ nke lymphocytes T, si otú a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi usoro mgbochi na nchebe antioxidant ^[3] . Ụdị cytokines nke Th1 na-etinye aka na nzaghachi mgbochi mgbochi nke cell megide nje dị ka nje, nje bacteria, na cell tumor. Glutathione na-akwalite ikike nchebe nke ahụ site na ịhazi nguzozi nke cytokines.

Mmetụta na usoro ọmụmụ

Glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpụrụ ndụ germ nwoke na nwanyị nke mammals yana n'oge mmalite nke mmepe embrayo. N'ime nwoke na nwanyị gametes, GSH na-etinye aka n'ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a site na mmebi oxidative ^[4] . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge spermatogenesis, ntinye nke glutathione ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, ebe n'oge oocyte maturation, gonadotropins na-achịkwa njikọ nke glutathione, na ntinye ya na-agbanwekwa. Glutathione nwekwara njikọ na idowe ọdịdị ọdịdị nke spindle meiotic nke oocyte. Mgbe fatịlaịza gachara, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mma n'ịmepụta pronucleus nwoke na mmepe nke ẹmbrayo n'oge ruo na ọkwa blastocyst. Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ndụ cumulus na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na njikọ nke glutathione.

Isi mmalite: PubMed ^[9]

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa Glutathione?

Ngwa na ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu

Ọrịa imeju na-aba n'anya (ALD) bụ ọrịa siri ike nke nrụgide oxidative siri ike mara. Iji mmanya na-egbu oge eme ihe nwere ike ịkpalite nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt, na-emebi mkpụrụ ndụ imeju. Glutathione (GSH), tripeptide nke mejuputara γ-glutamylcysteineglycine ma nwee otu sulfhydryl, na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume redox na ọ bụ isi ihe na-eme ka radical free n'ime sel. N'ime imeju, mkpokọta GSH dị oke elu, mana na ndị ọrịa nwere ALD, ọkwa endogenous ya na-ebelata, na-eme ka ọnọdụ ahụ ka njọ. Mgbakwunye nke imeju nke GSH egosila ezigbo nsonaazụ na ndị ọrịa nwere ALD, nke nwere ike imezi ọrụ imeju na ibelata akara fibrosis ^[5]..

Ọrụ na-egbu oge ịka nká

N'ihe na-enweghị usoro, onye kpuru ìsì abụọ, ebe a na-achịkwa ebebo, ihe yiri ya, ọmụmụ aka atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụike, akara melanin na ultraviolet na ihu na ogwe aka nke ndị na-ewere GSH ma ọ bụ GSSG na-adịkarị ala karịa ndị nọ na placebo. N'ebe ụfọdụ, wrinkles nke isiokwu ndị na-ewere GSH belatara nke ukwuu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị otu placebo, ngbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ nke ndị GSH na GSSG gosipụtara ọganihu nke mmụba. Ọmụmụ ihe a na-egosi na glutathione nwere mmetụta dị mma na igbu oge ịka nká ^[6]..

Ngwa na ọrịa Parkinson

Ọrịa Parkinson (PD) bụ nsogbu akwara ozi. Nnyocha egosiwo na glutathione (GSH) nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ụfọdụ na PD. Site na nyocha nhazi nke otutu ọdụ data na meta-analysis, a chọpụtara na e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III n'etiti GSH na otu njikwa, na e nwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche dị na glutathione peroxidase. Agbanyeghị, enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu abụọ ahụ na akara UPDRS I na UPDRS II yana n'ihe gbasara mmetụta. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nyocha nke obere otu gosiri na dose ahụ (300mg vs. 600mg) bụ ihe na-emetụta UPDRS III. Nke a na-egosi na GSH nwere ike imeziwanye ọnụọgụ moto nke PD na-abawanye na-abawanye na omume ọjọọ ^[7].

Ngwa na ọrịa obi

Mgbochi nke ọrịa obi

N'ọrịa obi dị ka mgbachi akwara obi, ọrịa obi hypertensive, na ọrịa strok, ọtụtụ ọrịa ọrịa obi na-emepụta ọnọdụ nke nrụgide oxidative n'oge mmepe ha, na-eduga ná njọ nke ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa, nke metụtara mmepụta nke ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS) na reactive nitrogen ụdị (RNS). Mbelata glutathione (GSH), dị ka antioxidant dị mkpa, nwere ike isonye n'imebi oxidation nke ihe ndị a na-emeghachi omume. A na-emepụta GSH n'ime obi na imeju, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa maka igbochi ma ọ bụ ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ROS na ọrịa obi ^..

Na ọrịa obi

A na-ejikọta ọkwa glycine na-ekesa ala na ọrịa obi (CVD). Nnyocha achọpụtala na ụkọ glycine nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke atherosclerosis, ebe mgbakwunye glycine nwere ike ime ka ọ daa mbà. DT-109, ihe mejupụtara glycine nke nwere ihe abụọ na-ebelata lipid / mbelata glucose, nwere mmetụta nchebe dị ukwuu megide atherosclerosis. Nnyocha e mere na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa obi obi, ụmụ oke atherosclerotic, na macrophages egosila na glycine na-arụ ọrụ pathogenic na atherosclerosis, na ọgwụgwọ glycine nwere ike ibelata atherosclerosis site na mmetụta antioxidant nke ịkpata glutathione biosynthesis ^[9]..

Ngwa na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa anya

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke cataracts

Na ophthalmology, enwere ike iji glutathione maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke cataracts. Nnyocha egosiwo na ihe omume cataracts nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmebi oxidative na oghere. Dị ka antioxidant, glutathione nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke mmebi oxidative na mkpụrụ ndụ oghere ma nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke oghere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ọmụmụ ihe, a na-ahụ iji ọgwụ anya nke nwere glutathione na-agwọ ndị ọrịa cataract iji belata ogo oghere oghere ma melite ọhụụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ ^[10]..

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke retinopathy

Retinopathy bụ ọrịa anya na-ahụkarị, ihe omume ya na-emetụtakwa ihe ndị dị ka nrụgide oxidative na nzaghachi mkpali. Glutathione nwere ike, site na mmetụta antioxidant ya, belata mmebi oxidative nke anụ ahụ retina, na-egbochi nzaghachi mkpali, wee si otú ahụ chebe mkpụrụ ndụ retinal. Na mgbakwunye, glutathione nwekwara ike ịkwalite ọrụ metabolic nke mkpụrụ ndụ retina ma kwalite ikike nrụzi onwe nke retina ^[10]..

Ngwa na otutu sclerosis

Na otutu sclerosis, mmebi nke neuronal metụtara nrụgide oxidative. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) bụ nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọnụ dị irè ma gosipụta ya iji belata ọrụ ọrịa na ọganihu na ndị ọrịa nwere nlọghachi azụ-na-ahapụ multiple sclerosis. DMF nwere ike rụọ ọrụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), na-eduga n'ịba ụba na njikọ nke glutathione antioxidant isi (GSH) ma nwee mmetụta neuroprotective dị ịrịba ama na vitro. Nnyocha achọpụtala na DMF na-ebute glutathione reductase (GSR), na-amụba imegharị glutathione site n'ịkwalite GSR ^[6]..

Ngwa na ọrịa Alzheimer

Na ọrịa Alzheimer, a na-ewere amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na-ebute ọrịa Alzheimer (AD). Ferroptosis bụ usoro ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ oxidative a mapụtara ọhụrụ nke nwere nnukwu njikọ na AD. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) bara uru na iwepu mmụta na ebe nchekwa na AD na ụdị òké ochie. Nnyocha achọpụtala na TSG na-eguzogide ọnwụ neurotoxic nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara nke Aβ kpatara site n'ịchịkwa protein na enzymes metụtara ferroptosis na ụmụ oke APP / PS1, na-ebelata nrụgide oxidative cellular na mmebi mkpali, ma na-akwalite nkwalite nke GSH / GPX4 / ROS na Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE ụzọ akara. Na mgbakwunye, TSG na-ebelata ngosipụta nke nrịbama metụtara feroptosis ma kwalite ikike iguzogide nrụgide oxidative ^[11]..

Adjuvant ọgwụgwọ maka iku ume ọrịa

Adjuvant ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala obstructive pulmonary (COPD)

Maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-adịghị ala ala, nsị ikuku na nrụgide oxidative bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eduga n'ọganihu nke ọrịa ahụ. Glutathione nwere ike belata mbufụt nke ikuku ma melite ọrụ iku ume site na mmetụta antioxidant ya. Ọ nwere ike ịchụpụ radicals n'efu n'ụzọ ikuku, belata mmebi nke nrụgide oxidative na sel epithelial ikuku, wee si otú ahụ belata mbufụt nke ikuku. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, glutathione nwekwara ike ịhazi ọrụ ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ma mee ka ahụ na-eguzogide ọrịa nje ^[12].

Ngwa na ọrịa nke agwaetiti

N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa islet na ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga ọbara, a na-enyocha glutathione reductase na glutathione peroxidase. Nnyocha egosiwo na na ọrịa a, enweghị ahaghị nhata na oke nke oxidants na antioxidants nwere ike jikọta ya na ọnọdụ ahụ ^[13]..

Dị ka ihe mejupụtara tripeptide nke mejupụtara glutamic acid, cysteine, na glycine, glutathione na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ, dị ka ọrụ antioxidant, detoxification, nchịkwa mgbochi, na mmetụta na usoro ọmụmụ. Ebe ọ bụ na achọpụtara ya, na nyocha miri emi nke nyocha ya, a na-egosipụtakarị uru ngwa ya na ngalaba ahụike, na-egosi mmetụta dị mma na ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrịa imeju mmanya na-egbu egbu, ọrịa Parkinson, ọrịa obi, na ọrịa anya. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro nke ngwa ụfọdụ na nkọwa nke mmetụta ya na ọrịa ụfọdụ ka na-anọgide na-enyochakwu, glutathione bụ ihe dị mkpa na-echekwa ahụike nke ahụ na igbochi na ịgwọ ọrịa.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Rom O bụ onye nyocha rụzuru nke ọma jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama, gụnyere Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center na Shreveport, Louisiana State University System, University of Pittsburgh, na Mahadum Michigan. Ejikọtala ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ama ama dịka Lsuhs Shreveport na Michigan Med, na-egosipụta itinye aka ya na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ na ahụike.

Mmasị nchọcha Rom O gbasara n'ụdị isiokwu dị iche iche. Ọkachamara ya dabere na ngalaba nke Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, na Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Site n'ọrụ lekwasịrị anya n'akụkụ ọmụmụ ihe ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya, o nyela aka n'ọganihu nke ihe ọmụma na nghọta na ngalaba ndị a dị oke egwu nke sayensị ahụike. edepụtara na ntụaka nke ntụaka [9].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Reddy V N. Glutathione na ọrụ ya na lens-nleba anya.[J]. Nnyocha anya nnwale, 1990,50 (6):771-778.DOI:10.1016/0014-4835(90)90127-G.

[2] Sinha R, Sinha I, Calcagnotto A, et al. Mgbakwunye ọnụ na liposomal glutathione na-ebuli ụlọ ahịa glutathione na ihe nrịbama nke ọrụ mgbochi [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ European nke Clinical Nutrition, 2018,72 (1): 105-111.DOI: 10.1038 / ejcn.2017.132.

[3] Abnousian A, Vasquez J, Sasaninia K, et al. Glutathione na-agbanwe mgbanwe dị mma na nzaghachi mgbochi megide ụkwara nta[J]. Biomedicines, 2023,11 (5).DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11051340.

[4] Ogunfolaju E. Glutathione[M]. 2020.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344526535_Glutathione.

[5] Ck D A. Glutathione intravenous: Usoro ọgwụgwọ na-ekwe nkwa maka ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị sayensị na nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ, 2024.

[6] Hoffmann C, Dietrich M, Herrmann A, et al. Dimethyl Fumarate Na-ebute Glutathione Recycling site na nkwalite nke Glutathione Reductase[J]. Ọgwụ Oxidative na Ogologo Ogologo Cellular, 2017,2017.DOI:10.1155/2017/6093903.

[7] Wang H, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. Enwere ike iji glutathione dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa Parkinson[J]. Ọgwụ nnwale na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, 2021,21 (2): 125.DOI:10.3892/etm.2020.9557.

[8] Matuz-Mares D, Riveros-Rosas H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, et al. Ntinye aka Glutathione na Mgbochi Ọrịa Ọrịa Obi [J]. Antioxidants, 2021,10 (8).DOI:10.3390/antiox10081220.

[9] Rom O, Liu Y, Finney AC, et al. Ntinye nke glutathione biosynthesis site na ọgwụgwọ dabere na glycine na-ebelata atherosclerosis[J]. Biology Redox, 2022,52:102313.DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102313.

[10] Ganeshpurkar A, Bhadoriya SS, Pardhi P, et al. In vitro mgbochi nke cataract nke Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida wepụ na oghere anya ewu dịpụrụ adịpụ[J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ India nke Pharmacology, 2011,43 (6): 667-670.DOI: 10.4103 / 0253-7613.89823.

[11] Gao Y, Li J, Wu Q, et al. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside na-akwalite ọrịa Alzheimer na ụmụ oke APP/PS1 site na glutathione peroxidase metụtara ferroptosis [J]. Immunopharmacology mba ụwa, 2021,99:108002.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108002.

[12] Dewan B, Shinde S. Glutathione ọgwụgwọ Adjuvant dị irè maka ọrịa ọnya iku ume na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa COVID-19 [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Ọganihu na Nchọpụta Ọgwụ na Ọgwụ, 2022.

[13] Khaki L, Vaezi G, Ayatollahi A, et al. Nyocha nke Glutathione Reductase na Glutathione Peroxidase na Serum nke ndị ọrịa Iran nwere Alopecia Areata: Ọmụmụ ihe nchịkwa [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Iran nke Allergy Asthma na Immunology, 2020,19(6):676-678.DOI:10.18502/ijaai.v19i6.4937.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.