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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Tsarin Glutathione
Source: PubChem |
Saukewa: XCG Tsarin Halitta: C 10H 17N 3O 6S Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta: 307.33g/mol Lambar CAS: 70-18-8 Takardar bayanai:124886 Synonyms: L-Glutathione |
▎ Binciken Glutathione
Menene asalin bincike na Glutathione?
Ganowa da ƙayyadaddun tsari na glutathione
An fara gano Glutathione a cikin yisti a cikin 1888. A cikin 1921, masana kimiyya sun kara tantance tsarin sinadarai. Glutathione wani tripeptide ne wanda aka kafa ta hanyar narkewar glutamic acid, cysteine, da glycine ta hanyar haɗin peptide.
Gane muhimmiyar rawar da yake takawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta
Tun daga 1930s, mutane sun gane a hankali cewa glutathione yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci iri-iri a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Yana shiga cikin halayen redox a cikin sel, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na yanayin intracellular da kare sel daga lalacewar oxidative. A halin yanzu, yana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ilimin halittar jiki kamar jigilar amino acid da tsarin ayyukan enzyme. Wadannan binciken sun kafa tushe na ka'idar don aikace-aikacen glutathione a fannin likitanci.
Bincike akan tushen sa wanda ya haifar da buƙatun aikace-aikacen likita
Tare da bincike mai zurfi game da ayyukan ilimin lissafin jiki na glutathione, yuwuwar ƙimar aikace-aikacen sa a fagen likitanci ya zama sananne. Ana amfani da shi don magance cututtuka iri-iri, kamar cututtukan hanta da cututtukan ido, kuma yana iya zama azaman antioxidant. Don saduwa da babban buƙatun glutathione a cikin aikace-aikacen asibiti, masu bincike sun fara mai da hankali kan bincika ingantaccen ingantaccen tushen tushen glutathione, wanda ya haifar da zurfin bincike akan tushen sa.
Menene tsarin aikin Glutathione?
Antioxidant sakamako
Glutathione (GSH) wani ingantaccen antioxidant ne wanda ke shiga cikin tsarin kariya na antioxidant a cikin sel. Zai iya amsa kai tsaye tare da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) kamar hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kuma ya rage su cikin abubuwa marasa lahani [1, 2] . Alal misali, ta hanyar sake zagayowar glutathione redox, glutathione yana amsawa tare da H₂O₂ kuma ya canza shi zuwa ruwa, don haka yana kare kwayoyin halitta daga lalacewar oxidative. A cikin wannan tsari, glutathione yana oxidized zuwa oxidized glutathione (GSSG), amma glutathione reductase a cikin tantanin halitta zai iya rage GSSG zuwa GSH, yana riƙe da ƙarfin antioxidant na tantanin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, glutathione kuma zai iya kare ƙungiyoyin -SH akan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jigilar cation da ƙwayar cuta. Ta hanyar kiyaye raguwar yanayin membrane -SH ƙungiyoyi, glutathione yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da aiki na yau da kullun na membrane cell [1].
Tasirin detoxification
Glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin detoxification. Yana iya ɗaure ga gubobi don samar da abubuwan da ba su da guba ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna sauƙaƙe fitar da su daga jiki. Alal misali, a cikin hanta, glutathione yana ɗaure da abubuwa masu cutarwa daban-daban kuma ana fitar da su ta hanyar bile ko fitsari, yana kare ƙwayoyin hanta daga lalacewa. Hanta ita ce babbar gabobin jikin mutum, kuma aikin glutathione a cikinta yana da mahimmanci.
Tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi
Glutathione yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Alal misali, a cikin macrophages, ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta, da ƙwayoyin T, zai iya tsara tsarin kunnawa tantanin halitta, metabolism, sakin cytokine da ya dace, aikin redox, da matakan radicals kyauta [3] . Kwayoyin rigakafi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yakar cututtuka da kuma kiyaye lafiyar jiki. Glutathione yana haɓaka ƙarfin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Glutathione na iya daidaita ayyukan redox, canza bayanin martabar cytokine zuwa nau'in amsawar Th1, kuma yana haɓaka aikin T lymphocytes, don haka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rigakafi da kariyar antioxidant [3] . Nau'in cytokines-nau'in Th1 sun fi shiga cikin martanin rigakafi ta hanyar sel daga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin ƙari. Glutathione yana haɓaka ikon kare lafiyar jiki ta hanyar daidaita ma'aunin cytokines.
Tasiri akan tsarin haihuwa
Glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwayoyin halittar maza da mata na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma a farkon matakan ci gaban amfrayo. A cikin maza da mata gametes, GSH yana da hannu wajen kare waɗannan kwayoyin halitta daga lalacewar oxidative [4] . Misali, a lokacin spermatogenesis, maida hankali na glutathione a hankali yana raguwa, yayin da lokacin balaga na oocyte, ana sarrafa kira na glutathione ta hanyar gonadotropins, kuma maida hankalinsa shima yana canzawa. Glutathione kuma yana da alaƙa da kiyaye ilimin halittar ɗan adam na meiotic spindle na oocyte. Bayan hadi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar pronucleus na namiji da kuma ci gaban amfrayo na farko zuwa matakin blastocyst. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cumulus kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɗin glutathione.
Source:PubMed [9]
Menene aikace-aikacen Glutathione?
Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtukan hanta barasa
Ciwon hanta na barasa (ALD) cuta ce mai tsanani da ke tattare da matsanancin damuwa. Yin amfani da barasa na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da danniya da kumburi, lalata ƙwayoyin hanta. Glutathione (GSH), tripeptide wanda ya ƙunshi γ-glutamylcysteineglycine kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyar sulfhydryl, yana shiga cikin halayen redox kuma shine babban mai ɓacin rai a cikin sel. A cikin hanta, ƙaddamarwar GSH yana da girma sosai, amma a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ALD, matakin endogenous yana raguwa, yana tsananta yanayin. Ƙarfafawar jini na GSH ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ALD, mai iya inganta aikin hanta da rage alamun fibrosis [5].
Matsayin jinkirta tsufa
A cikin bazuwar, makafi biyu, mai sarrafa wuribo, a layi daya, nazarin hannu uku na batutuwan mata masu lafiya, alamar melanin da tabo ultraviolet akan fuska da hannayen abubuwan da ke ɗauke da GSH ko GSSG galibi suna ƙasa da na rukunin placebo. A wasu wurare, an rage wrinkles na batutuwa masu shan GSH, kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar placebo, elasticity na fata na ƙungiyoyin GSH da GSSG sun nuna yanayin karuwa. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa glutathione yana da tasiri mai kyau akan jinkirta tsufa na fata [6].
Aikace-aikace a cikin cutar Parkinson
Cutar Parkinson (PD) cuta ce ta jijiya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa glutathione (GSH) na iya samun wani sakamako na warkewa akan PD. Ta hanyar bincike na tsari na ma'ajin bayanai da yawa da meta-bincike, an gano cewa akwai babban bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin Ma'aunin Ƙididdigar Cutar Cutar Parkinson (UPDRS) III tsakanin GSH da ƙungiyar kulawa, kuma akwai kuma babban bambanci a cikin glutathione peroxidase. Duk da haka, babu wani bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu a cikin maki UPDRS I da UPDRS II da kuma dangane da illa. Bugu da ƙari, bincike na rukuni ya nuna cewa kashi (300mg vs. 600mg) wani abu ne da ke shafar UPDRS III. Wannan yana nuna cewa GSH na iya ɗan inganta ƙimar PD ɗin ba tare da ƙara abubuwan da suka faru ba [7].
Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
Rigakafin cututtukan zuciya
A cikin cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini irin su cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin jini, cututtukan zuciya na hawan jini, da bugun jini, yawancin cututtukan zuciya na zuciya suna haifar da yanayin damuwa a lokacin ci gaban su, wanda ke haifar da tabarbarewar yanayin marasa lafiya, wanda ke da alaƙa da samar da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) da nau'in nitrogen mai amsawa (RNS). Rage glutathione (GSH), a matsayin muhimmin antioxidant, zai iya shiga cikin magance iskar oxygenation na waɗannan abubuwa masu amsawa. GSH an haɗa shi a cikin zuciya da hanta kuma yana da mahimmanci don hana ko rage illar ROS a cikin cututtukan zuciya [8]..
A cikin cututtukan zuciya
Ƙananan matakan glycine masu kewayawa suna da alaƙa da cututtukan zuciya (CVD). Nazarin ya gano cewa rashi na glycine na iya haɓaka ci gaban atherosclerosis, yayin da ƙarin glycine zai iya raunana shi. DT-109, wani fili na tushen glycine tare da dual lipid-lowering/glucose-lowing Properties, yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na kariya daga atherosclerosis. Nazarin kan marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin jini, mice atherosclerotic, da macrophages sun nuna cewa glycine yana taka rawa mai cutarwa a cikin atherosclerosis, kuma jiyya na tushen glycine na iya rage atherosclerosis ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant na haifar da biosynthesis na glutathione [9]..
Aikace-aikace a cikin rigakafi da maganin cututtukan ido
Rigakafi da maganin cataracts
A cikin ilimin ophthalmology, ana iya amfani da glutathione don rigakafi da maganin cataracts. Bincike ya nuna cewa abin da ya faru na cataracts yana da alaƙa da lahani na oxidative a cikin ruwan tabarau. A matsayin antioxidant, glutathione na iya rage tasirin lalacewar oxidative akan ƙwayoyin ruwan tabarau kuma ya kula da aikin al'ada na ruwan tabarau. Misali, a cikin binciken, an lura da yin amfani da ɗigon ido da ke ɗauke da glutathione don kula da marasa lafiyar cataract don rage ƙimar ruwan tabarau da haɓaka hangen nesa zuwa wani ɗan lokaci [10]..
Rigakafin da kuma maganin ciwon ido
Retinopathy cuta ce ta ido ta gama gari, kuma abin da ya faru yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar damuwa na oxidative da amsa mai kumburi. Glutathione na iya, ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant, rage lalacewar oxidative na nama na retinal, ya hana amsawar kumburi, don haka yana kare ƙwayoyin retinal. Bugu da ƙari, glutathione kuma na iya haɓaka aikin rayuwa na ƙwayoyin retina da haɓaka ikon gyaran kai na retina [10]..
Aikace-aikace a cikin mahara sclerosis
A cikin mahara sclerosis, neuronal degeneration yana da alaka da oxidative danniya. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) wani zaɓi ne mai tasiri na maganin baka kuma an tabbatar da shi don rage ayyukan cutar da ci gaba a cikin marasa lafiya tare da sake dawowa-remitting mahara sclerosis. DMF can activate the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), leading to an increase in the synthesis of the main cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and has a significant neuroprotective effect in vitro. Nazarin ya gano cewa DMF yana haifar da glutathione reductase (GSR), yana haɓaka sake yin amfani da glutathione ta hanyar haifar da GSR [6]..
Aikace-aikace a cikin cutar Alzheimer
A cikin cutar Alzheimer, ana ɗaukar amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Alzheimer (AD). Ferroptosis sabuwar hanyar mutuwar kwayar halitta ce wacce ke da alaƙa da AD. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) yana da fa'ida wajen sauke koyo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin AD da tsofaffin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta. Nazarin sun gano cewa TSG yana tsayayya da mutuwar neurotoxic na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da Aβ ke haifar da su ta hanyar daidaita furotin da enzymes da ke da alaka da ferroptosis a cikin APP / PS1 mice, yana kawar da damuwa na huhu da kuma lalacewa mai kumburi, kuma yana inganta kunnawar GSH / GPX4 / ROS da Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE hanyoyin sigina. Bugu da ƙari, TSG kuma yana rage maganganun alamomin da ke da alaƙa da ferroptosis kuma yana haɓaka ikon yin tsayayya da damuwa na oxidative [11]..
Adjuvant maganin cututtuka na numfashi
Magungunan Adjuvant don Ciwon Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar (COPD)
Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar ta huhu, kumburin iska da damuwa na oxidative sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar. Glutathione na iya rage kumburin iska da inganta aikin numfashi ta hanyar tasirin antioxidant. Yana iya kawar da radicals kyauta a cikin hanyar iska, rage lalacewar danniya na oxidative zuwa kwayoyin epithelial na iska, kuma ta haka ne ya kawar da kumburin iska. Bugu da ƙari, glutathione kuma yana iya daidaita aikin rigakafi da haɓaka juriyar jiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta [12].
Aikace-aikace a cikin cututtuka na tsibirin
A cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan tsibirin da masu ciwon sukari na jini, an kimanta glutathione reductase da glutathione peroxidase. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a cikin wannan cuta, rashin daidaituwa a cikin rabo na oxidants zuwa antioxidants na iya zama dangantaka da yanayin [13].
A matsayin fili na tripeptide wanda ya hada da glutamic acid, cysteine, da glycine, glutathione yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, irin su aikin antioxidant, detoxification, tsarin rigakafi, da tasiri akan tsarin haihuwa. Tun lokacin da aka gano shi, tare da zurfafa bincike, ƙimar aikace-aikacensa a fagen likitanci yana ci gaba da ba da haske, yana nuna tasiri mai kyau a cikin jiyya ko rigakafin cututtuka iri-iri, gami da cututtukan hanta na barasa, cutar Parkinson, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, da cututtukan ido. Ko da yake ana ci gaba da bincike kan hanyoyin wasu aikace-aikace da cikakkun bayanai kan illolinsa a wasu cututtuka, glutathione na da matukar muhimmanci wajen kiyaye lafiyar jiki da rigakafi da magance cututtuka.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya
Rom O ƙwararren mai bincike ne wanda ke da alaƙa da manyan cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana a Shreveport, Tsarin Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana, Jami'ar Pittsburgh, da Jami'ar Michigan. Ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da sanannun abubuwa kamar Lsuhs Shreveport da Michigan Med, yana nuna rawar da ya taka a cikin manyan wuraren ilimi da na likita.
Sha'awar binciken Rom O ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nau'ikan batutuwa iri-iri. Kwarewarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin fannonin Tsarin Ciwon Jiki & Ciwon zuciya, Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, da Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Tare da aikin da aka mayar da hankali kan waɗannan ɓangarori na binciken, ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da fahimta a cikin waɗannan rassa masu mahimmanci na kimiyyar likitanci.an jera a cikin ambaton ambaton [9].
