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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
| Omuwendo: | |
|---|---|
▎ Epi Enzimba ya
Ensibuko: PubChem |
Omutendera: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 14H 22N 4O9 Obuzito bwa molekyu: 390.35 g/mol Ennamba ya CAS: 307297-39-8 Ekitabo kya PubChem CID: 219042 Ebigambo ebifaanagana: Epithalon |
▎ Epi Okunoonyereza ku
Epi gye yakola mu kunoonyereza kuliwa?
Mu myaka gya 1980, ekibinja ky’abanoonyereza okuva mu Russia nga bakulemberwa Vladimir Khavinson baasooka okuzuula Epi1 [1] . Epi ye peptide ennyimpi ekoleddwa nga erimu amino asidi nnya: alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, ne glycine. Okusengejja kwayo kwesigamiziddwa ku peptide epithalamion ey’obutonde eggyibwa mu nseke ya pineal. Epi kirowoozebwa nti erina ebikolwa ebiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obuwuka obugeraageranyizibwa ku bya melatonin era eyinza okuba n’omugaso ogw’okwongera ku bulamu [2] . Abanoonyereza bakizudde nti Epi esobola okusitula emirimu gya telomerase. Telomerase ye enzyme esobola okukuuma n’okugaziya telomeres ku nkomerero za chromosomes. Abantu bwe bakaddiwa, telomeres zikendeera, ekikwatagana n’endwadde eziva ku myaka n’obulamu obutono. Nga esitula emirimu gya telomerase, Epi eyinza okuyamba okugaziya telomeres, bwe kityo n’ekendeeza ku nkola y’okukaddiwa n’okuziyiza endwadde ezeekuusa ku kukaddiwa [1] . Okunoonyereza okumu kulaga nti Epi eyinza okwenyigira mu kulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale bwa CCL11 ne HMGB1 era ekola nga activator y’okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale buno. Mu kiseera kye kimu, dipeptide vilon (Lys-Glu) ne tetrapeptide Epi (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) ziyinza okukola ebikolwa byabwe eby’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa nga ziziyiza obuzaale buno. Okugatta awamu, Epi ne vilon bimanyiddwa okulungamya okulaga kw’obuzaale n’okusengejja obutoffaali, okutumbula okukendeeza ku kufa n’okukendeeza ku nkula y’endwadde mu bakadde [3] . Mu kiseera kino, okunoonyereza ku Epi okusinga kwesigamye ku mutendera gw’okugezesa ebisolo, era obulungi bwayo obw’ekiseera ekiwanvu n’obukuumi mu bantu tebinnaba kutegeerekeka mu bujjuvu. Wadde ng’okunoonyereza okumu ku bisolo kutuuse ku bivuddemu ebizzaamu amaanyi, gamba nga mu biwuka, Epi ekwatagana n’obulamu obuwanvu n’obulamu obulungi, okukozesebwa kw’ebivuddemu bino mu bantu kukyakwetaagisa okwongera okunoonyereza [1]..
Enkola ki ey’okukola kwa Epi mu kisaawe ky’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa?
Okukendeeza ku mutindo gw’ebika bya oxygen ebikola:
Ebika bya oxygen ebikola (ROS) bikola kinene mu nkola y’okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso. ROS eyitiridde ejja kuleeta okwonooneka kw’enkwaso (oxidative damage), okukosa omutindo gwazo n’obusobozi bwazo obw’okukula. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Epi esobola okukendeeza ku sipiidi y’okukutukakutuka kw’obutoffaali (cytoplasmic fragmentation of oocytes) obuva ku kukaddiwa n’ebirimu ebika bya oxygen ebikola mu butoffaali [2] . Nga antioxidant, Epi esobola okufuula ROS mu butoffaali obutaliimu n’okukendeeza ku kwonooneka kwayo eri oocytes. Okusingira ddala, kiyinza okutuukibwako mu ngeri bbiri zino wammanga: Esooka, okusenya butereevu ROS. Epi eyinza okuba n’obusobozi okukolagana butereevu ne ROS n’agikyusa mu bintu ebitali bya bulabe. Ekyokubiri, okutumbula emirimu gy’enziyiza eziziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde. Epi eyinza okusitula emirimu gy’enziyiza eziziyiza obuwuka obuleeta obulwadde mu butoffaali, nga superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), n’ebirala Enziyiza zino zisobola okuyamba okusaanyawo ROS n’okukuuma bbalansi ya redox mu butoffaali.
Okulongoosa enkola ya mitochondrial:
Mitochondria zikola kinene mu nkyukakyuka y’amasoboza n’okuwangaala kw’obutoffaali bw’enkwaso. Nga enkwaso zikaddiwa, emirimu gya mitochondria gijja kukendeera mpolampola, nga kyeyolekera ng’okukendeera mu busobozi bw’oluwuzi lwa mitochondrial n’okukendeera mu muwendo gwa kkopi ya DNA ya mitochondrial. Epi esobola okwongera ku busobozi bw’oluwuzi lwa mitochondrial n’omuwendo gwa copy ya DNA ya mitochondrial [2] . Kino kiyamba okulongoosa amaanyi g’enkwaso n’okukuuma emirimu gya bulijjo egy’omubiri egy’obutoffaali. Enkola entongole ey’okukola eyinza okuli: Ekisooka, okwongera ku busobozi bw’oluwuzi lwa mitochondrial. Okukuuma obusobozi bw’oluwuzi lwa mitochondria kikulu nnyo ku nkola eya bulijjo eya mitochondria. Epi eyinza okwongera ku busobozi bw’oluwuzi lwa mitochondria nga etereeza emikutu gya ion oba okutambuza obutoffaali ku luwuzi lwa mitochondria, okutumbula obusobozi bw’okukola amaanyi ga mitochondria. Ekyokubiri, okwongera ku muwendo gwa kkopi za DNA ya mitochondrial. Okwongera ku muwendo gwa kkopi ya DNA ya mitochondria kiyinza okulongoosa obusobozi bw’okusengejja mitochondria n’okuwa amaanyi amangi eri obutoffaali. Epi eyinza okwongera ku muwendo gwa kkopi ya DNA ya mitochondrial nga etumbula okukoppa kwa DNA ya mitochondrial oba okukendeeza ku kuvunda kwayo.
Okukendeeza ku nkula ya spindle etali ya bulijjo n’exocytosis etali ya bulijjo ey’obutundutundu bw’omubiri (cortical granules):
Mu kiseera ky’okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso, emigerageranyo gy’enkula y’enkwaso etali ya bulijjo n’ensengekera y’obutoffaali obutali bwa bulijjo obw’obutundutundu bw’omubiri (cortical granules) gijja kweyongera, ekijja okukosa obusobozi bw’okuzaala n’okukula kw’embuto z’enkwaso. Epi esobola okukendeeza ku migerageranyo gy’enkula ya spindle etali ya bulijjo n’exocytosis etali ya bulijjo ey’obutundutundu bw’omubiri (cortical granules) [2] . Kino kiyinza okuba nga kiva ku nkola y’okulungamya eya Epi ku kutebenkera kw’amagumba g’obutoffaali n’oluwuzi lw’obutoffaali: Ekisooka, okutebenkeza ensengekera ya spindle. Ekiwujjo (spindle) nsengekera nkulu mu nkola y’okugabanya obutoffaali, era enkula yaakyo etali ya bulijjo ejja kuleeta okwawukana kw’ensengekera y’obutonde (chromosomes) okutali kwa bulijjo era ekose enkula y’enkwaso. Epi eyinza okutebenkeza ensengekera ya spindle nga etereeza polymerization ne depolymerization ya tubulin, okukendeeza ku kubeerawo kw’enkula etali ya bulijjo. Ekyokubiri, okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’obutundutundu obuyitibwa cortical granules. Cortical granules zikola kinene mu nkola y’okuzaala enkwaso. Epi eyinza okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’obutundutundu bw’omubiri (cortical granules) nga etereeza okuyita kw’oluwuzi lw’obutoffaali oba obubonero bwa calcium ion, okukendeeza ku kubeerawo kwa exocytosis etali ya bulijjo.
Okukendeeza ku bubonero bwa apoptosis:
Mu kiseera ky’okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso, obubonero bwa apoptosis bujja kweyongera, ekivaamu okufa kw’obutoffaali. Epi esobola okukendeeza ku muwendo omulungi ogw’okusiiga Annexin V n’amaanyi g’okumasamasa ga γH2AX mu nkwaso ezikaddiye mu vitro [2] . Kino kiraga nti Epi esobola okukendeeza ku apoptosis y’enkwaso. Enkola entongole eyinza okuli: Ekisooka, okuziyiza ekkubo ly’obubonero bwa apoptosis. Epi eyinza okuziyiza okutambuza obubonero bwa apoptosis nga etereeza obutoffaali obukulu mu kkubo ly’obubonero bwa apoptosis, nga puloteyini z’amaka ga Bcl-2 ne puloteyini z’amaka ga caspase, n’okukendeeza ku kufa kw’obutoffaali. Ekyokubiri, okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’ensengekera y’obutonde (genomic stability). γH2AX kye kimu ku biraga nti DNA eyonoonese. Epi eyinza okukuuma obutebenkevu bwa genomic nga ekendeeza ku kwonooneka kwa DNA n’okukendeeza ku bubonero bwa apoptosis.
Epi yakuuma obulungi bwa spindle obwa bulijjo n’okusaasaana kwa CGs.
Ensibuko:PubMed [2] .
Engeri ki entongole Epi gy’ekola mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’obusimu?
Okulungamya enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri:
Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Epi esobola okukosa enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri mu mbeba mu mbeera ez’enjawulo ez’okunyigirizibwa. Mu maaso g’okunyigirizibwa kw’okukyusakyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde n’okunyigirizibwa okugatta obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, Epi esobola okwongera ku mirimu gy’okukula kw’obutoffaali bwa thymocytes [4] . Kino kitegeeza nti Epi eyinza okutumbula obusobozi bw’omubiri okuziyiza endwadde z’obusimu ng’etereeza abaserikale b’omubiri. Okukula kw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa thymocytes kukwatagana nnyo n’enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri, era abaserikale b’omubiri bakola kinene mu kubaawo n’okukula kw’endwadde z’obusimu. Ng’ekyokulabirako, endwadde ezimu ezikendeeza ku busimu ziyinza okuba nga zeekuusa ku kukola oba obutakola bulungi kw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo. Enkola y’okutumbula Epi ku kweyongera kw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa thymocytes eyinza okuyamba okukuuma bbalansi y’abaserikale b’omubiri, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku bubonero bw’endwadde z’obusimu.
Enkola ku kkubo ly’okukyusa obubonero:
Epi erina ekikolwa eky’okulungamya ku kkubo ly’okukyusa obubonero bwa interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Okusingira ddala, Epi esobola okwongera ku synergistic effect ya IL-1β n’okukosa emirimu gy’enziyiza enkulu mu ceramide signal transduction ekkubo mu cerebral cortex membrane, okuge membrane neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) [4] . IL-1β ye cytokine enkulu eyenyigira mu nkola ez’enjawulo ez’omubiri n’endwadde. Mu ndwadde ezikendeera kw’obusimu, okwolesebwa okutali kwa bulijjo okwa IL-1β kuyinza okuvaako okuzimba obusimu n’okwonooneka kw’obusimu. Nga etereeza ekkubo ly’okukyusa obubonero bwa IL-1β, Epi eyinza okukendeeza ku kuzimba kw’obusimu n’okukuuma obusimu obutafuna kwonooneka. Okugatta ku ekyo, enkyukakyuka mu nkola ya nSMase nazo zeekuusa ku ndwadde ezikendeeza ku busimu. Okulungamya emirimu gya nSMase nga Epi kuyinza okuyamba okukuuma enkola eya bulijjo ey’obutoffaali bw’obusimu.Mu kumaliriza, engeri Epi gy’ekola mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’obusimu eyinza okuzingiramu okulungamya abaserikale b’omubiri n’okulungamya ekkubo ly’okukyusa obubonero. Wabula okunoonyereza okuliwo kati ku Epi mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’obusimu kukyali mu mutendera ogusookerwako, era okunoonyereza okulala kwetaagibwa okukakasa obulungi bwayo n’obukuumi bwayo.
Enkulaakulana y’okunoonyereza eya Epi
Enkosa ku mutindo gw’enkwaso
Okulwawo okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso:
Okunoonyereza mu kugezesa mu vitro kuzudde nti Epi esobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gw’ebika bya oxygen ebikola mu butoffaali (ROS) mu nkwaso z’ebibe ezikaddiye oluvannyuma lw’okuggyamu eggi. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera, obusobozi bw’enkula y’enkwaso bujja kukendeera mpolampola oluvannyuma lw’okufulumya eggi mu vivo oba mu vitro. Nga synthetic short peptide, Epi ekola okufaananako ne melatonin era nga antioxidant ekola, ekiyinza okuba n’omugaso ogw’okwongera ku bulamu. Obujjanjabi ne Epi bwakendeeza nnyo ku mirundi gy’obulema mu spindle n’okusaasaana okutali kwa bulijjo okw’obutundutundu bw’omubiri (cortical granules) mu ssaawa 12 n’essaawa 24 ez’okukaddiwa, era mu kiseera kye kimu ne kyongera ku busobozi bw’oluwuzi lw’emitochondrial n’omuwendo gwa kkopi ya DNA ya mitochondrial, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku apoptosis y’enkwaso mu ssaawa 24 ez’okukaddiwa mu vitro. Ebivudde mu kunoonyereza kuno biraga nti Epi esobola okulwawo enkola y’okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso mu vitro nga etereeza emirimu gya mitochondria n’emiwendo gya ROS [2]..
Okulongoosa omutindo gw’enkwaso:
Okwongera 0.1 mM ya Epi mu kisenge ky’okukuza mu vitro kiyinza okukendeeza ku sipiidi y’okukutuka kw’obutoffaali mu bitundu by’omubiri (parthenogenetic activation of oocytes) ekiva ku kukaddiwa mu kisenge (in vitro aging) oluvannyuma lw’okuggyamu eggi, okukendeeza ku migerageranyo gy’enkula ya spindle etali ya bulijjo n’exocytosis etali ya bulijjo eya cortical granules, okwongera ku mitochondrial membrane potential n’omuwendo gwa mitochondrial DNA, n’okukendeeza ku muwendo omulungi wa Annexin V staining n’amaanyi g’okumasamasa ga γH2AX mu nseke ezikaddiye mu vitro. Kino kiraga nti Epi esobola okulongoosa obuzibu bw’ebitundu by’omubiri mu kiseera ky’okukaddiwa kw’enkwaso mu kisenge (in vitro aging process) n’okulongoosa omutindo gw’enkwaso (Xue Yue).
Enkosa ku njawulo y’obutoffaali bw’obusimu
Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti AEDG peptide (Epi) esobola okwongera ku kusengejja obubonero bw’enjawulo mu busimu mu butoffaali obusibuka mu nseke z’omuntu, nga Nestin, GAP43, β Tubulin III, ne Doublecortin. Enkola z’okugezesa molekyu ziraga nti Epi esinga kwesiba ku H1/6 ne H1/3 histones, ekiyinza okuba emu ku nkola ez’okwongera ku kuwandiika kw’obuzaale buno obw’enjawulo mu busimu [5]..
Enkola y’okulungamya ku nkola y’obusimu
Okulungamya emirimu gy’obusimu:
Okuyita mu kunoonyereza ku nvunza, kizuuliddwa nti okufuyira Epi (2 ng) mu nnyindo kuyinza okukola ennyo emirimu gy’obusimu bw’omubiri gw’obwongo bw’envunza mu ddakiika ntono, era emirundi gy’okukuba amasasi egy’obusimu gyeyongera emirundi 2 - 2.5 [6] . Mu bimu ku bikwata, eby’okuddamu ebizibu ebirimu emitendera egiwerako nabyo byalabibwa. Okweyongera kw’emirimu egy’okwekolako egy’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons nga Epi kiva ku mirundi mingi egya yuniti ezikola edda n’okwetaba kw’obutoffaali obwali busirise emabegako. Waakiri omutendera ogusooka ogw’ekikolwa kya Epi guyinza okunnyonnyolwa olw’engeri peptide eno gy’ekwata obutereevu ku butoffaali bw’ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa motor cortex.
Ekikolwa ky’okukuuma situleesi:
Epi erina ekikolwa eky’okukuuma situleesi ku mbeba ezikwatibwa embeera za situleesi ez’enjawulo. Okugezesa kulaga nti Epi eyongera ku mirimu gy’okukula kw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa thymocytes. Ka kibe nti eyongezebwa wansi w’okunyigirizibwa kw’okukyusakyusa okusitula abaserikale oba okuziyizibwa wansi w’okunyigirizibwa okugatta obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, Epi esobola okukola omulimu gw’okulungamya (Vladimir Kh Khavinson, 2002). Mu kiseera kye kimu, Epi era esobola okwongera ku synergistic effect ya interleukin-1β (IL-1β) era erina impact ku nkyukakyuka mu mirimu gya sphingomyelinase (nSMase) mu cerebral cortex membrane ereetebwa stress. Kino kiraga nti Epi erina ekikolwa eky’okukuuma situleesi ku ddaala ly’okukyusa obubonero bwa IL-1β mu kkubo lya sphingomyelin ne ku ddaala ly’okukula kw’obutoffaali obugendereddwamu mu bitundu by’obusimu.
Enkosa ku nkola y’endocrine y’ebisolo ebitali bantu:
Mu nkimye za rhesus enkadde, Epi esobola okukendeeza ku muwendo gwa glucose ne insulin mu musingi n’okwongera ku muwendo gwa melatonin ogw’ekiro ogwa basal. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Epi esobola okukendeeza ku kitundu wansi w'enkulungo y'okuddamu kwa glucose mu plasma, okwongera ku kigero kya 'okubula' kwa glucose, n'okuzza enkola ya insulini mu plasma eya bulijjo mu kuddamu okuweebwa glucose. Kino kiraga nti Epi nsonga esuubiza okuzzaawo obuzibu bw’endocrine obuva ku myaka mu primates [7]..
Okusobola okukozesebwa kwa Epi mu kujjanjaba endwadde z’obusimu
Obulwadde bwa Alzheimer: Obulwadde bwa Alzheimer bulwadde bwa bulijjo obukendeeza ku busimu, okusinga bumanyiddwa olw’okukendeera kw’enkola y’okutegeera n’okubulwa okujjukira. Okunoonyereza okuliwo kati kulaga nti obulwadde bwa Alzheimer bukwatagana n’okukosa enjawulo y’obusimu. Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu mu bwongo bw’abalwadde b’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer gukendeera, era n’obusobozi bwabwo obw’okwawula nabwo buziyizibwa. Epi eyinza okutumbula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu, okwongera ku muwendo gw’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons, n’okulongoosa enkola y’okutegeera kw’abalwadde b’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer. Okugatta ku ekyo, Epi era eyinza okulung’amya okufulumya kw’obusimu obutambuza obusimu, okulongoosa okujjukira n’okuyiga kw’abalwadde b’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer [8]..
Obulwadde bwa Parkinson: Obulwadde bwa Parkinson bulwadde obukendeeza ku busimu obusinga okumanyibwa olw’obuzibu bw’enkola y’emirimu. Ekintu kyayo ekikulu eky’obulwadde kwe kufiirwa obusimu obuyitibwa dopaminergic neurons mu substantia nigra. Enkola z’obujjanjabi eziriwo kati okusinga ziwummuza obubonero nga zigatta ku dopamine oba okuziyiza okuvunda kwa dopamine, naye enkola zino teziyinza kuyimiriza kukula kw’obulwadde. Okusimbuliza obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu nkola eyinza okujjanjaba, naye ensibuko n’obusobozi bw’okwawula obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu bukyali kizibu. Epi eyinza okutumbula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu, okwongera ku muwendo gw’obusimu obukola dopaminergic, n’okulongoosa enkola y’enkola y’emirimu gy’abalwadde b’obulwadde bwa Parkinson [8]..
Stroke n’obuvune ku bwongo: Sstroke bulwadde bwa bulijjo obw’emisuwa gy’obwongo, era ekisinga okuvaamu kwe kufa kw’obusimu obuyitibwa neurons n’obusimu obutakola bulungi. Obuvune ku bwongo era buyinza okuvaako obusimu obuyitibwa neurons okufiirwa n’obutakola bulungi. Obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu bukola kinene mu kuddaabiriza n’okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw’okusannyalala n’okulumwa obwongo. Epi eyinza okutumbula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali obusibuka mu busimu, okwongera ku muwendo gw’obusimu, n’okulongoosa enkola y’obusimu bw’abalwadde ba stroke n’obuvune ku bwongo [8]..
Mu kumaliriza, nga tetrapeptide ey’obutonde, enkola enkulu ey’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa eya Epi eri mu kukola okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale bwa telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit (TERT), okugaziya obuwanvu bwa telomeres n’okukuuma emirimu gya telomerase, bwe kityo ne kiyingira mu nkola enkulu ey’okukaddiwa kw’obutoffaali. Amakulu gaayo gali mu kusooka okutegeera okuyingira mu nsonga z’okulwanyisa okukaddiwa okuva mu ndowooza y’ebiramu bya telomere, okumenya ekkomo ly’ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka eby’ennono ebigenderera ebirungo ebiziyiza obuwuka obuyitibwa free radicals zokka, n’okuwa ekigendererwa ekipya eky’okulwawo endwadde ezeekuusa ku myaka ng’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer n’endwadde z’emisuwa. Newankubadde obukuumi bwayo obw’ekiseera ekiwanvu (naddala akabi ka kookolo) bukyalina okukakasibwa mu kugezesebwa okw’omutendera III, ng’enkola y’okunoonyereza n’okukulaakulanya eddagala erisooka eriziyiza okukaddiwa ery’ekika kya telomerase activator, eraga enkyukakyuka ey’amaanyi mu kuyingira mu nsonga z’okukaddiwa okuva ku kulongoosa obubonero okutuuka ku kulungamya enkola ya molekyu era kisuubirwa okutumbula okwongezaayo obulamu bw’omuntu.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi w’ekitabo kya Scientific Journal Vladimir Khavinson mukugu mu by’obutonde omututumufu mu Russia era omukugu mu kunoonyereza ku bikwata ku biramu ebiyitibwa peptide bioregulator. Ye Dayirekita w’ekitongole kya St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology era mmemba mu ttendekero ly’ebyobujjanjabi erya Russia. Khavinson akoze kinene mu mulimu gw'okunoonyereza ku kukaddiwa era awandiise ebitabo bingi mu bitabo ebimanyiddwa nga 'Molecular Biology of Aging' ne 'Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine'. Omulimu gwe okusinga gussa essira ku kukola n’okukozesa peptide bioregulators okulwanyisa endwadde ezeekuusa ku myaka n’okulongoosa obulamu. Okunoonyereza kwa Khavinson kubadde kwa maanyi mu by’obukadde, nga kuwa amagezi amapya n’enkola z’obujjanjabi ku kukaddiwa okulamu. Vladimir Khavinson awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [5].
